Roman Crimea
Encyclopedia
Roman Crimea is the area of actual Crimea
that was under control of the Roman Empire
and mostly coincided with the Bosporan Kingdom
. For nearly five centuries it was a Roman "Client State", but under emperor Nero
it was briefly an area of the Roman Province of Moesia
inferior (from 62 to 68).
Indeed, in ancient times Crimea was known as "Chersonesus Taurica", from the name of a tribe, the Tauri, who were descendants of the Cimmerians
. Many Greek colonists settled in Taurica: their most renowned colony was Chersonesos. In 114 BC the "Bosporus kingdom" accepted the overlordship of Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, as a protection from tribes of Scythians. For nearly five centuries after the defeat of Mithridates by the Roman Pompey
, Crimea was under the suzerainty of Rome.
The main Roman settlement was Charax
, a castrum probably built around 60-65, and the main naval Roman base was in Chersonesos.
When the Romans arrived to Taurica, they set up their camp and built a fortress and a temple of Jupiter Dolichenus on the coast of the harbor of actual Balaklava
, then called Symbolon Limen.
Tiberius Julius Aspurgus
(8 BC - 38) founded a line of Bosporan Kings which endured with certain interruptions until 341. Originally called Aspurgus, he adopted the Roman names "Tiberius Julius" because he received Roman citizenship
and enjoyed the patronage of the first two Roman Emperor
s, Augustus
and Tiberius
. All of the following kings adopted these two Roman names followed by a third name, mostly of Pontic
, Thracian
or Sarmatian
origin. Bosporan kings struck coinage throughout the kingdom period, which included gold stater
s bearing portraits of the respective Roman Emperors.
Emperor Nero
prepared in 67 a military expedition: he wanted to conquer for Rome all the northern shores of the Black sea
from actual Georgia-Azerbaijan to what is now Romania-Moldavia, but his death stopped it. For this reason he probably put Taurica under direct roman rule and created the Charax castrum. He extended the Roman province of Lower Moesia to Tyras
, Olbia and Taurica (the peninsula of Crimea).
Taurica enjoyed a relative golden period under Roman leadership during the 2nd century CE, with huge commerce of wheat, clothing, wine and slaves.
The region was temporarily conquered by the Goths
in 250, but the Byzantine Empire
took again control of the region under Justinian I
.
In the 6th century, probably at the end of the reign of Justinian I, the status of Roman Crimea changed. Taurica became the Province of Chersonesos, which also included Bosporos and the southern coast of Crimea.
This enlargement of Byzantine Taurica resulted in the elevation of the ranks of its governors. In the second half of the 6th century the military and civil authorities in the region were entrusted to the military deputy, "doux Chersonos".
Furthermore, the city of Chersonnesos was used by the Romans as a place of banishment: St. Clement of Rome was exiled hither and first preached to Gospel; another exile was Justinian II
, who is said to have destroyed the city in revenge.
Most of Roman Crimea fell under Khazar overlordship in the late 7th century.
In the mid-eight century the rebellious Crimean Goths
were put down by the Khazars and their city, Doros
(modern Mangup) occupied. A Khazar "tudun" (ruler) was resident at Chersonesos already in 690, despite the fact that this town was nominally subject to the Byzantine Empire
.
Anyway, the Byzantine emperors controlled the southern shores of the Crimea peninsula until the 13th century.
We have a considerable series of Roman coins from the 1st century BC to about 300, and also some of the Byzantine date.
in Crimea
was Charax It was sited on a four-hectare area at the western ridge of "Ai Todor", close to the modern Yalta
castle of Swallow's Nest
.
When in AD 62-66 the Roman garrisons were installed in Taurica, Charax became one of their strongholds. The Romans built there a fortress and stationeed a sub-unit (vexillatio) of "Ravenna squadron". Charax was a very important strategically point, because it allowed the Romans to establish control over the navigation along the Crimean coast.
The military camp
was fully developed under Vespasian
with the intention of protecting Chersonesos and other Bosporean trade emporiums from the Scythians. By the end of the 1st century, the Roman forces were evacuated from the Crimea peninsula.
