RoboCup Standard Platform League
Encyclopedia
The RoboCup Standard Platform League (SPL) is one of several leagues within RoboCup
, an international competition with autonomous robotic soccer matches as the main event.
The League began as the Sony Four-Legged League in 1999 using the Sony AIBO. Initially a small number of teams were invited to join the league. In 2002, the league was opened and teams were allowed to apply through a qualification process. After Sony announced that it would discontinue production of the AIBO in 2006, the League searched for a new platform and decided on the Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO
. In 2008, the League ran both AIBOs and Naos and was renamed the Standard Platform League. From 2009, only the Naos were used.
2008–Present Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO robots
.
RoboCup
RoboCup is an international robotics competition founded in 1997. The aim is to develop autonomous soccer robots with the intention of promoting research and education in the field of artificial intelligence...
, an international competition with autonomous robotic soccer matches as the main event.
Overview
In the Standard Platform League all teams use identical (i.e., standard) robots, allowing the teams concentrate on software development rather than the mechanics of robots. The robots operate fully autonomously; i.e., there is no remote control by either humans or computers during the games.The League began as the Sony Four-Legged League in 1999 using the Sony AIBO. Initially a small number of teams were invited to join the league. In 2002, the league was opened and teams were allowed to apply through a qualification process. After Sony announced that it would discontinue production of the AIBO in 2006, the League searched for a new platform and decided on the Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO
Nao (robot)
Nao is an autonomous, programmable, medium-sized humanoid robot, developed by Aldebaran Robotics, a French startup company headquartered in Paris. Project Nao was launched in 2004. On August 15, 2007, Nao replaced Sony's robot dog Aibo as the robot used in the Robot Soccer World Cup Standard...
. In 2008, the League ran both AIBOs and Naos and was renamed the Standard Platform League. From 2009, only the Naos were used.
Summaries of previous tournaments
| Year (Robot) | Host | Final | Third Place Match | Number of Teams | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winners | Score | Runners-up | Third Place | Score | Fourth Place | |||
| 1999 (AIBO) |
Stockholm - Sweden | LRP |
4-1 | rUNSWift |
CMTrio |
|||
| 2000 (AIBO) |
Melbourne - Australia | rUNSWift |
10-0 | LRP |
CMPack |
|||
| 2001 (AIBO) |
Seattle - USA | rUNSWift |
9-2 | CMPack |
||||
| 2002 (AIBO) |
Fukuoka/Busan - Japan/Korea | CMPack |
3-3 (2-1) | rUNSWift |
NUBots |
|||
| 2003 (AIBO) |
Padua - Italy | rUNSWift |
4-3 | UPennalizers |
NUBots |
4-1 | CMPack |
|
| 2004 (AIBO) |
Lisbon - Portugal | GermanTeam |
5-3 | UTS Unleashed! |
NUBots |
5-4 | UPennalizers |
23 |
| 2005 (AIBO) |
Osaka - Japan | GermanTeam |
4-3 (2-2) | NUBots |
rUNSWift |
8-0 | CMDash |
24 |
| 2006 (AIBO) |
Bremen - Germany | NUBots |
7-3 | rUNSWift |
Microsoft Hellhounds |
6-0 | GermanTeam |
24 |
| 2007 (AIBO) |
Atlanta - USA | Northern Bites |
5-1 | NUBots |
CMDash |
3-3 (6-5) | WrightEagle |
24 |
| 2008 (AIBO) |
Suzhou - China | GermanTeam |
5-0 | UTS-USTC WrightEagle Unleashed! |
Northern Bites |
3-1 | UT Austin Villa |
10 |
| 2008 (Nao) |
NUManoids |
1-0 (0-0) | GTCMUnited |
Kouretes |
1-0 (0-0) | Humboldt |
15 | |
| 2009 (Nao) |
Graz - Austria | B-Human |
5-0 | Northern Bites |
Nao Devils Dortmund |
4-1 | UT Austin Villa |
24 |
| 2010 (Nao) |
Singapore | B-Human |
6-1 | rUNSWift |
UT Austin Villa |
5-1 | CMurfs |
23 |
| 2011 (Nao) |
Istanbul - Turkey | B-Human |
11-1 | Nao Devils Dortmund |
NTU Robot PAL |
4-2 | HTWK |
27 |
| 2012 (Nao) (TBC) |
Mexico City - Mexico | |||||||
Finalist Details
- 1999 LRP, ; rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales,
- 2000 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales, ; LRP,
- 2001 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales, ; CM United, Carnegie Mellon University,
- 2002 CMPack, Carnegie Mellon University, ; rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales,
- 2003 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales, ; UPennalizers, University of Pennsylvania,
- 2004 GermanTeam, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Universität Bremen, Technische Universität Darmstadt, and University of Dortmund, ; UTS Unleashed!, University of Technology, Sydney,
- 2005 GermanTeam, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Universität Bremen, Technische Universität Darmstadt, and University of Dortmund, ; NUBots, The University of Newcastle,
- 2006 NUBots, The University of Newcastle, ; rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales,
- 2007 Northern Bites, Bowdoin CollegeBowdoin CollegeBowdoin College , founded in 1794, is an elite private liberal arts college located in the coastal Maine town of Brunswick, Maine. As of 2011, U.S. News and World Report ranks Bowdoin 6th among liberal arts colleges in the United States. At times, it was ranked as high as 4th in the country. It is...
, ; NUBots, The University of Newcastle, - 2008 NUManoids, National University of Ireland Maynooth and University of Newcastle, Ireland and ; GTCMUnited, Georgia Institute of Technology and Carnegie Mellon University, GermanTeam, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Humboldt Universität Berlin, and DFKI-Labor Bremen, ; UTS-USTC WrightEagle Unleashed!, University of Science and Technology of China , and University of Technology, Sydney,
- 2009 B-Human, University of BremenUniversity of BremenThe University of Bremen is a university of approximately 23,500 people from 126 countries that are studying, teaching, researching, and working in Bremen, Germany...
and German Research Centre for Artificial IntelligenceGerman Research Centre for Artificial IntelligenceDeutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz , lit. German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, is one of the world's largest nonprofit contract research institutes in the field of innovative software technology based on Artificial Intelligence methods.DFKI was founded in 1988...
, ; Northern Bites, Bowdoin College, - 2010 B-Human, University of BremenUniversity of BremenThe University of Bremen is a university of approximately 23,500 people from 126 countries that are studying, teaching, researching, and working in Bremen, Germany...
and German Research Centre for Artificial IntelligenceGerman Research Centre for Artificial IntelligenceDeutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz , lit. German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, is one of the world's largest nonprofit contract research institutes in the field of innovative software technology based on Artificial Intelligence methods.DFKI was founded in 1988...
, ; rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales, - 2011 B-Human, University of BremenUniversity of BremenThe University of Bremen is a university of approximately 23,500 people from 126 countries that are studying, teaching, researching, and working in Bremen, Germany...
and German Research Centre for Artificial IntelligenceGerman Research Centre for Artificial IntelligenceDeutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz , lit. German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, is one of the world's largest nonprofit contract research institutes in the field of innovative software technology based on Artificial Intelligence methods.DFKI was founded in 1988...