Several decades later the camp was restored by a vexillatio
of the Legio I Italica
: it hosted a detachment of the Legio XI Claudia
at the end of the 2nd century. In this century new stone walls were added to the fortress and a new Roman road was built, connecting Charax to Chersonesos.
The camp was abandoned by the Romans at the end of the 3rd century.
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
that was under control of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
and mostly coincided with the Bosporan Kingdom
Bosporan Kingdom
The Bosporan Kingdom or the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus was an ancient state, located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus...
. For nearly five centuries it was a Roman "Client State", but under emperor Nero
Nero
Nero , was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death....
it was briefly an area of the Roman Province of Moesia
Moesia
Moesia was an ancient region and later Roman province situated in the Balkans, along the south bank of the Danube River. It included territories of modern-day Southern Serbia , Northern Republic of Macedonia, Northern Bulgaria, Romanian Dobrudja, Southern Moldova, and Budjak .-History:In ancient...
inferior (from 62 to 68).
History
Rome started to dominate the Crimea peninsula (then called Taurica) in the 1st century BCE. The initial area of their penetration was mainly in eastern Crimea (Bosporus kingdom) and in the western Greek city of Chersonesos. The mountain section of internal Crimea was only nominally under Roman rule.Indeed, in ancient times Crimea was known as "Chersonesus Taurica", from the name of a tribe, the Tauri, who were descendants of the Cimmerians
Cimmerians
The Cimmerians or Kimmerians were ancient equestrian nomads of Indo-European origin.According to the Greek historian Herodotus, of the 5th century BC, the Cimmerians inhabited the region north of the Caucasus and the Black Sea during the 8th and 7th centuries BC, in what is now Ukraine and Russia...
. Many Greek colonists settled in Taurica: their most renowned colony was Chersonesos. In 114 BC the "Bosporus kingdom" accepted the overlordship of Mithridates VI Eupator, king of Pontus, as a protection from tribes of Scythians. For nearly five centuries after the defeat of Mithridates by the Roman Pompey
Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great , was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic...
, Crimea was under the suzerainty of Rome.
The main Roman settlement was Charax
Charax, Crimea
Charax is the largest Roman military settlement excavated in the Crimea. It was sited on a four-hectare area at the western ridge of Ai-Todor, close to the modern tourist attraction of Swallow's Nest.-The Camp:...
, a castrum probably built around 60-65, and the main naval Roman base was in Chersonesos.
When the Romans arrived to Taurica, they set up their camp and built a fortress and a temple of Jupiter Dolichenus on the coast of the harbor of actual Balaklava
Balaklava
Balaklava is a former city on the Crimean peninsula and part of the city of Sevastopol which carries a special administrative status in Ukraine. It was a city in its own right until 1957 when it was formally incorporated into the municipal borders of Sevastopol by the Soviet government...
, then called Symbolon Limen.
Tiberius Julius Aspurgus
Tiberius Julius Aspurgus
Tiberius Julius Aspurgus Philoromaios was a Prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.The name Aspurgus is a name of Iranian origin. His name goes back to the Iranian words aspa and aspabara . Aspurgus was a monarch of Greek and Iranian ancestry.Aspurgus was the son born to the ruling...
(8 BC - 38) founded a line of Bosporan Kings which endured with certain interruptions until 341. Originally called Aspurgus, he adopted the Roman names "Tiberius Julius" because he received Roman citizenship
Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome was a privileged political and legal status afforded to certain free-born individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance....
and enjoyed the patronage of the first two Roman Emperor
Roman Emperor
The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office although at any given time, a given title was associated with the emperor...
s, Augustus
Augustus
Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
and Tiberius
Tiberius
Tiberius , was Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. His mother divorced Nero and married Augustus in 39 BC, making him a step-son of Octavian...
. All of the following kings adopted these two Roman names followed by a third name, mostly of Pontic
Pontus
Pontus or Pontos is a historical Greek designation for a region on the southern coast of the Black Sea, located in modern-day northeastern Turkey. The name was applied to the coastal region in antiquity by the Greeks who colonized the area, and derived from the Greek name of the Black Sea: Πόντος...
, Thracian
Thracian language
The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times in Southeastern Europe by the Thracians, the northern neighbors of the Ancient Greeks. The Thracian language exhibits satemization: it either belonged to the Satem group of Indo-European languages or it was strongly...
or Sarmatian
Sarmatians
The Iron Age Sarmatians were an Iranian people in Classical Antiquity, flourishing from about the 5th century BC to the 4th century AD....
origin. Bosporan kings struck coinage throughout the kingdom period, which included gold stater
Stater
The stater was an ancient coin used in various regions of Greece.-History:The stater is mostly of Macedonian origin. Celtic tribes brought it in to Europe after using it as mercenaries in north Greece. It circulated from the 8th century BC to 50 AD...
s bearing portraits of the respective Roman Emperors.
Emperor Nero
Nero
Nero , was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, and succeeded to the throne in 54 following Claudius' death....
prepared in 67 a military expedition: he wanted to conquer for Rome all the northern shores of the Black sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
from actual Georgia-Azerbaijan to what is now Romania-Moldavia, but his death stopped it. For this reason he probably put Taurica under direct roman rule and created the Charax castrum. He extended the Roman province of Lower Moesia to Tyras
Tyras
Tyras , was an ancient Greek city founded as colony of Miletus, probably about 600 BC, situated some 10 m from the mouth of the Tyras River...
, Olbia and Taurica (the peninsula of Crimea).
Taurica enjoyed a relative golden period under Roman leadership during the 2nd century CE, with huge commerce of wheat, clothing, wine and slaves.
The region was temporarily conquered by the Goths
Goths
The Goths were an East Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin whose two branches, the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, played an important role in the fall of the Roman Empire and the emergence of Medieval Europe....
in 250, but the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
took again control of the region under Justinian I
Justinian I
Justinian I ; , ; 483– 13 or 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.One of the most important figures of...
.
This enlargement of Byzantine Taurica resulted in the elevation of the ranks of its governors. In the second half of the 6th century the military and civil authorities in the region were entrusted to the military deputy, "doux Chersonos".
Furthermore, the city of Chersonnesos was used by the Romans as a place of banishment: St. Clement of Rome was exiled hither and first preached to Gospel; another exile was Justinian II
Justinian II
Justinian II , surnamed the Rhinotmetos or Rhinotmetus , was the last Byzantine Emperor of the Heraclian Dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711...
, who is said to have destroyed the city in revenge.
Most of Roman Crimea fell under Khazar overlordship in the late 7th century.
In the mid-eight century the rebellious Crimean Goths
Crimean Goths
Crimean Goths were those Gothic tribes who remained in the lands around the Black Sea, especially in Crimea. They were the least-powerful, least-known, and almost paradoxically, the longest-lasting of the Gothic communities...
were put down by the Khazars and their city, Doros
Doros
Doros can refer to*Doros, Cyprus, a village in Limassol District*Doros, the medieval name for Mangup, Ukraine*Doros , a genus of the fly in family hoverfly...
(modern Mangup) occupied. A Khazar "tudun" (ruler) was resident at Chersonesos already in 690, despite the fact that this town was nominally subject to the Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
.
Anyway, the Byzantine emperors controlled the southern shores of the Crimea peninsula until the 13th century.
We have a considerable series of Roman coins from the 1st century BC to about 300, and also some of the Byzantine date.
Charax
The largest Roman military settlementCastra
The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military defensive position. The word appears in both Oscan and Umbrian as well as in Latin. It may have descended from Indo-European to Italic...
in Crimea
Taurica
Taurica, Tauric Chersonese, and Taurida were names by which the territory of Crimea was known to the Greeks and Romans.- Etymology of the name :...
was Charax It was sited on a four-hectare area at the western ridge of "Ai Todor", close to the modern Yalta
Yalta
Yalta is a city in Crimea, southern Ukraine, on the north coast of the Black Sea.The city is located on the site of an ancient Greek colony, said to have been founded by Greek sailors who were looking for a safe shore on which to land. It is situated on a deep bay facing south towards the Black...
castle of Swallow's Nest
Swallow's Nest (Crimea)
The Swallow's Nest is a decorative castle near Yalta on the Crimean peninsula in southern Ukraine. It was built between 1911 and 1912 near Gaspra, on top of 40-metre high Aurora Cliff, to a Neo-Gothic design by the Russian architect Leonid Sherwood. The castle overlooks the Cape of Ai-Todor of...