, ;Nao Devils Dortmund, TU Dortmund,
Technical Challenges Results
| Year (Robot) | Host | First | Second | Third |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 (AIBO) |
Stockholm - Sweden | rUNSWift | ||
| 2000 (AIBO) |
Melbourne - Australia | rUNSWift | ||
| 2001 (AIBO) |
Seattle - USA | rUNSWift | ||
| 2002 (AIBO) |
Fukuoka/Busan Japan/Korea | rUNSWift | ||
| 2003 (AIBO) |
Padua - Italy | rUNSWift | ||
| 2004 (AIBO) |
Lisbon - Portugal | UTS Unleashed! | ARAIBO | ASURA |
| 2005 (AIBO) |
Osaka - Japan | Cerberus | NUBots | ARAIBO and GermanTeam |
| 2006 (AIBO) |
Bremen - Germany | Microsoft Hellhounds | ASURA | Dutch AIBO Team |
| 2007 (AIBO) |
Atlanta - USA | German Team | Jolly Pochie | UT Austin Villa |
| 2008 (AIBO) |
Suzhou - China | |||
| 2008 (Nao) |
||||
| 2009 (Nao) |
Graz - Austria | B-Human and Nao-Team HTWK |
Nao Devils and Nao Team Humboldt |
|
| 2010 (Nao) |
Singapore | rUNSWift | UT Austin Villa | CMurfs |
| 2011 (Nao) |
Istanbul - Turkey | RoboEireann | Noxious-Kouretes | rUNSWift |
| 2012 (Nao) (TBC) |
Mexico City - Mexico |
Team Details
- 1999 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales
- 2000 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales
- 2001 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales
- 2002 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales
- 2003 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales
- 2004 UTS Unleashed!, University of Technology, Sydney ; ARAIBO , The University of Tokyo and Chuo University ; ASURA, Kyushu Institute of Technology and Fukuoka Institute of Technology
- 2005 Cerberus, Bogazici University, Istanbul ; NUBots, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle ; ARAIBO, The University of Tokyo and Chuo University and GermanTeam, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Universität Bremen, Technische Universität Darmstadt, and University of Dortmund)
- 2006 Microsoft Hellhounds, University of Dortmund ; ASURA, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka Institute of Technology ; Dutch AIBO Team, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Technische Universiteit Delft, Universiteit Utrecht
- 2007 German Team, Humboldt Universität Berlin, Universität Bremen, Technische Universität Darmstadt, and DFKI Lab Bremen ; Jolly Pochie, Department of Informatics, Kyushu University, Department of System Information Sciences, Tohoku University ; UT Austin Villa, University of Texas at Austin
- 2009 B-Human, University of Bremen and Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz and Nao-Team HTWK, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences ; Nao Devils, Robotics Research Institute, TU Dortmund and Nao Team Humboldt, Department of Artificial Intelligence, Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin
- 2010 rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales ; UT Austin Villa, University of Texas at Austin ; CMurfs, Carnegie Mellon University
- 2011 RoboEireann ; Noxious-Kouretes; rUNSWift, The University of New South Wales
Founders of the League
- Hiroaki KitanoHiroaki Kitanois a Japanese scientist who currently works for Sony Computer Science Laboratories and is best known for developing AIBO, and the robotic world cup tournament known as Robocup. He graduated from International Christian University in 1984 and received a Ph.D. in engineering from Kyoto University in...
, RoboCup Federation - Manuela Veloso, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
- Masahiro Fujita, Sony Corporation, Japan
- Minoru Asada, Osaka UniversityOsaka University, or , is a major national university located in Osaka, Japan. It is the sixth oldest university in Japan as the Osaka Prefectural Medical College, and formerly one of the Imperial Universities of Japan...
, Japan - Dominique Duhaut, Université de Bretagne Sud, France
Rules
- RoboCup 2010 SPL Rules
| Year | Robots | Team size | Field Size | Walls | Beacons |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | AIBO ERS-110 | 3 | 180cm × 280cm | Yes | 6 |
| 2000 | AIBO ERS-110 | 3 | 180cm × 280cm | Yes | 6 |
| 2001 | AIBO ERS-210 | 3 | 180cm × 280cm | Yes | 6 |
| 2002 | AIBO ERS-210 | 4 | 270cm × 420cm | Yes | 6 |
| 2003 | AIBO ERS-210A SuperCore | 4 | 270cm × 420cm | Yes | 6 |
| 2004 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 270cm × 420cm | Yes | 4 |
| 2005 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400cm x 600cm | No | 4 |
| 2006 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400cm x 600cm | No | 4 |
| 2007 | AIBO ERS-7 | 4 | 400cm x 600cm | No | 4 |
| 2008 | AIBO ERS-7 | 5 | 400cm x 600cm | No | ? |
| 2008 | NAO V2 | 2 | 440cm x 680cm | No | 0 |
| 2009 | NAO V3 | 3 | 540cm x 740cm | No | 0 |
| 2010 | NAO V3 Plus | 3 | 540cm x 740cm | No | 0 |
| 2011 | Nao V3.3 | 4 | 540cm x 740cm | No | 0 |
| 2012 | Nao 4 (TBC) | TBA | TBA | No | 0 |
Robots
1999-2008 Sony AIBO.2008–Present Aldebaran Robotics humanoid NAO robots
Nao (robot)
Nao is an autonomous, programmable, medium-sized humanoid robot, developed by Aldebaran Robotics, a French startup company headquartered in Paris. Project Nao was launched in 2004. On August 15, 2007, Nao replaced Sony's robot dog Aibo as the robot used in the Robot Soccer World Cup Standard...
.
Technologies
Control of the robots relies on several areas of robotics, including- Adaptive controlAdaptive controlAdaptive control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled system with parameters which vary, or are initially uncertain. For example, as an aircraft flies, its mass will slowly decrease as a result of fuel consumption; a control law is needed that adapts itself...
- Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
- BayesianBayesianBayesian refers to methods in probability and statistics named after the Reverend Thomas Bayes , in particular methods related to statistical inference:...
Learning - ClassificationClassificationClassification may refer to:* Library classification and classification in general* Taxonomic classification * Biological classification of organisms* Medical classification* Scientific classification...
and ClusteringClusteringClustering can refer to the following:In demographics:* Clustering , the gathering of various populations based on factors such as ethnicity, economics or religion.In graph theory:... - Computational NeuroscienceComputational neuroscienceComputational neuroscience is the study of brain function in terms of the information processing properties of the structures that make up the nervous system...
- Data MiningData miningData mining , a relatively young and interdisciplinary field of computer science is the process of discovering new patterns from large data sets involving methods at the intersection of artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics and database systems...
Techniques - Digital ControlDigital controlDigital control is a branch of control theory that uses digital computers to act as system controllers.Depending on the requirements, a digital control system can take the form of a microcontroller to an ASIC to a standard desktop computer....
- Digital Image ProcessingDigital image processingDigital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing...
- Dimension reduction
- Evolutionary ComputationEvolutionary computationIn computer science, evolutionary computation is a subfield of artificial intelligence that involves combinatorial optimization problems....
- Kalman FilterKalman filterIn statistics, the Kalman filter is a mathematical method named after Rudolf E. Kálmán. Its purpose is to use measurements observed over time, containing noise and other inaccuracies, and produce values that tend to be closer to the true values of the measurements and their associated calculated...
, Extended Kalman FilterExtended Kalman filterIn estimation theory, the extended Kalman filter is the nonlinear version of the Kalman filter which linearizes about the current mean and covariance... - Flexible Distribution functionDistribution functionIn molecular kinetic theory in physics, a particle's distribution function is a function of seven variables, f, which gives the number of particles per unit volume in phase space. It is the number of particles per unit volume having approximately the velocity near the place and time...
s - Feedback Control and Regulation
- Manifold learning
- Motor ControlMotor controlMotor control are information processing related activities carried out by the central nervous system that organize the musculoskeletal system to create coordinated movements and skilled actions...
and Legged Locomotion - Neural NetworksNeural NetworksNeural Networks is the official journal of the three oldest societies dedicated to research in neural networks: International Neural Network Society, European Neural Network Society and Japanese Neural Network Society, published by Elsevier...
- Reinforcement LearningReinforcement learningInspired by behaviorist psychology, reinforcement learning is an area of machine learning in computer science, concerned with how an agent ought to take actions in an environment so as to maximize some notion of cumulative reward...
- Robot Programming
- Software EngineeringSoftware engineeringSoftware Engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software...
- Support Vector Machines
- Machine visionMachine visionMachine vision is the process of applying a range of technologies and methods to provide imaging-based automatic inspection, process control and robot guidance in industrial applications. While the scope of MV is broad and a comprehensive definition is difficult to distil, a "generally accepted...
External links
- rUNSWift
- Northern Bites
- UT Austin Villa
- Nao-Team HTWK
- Austrian-Kangaroos
- NimbRo
- CMurfs - Carnegie Mellon University
- Cerberus - Bogazici University
- UTS Unleashed! - University of Technology, Sydney
- WrightEagle Unleashed! - University of Technology, Sydney and University of Science and Technology China
- B-Human
- NUBots
- NaoTH - Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
- Nao Devils - TU Dortmund University