.
When in AD 62-66 the Roman garrisons were installed in Taurica, Charax became one of their strongholds. The Romans built there a fortress and stationeed a sub-unit (vexillatio) of "Ravenna squadron". Charax was a very important strategically point, because it allowed the Romans to establish control over the navigation along the Crimean coast.
The military camp
Military camp
A military camp or bivouac is a semi-permanent facility for the lodging of an army. Camps are erected when a military force travels away from a major installation or fort during training or operations, and often have the form of large campsites. In the Roman era the military camp had highly...
was fully developed under Vespasian
Vespasian
Vespasian , was Roman Emperor from 69 AD to 79 AD. Vespasian was the founder of the Flavian dynasty, which ruled the Empire for a quarter century. Vespasian was descended from a family of equestrians, who rose into the senatorial rank under the Emperors of the Julio-Claudian dynasty...
with the intention of protecting Chersonesos and other Bosporean trade emporiums from the Scythians. By the end of the 1st century, the Roman forces were evacuated from the Crimea peninsula.
Several decades later the camp was restored by a vexillatio
Vexillatio
A vexillatio was a detachment of a Roman legion formed as a temporary task force created by the Roman Army of the Principate. It was named from the standards carried by legionary detachments, vexillum , which bore the emblem and name of the parent legion...
of the Legio I Italica
Legio I Italica
Legio prima Italica was a Roman legion levied by emperor Nero on September 22, 66 . There are still records of the I Italica in the Danube border in the beginning of the 5th century...
: it hosted a detachment of the Legio XI Claudia
Legio XI Claudia
Legio undecima Claudia was a Roman legion. XI Claudia dates back to the two legions recruited by Julius Caesar to invade Gallia in 58 BC, and it existed at least until early 5th century, guarding lower Danube in Durostorum...
at the end of the 2nd century. In this century new stone walls were added to the fortress and a new Roman road was built, connecting Charax to Chersonesos.
The camp was abandoned by the Romans at the end of the 3rd century.
Roman Client Kings
These are the Roman client kings of the Bosporan Kingdom:- PharnacesPharnaces II of PontusPharnaces II of Pontus, also known as Pharnaces II was a prince, then King of Pontus and the Bosporan until his death. He was a monarch of Persian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. Pharnaces II was the youngest son and child born to King Mithridates VI of Pontus from his first wife, his sister Queen...
64 BC64 BCYear 64 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Figulus...
- 47 BC47 BCYear 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Calenius and Vatinius... - Mithridates IMithridates I of the BosporusMithridates I of the Bosporus sometimes known as Mithridates II of the Bosporan and Mithridates of Pergamon , was a nobleman from Anatolia. Mithridates was one of the sons born to King Mithridates VI of Pontus from his mistress, the Galatian Celtic Princess Adobogiona. He also had a full blooded...
47 BC - 44 BC44 BCYear 44 BC was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Friday or Saturday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar... - AsanderAsander (Bosporan King)Asander named Philocaesar Philoromaios was an aristocrat and a man of high rank of the Bosporan Kingdom.Asander was of Greek and possibly of Persian ancestry. There is not much is known on his family and early life. He started his political and military career as a general under Pharnaces II, King...
47 BC47 BCYear 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Calenius and Vatinius...
, then 44 BC - 17 BC17 BCYear 17 BCE was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar... - ScriboniusScriboniusScribonius or Scribonia is the nomen of the gens Scribonia of Ancient Roman, who lived during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire. They were of plebeian status and members included:-Men of the gens:*Gaius Scribonius Curio, consul 76 BC...
17 BC17 BCYear 17 BCE was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
- 16 BC16 BCYear 16 BC was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar... - DynamisDynamis (Bosporan queen)Dynamis named Philoromaios was a Roman Client Queen of the Bosporan Kingdom during the Roman Republic and the reign of the first Roman Emperor Augustus.-Life:...
with Asander 47 BC47 BCYear 47 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Calenius and Vatinius...
, then 44 BC - 17 BC17 BCYear 17 BCE was either a common year starting on Sunday or Monday or a leap year starting on Saturday, Sunday or Monday of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
, then with Polemon from 16 BC until her death in 14 BC - PolemonPolemon I of PontusPolemon Pythodoros, also known as Polemon I or Polemon I of Pontus was the Roman Client King of Cilicia, Pontus, Colchis and the Bosporan Kingdom....
16 BC16 BCYear 16 BC was either a common year starting on Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday or a leap year starting on Monday or Tuesday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
- 8 BC8 BCYear 8 BC was either a common year starting on Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar... - AspurgusTiberius Julius AspurgusTiberius Julius Aspurgus Philoromaios was a Prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.The name Aspurgus is a name of Iranian origin. His name goes back to the Iranian words aspa and aspabara . Aspurgus was a monarch of Greek and Iranian ancestry.Aspurgus was the son born to the ruling...
8 BC8 BCYear 8 BC was either a common year starting on Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
- 3838Year 38 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Iulianus and Asprenas... - Mithridates IITiberius Julius MithridatesTiberius Julius Mithridates Philogermanicus Philopatris, sometimes known as Mithridates III of the Bosporan was a Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
3838Year 38 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Iulianus and Asprenas...
- 4646Year 46 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asiaticus and Silanus... - Cotys ITiberius Julius Cotys ITiberius Julius Cotys I Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Cotys I or Kotys I was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
4646Year 46 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asiaticus and Silanus...
- 6363Year 63 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Regulus and Rufus... - Roman Province 6363Year 63 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Regulus and Rufus...
- 6868Year 68 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asconius and Thraculus... - Rhescuporis ITiberius Julius Rhescuporis ITiberius Julius Rhescuporis I Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Rhescuporis I was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
6868Year 68 was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Asconius and Thraculus...
- 9090Year 90 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Nerva... - Sauromates ITiberius Julius Sauromates ITiberius Julius Sauromates I Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Sauromates I was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
9090Year 90 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Nerva...
- 123123Year 123 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paetinus and Apronianus... - Cotys IITiberius Julius Cotys IITiberius Julius Cotys II Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Cotys II or Kotys II was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
123123Year 123 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Paetinus and Apronianus...
- 132132Year 132 was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Serius and Sergianus... - RhoemetalcesTiberius Julius RhoemetalcesTiberius Julius Rhoemetalces Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Rhoemetalces or Rhoimetalces was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
132132Year 132 was a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Serius and Sergianus...
- 153153Year 153 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rusticus and Rufinus... - EupatorTiberius Julius EupatorTiberius Julius Eupator Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Eupator was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
153153Year 153 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rusticus and Rufinus...
- 174174Year 174 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallus and Flaccus... - Sauromates IITiberius Julius Sauromates IITiberius Julius Sauromates II Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Sauromates II was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
174174Year 174 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gallus and Flaccus...
- 210210Year 210 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Faustinus and Rufinus...
/1211Year 211 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Terentius and Bassus... - Rhescuporis IITiberius Julius Rhescuporis IITiberius Julius Rhescuporis II Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Rhescuporis II was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
210210Year 210 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Faustinus and Rufinus...
/1211Year 211 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Terentius and Bassus...
- 227227Year 227 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Senecio and Fulvius... - Rhescuporis IIITiberius Julius Rhescuporis IIITiberius Julius Rhescuporis III Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Rhescuporis III was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
210210Year 210 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Faustinus and Rufinus...
/1211Year 211 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Terentius and Bassus...
- 227227Year 227 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Senecio and Fulvius... - Cotys IIITiberius Julius Cotys IIITiberius Julius Cotys III Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Cotys III or Kotys III was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
227227Year 227 was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Senecio and Fulvius...
- 235235Year 235 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Quintianus... - Sauromates IIITiberius Julius Sauromates IIITiberius Julius Sauromates III, sometimes known as Sauromates III was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.Sauromates III was the first-born son to the Bosporan King Cotys III and his mother was an unnamed Sarmatian noble woman. He was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry. His...
229229Year 229 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Cassius...
- 232232Year 232 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lupus and Maximus... - Rhescuporis IVTiberius Julius Rhescuporis IVTiberius Julius Rhescuporis IV, also known as Rhescuporis IV was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.Rhescuporis IV was the second born son to the Bosporan King Cotys III and his mother was an unnamed Sarmatian noble woman. He was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry. He had two...
233233Year 233 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Claudius and Paternus...
- 235235Year 235 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Quintianus... - IninthimeusTiberius Julius IninthimeusTiberius Julius Ininthimeus Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Ininthimaeus, Ininthimeus or Inithimeus was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
235235Year 235 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Quintianus...
- 240240Year 240 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Venustus... - Rhescuporis VTiberius Julius Rhescuporis VTiberius Julius Rhescuporis V Philocaesar Philoromaios Eusebes, also known as Rhescuporis V was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
240240Year 240 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Sabinus and Venustus...
- 276276Year 276 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tacitus and Aemilianus... - PharsanzesTiberius Julius PharsanzesTiberius Julius Pharsanzes, also known as Pharsanzes was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.Pharsanzes was the first born son to the Bosporan King Rhescuporis V and his mother was an unnamed woman. He was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry...
253253Year 253 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Volusianus and Claudius...
- 254254Year 254 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerianus and Gallienus... - SyngesTiberius Julius SyngesTiberius Julius Synges, also known as Synges was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
258258Year 258 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tuscus and Bassus...
- 276276Year 276 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tacitus and Aemilianus... - TeiranesTiberius Julius TeiranesTiberius Julius Teiranes, possibly known as Gaius Julius Teiranes or Teiranes was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom....
275275Year 275 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelianus and Marcellinus...
- 279279Year 279 was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Probus and Paternus... - Sauromates IVTiberius Julius Sauromates IVTiberius Julius Sauromates IV, also known as Sauromates IV was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.Sauromates IV was the first born son to the Bosporan King Teiranes and an unnamed mother. His younger brother was prince Theothorses and was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry...
276276Year 276 was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tacitus and Aemilianus... - TheothorsesTiberius Julius TheothorsesTiberius Julius Theothorses, also known as Thothorses or Fophors was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.Theothorses was the second-born son to the Bosporan King Teiranes and his mother was an unnamed woman. He was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry...
278278Year 278 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Probus and Lupus...
- 309309Year 309 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Licinianus and Constantius... - Rhescuporis VITiberius Julius Rhescuporis VITiberius Julius Rhescuporis VI, sometimes known as Rhescuporis VI was a prince and the last Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.Rhescuporis VI was the first born son to the Bosporan King Theothorses and his mother was an unnamed woman. He was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry. His younger...
303303Year 303 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerius and Valerius...
- 342342Year 342 was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Constantius and Claudius... - RhadamsadesTiberius Julius RhadamsadesTiberius Julius Rhadamsades, sometimes known as Rhadamsades was a prince and Roman Client King of the Bosporan Kingdom.Rhadamsades was the second born son to the Bosporan King Theothorses and an unnamed woman. He was of Greek, Iranian and Roman ancestry. His eldest brother was prince Rhescuporis...
308308Year 308 was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Valerius and Valerius...
- 323323Year 323 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Rufinus...
See also
- Bosporan KingdomBosporan KingdomThe Bosporan Kingdom or the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus was an ancient state, located in eastern Crimea and the Taman Peninsula on the shores of the Cimmerian Bosporus...
- Strait of KerchStrait of KerchThe Kerch Strait connects the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Kerch Peninsula in the west from the Taman Peninsula in the east. The strait is to wide and up to deep....
- Roman EmpireRoman EmpireThe Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
- CharaxCharax, CrimeaCharax is the largest Roman military settlement excavated in the Crimea. It was sited on a four-hectare area at the western ridge of Ai-Todor, close to the modern tourist attraction of Swallow's Nest.-The Camp:...
- TauricaTauricaTaurica, Tauric Chersonese, and Taurida were names by which the territory of Crimea was known to the Greeks and Romans.- Etymology of the name :...
- List of Kings of Cimmerian Bosporus