Rosidae
Encyclopedia
Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN), Rosidae is a botanical name
at the rank
of subclass. Circumscription
of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family
Rosaceae
.
Under Phylocode
, Rosidae is a clade
defined as the most inclusive crown clade containing Rosa cinnamomea, but not Berberidopsis corallina
nor Dillenia indica
nor Gunnera manicata
nor Helianthus annuus nor Saxifraga mertensiana
nor Stellaria media nor Viscum album
.
A well-known example of Rosidae as governed by the ICBN is in the Cronquist system
. In the 1981, original, version of that system, the circumscription was as follows.
The Phylocode definition includes Crossosomatales
, Geraniales
, Myrtales
, Fabidae (Celastrales
, Cucurbitales
, Fabales
, Fagales
, Huaceae
, Oxalidales
, Malpighiales
, Rosales
and Zygophyllales
), Malvidae (Brassicales
, Huerteales
, Malvales
, and Sapindales
) as they are defined in the APG III system
. This definition was formulated in 2007, and is agnostic on the inclusion or exclusion of Picramniales and Vitales. Since 2007, the phylogenetic positions
of Picramniales and Vitales have been clarified. The position of Picramniales as sister to Malvidae sensu stricto requires it to be included among the rosids. Vitales is sister to the clade of all that must be included in the rosids and its inclusion is optional. In APG III, it was included.
There is considerable overlap between the two definitions. Some apparent differences are the result of more broadly drawn orders in the second. Apiales, Cornales, Proteales and Santalales, and parts of Rafflesiales (sensu Cronquist) are excluded from the second, and many groups from Cronquist's Hamamelidae and Dillenidae are included.
In both senses, the term "rosid
" applies, as an adjective and noun, to members of the group. In the APG III system, which eschewed formal botanical name
s between the ranks of class
and order
, the term "rosids" is used to define an informal clade corresponding to Rosidae as defined in the Phylocode.
Botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...
at the rank
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
of subclass. Circumscription
Circumscription (taxonomy)
In taxonomy, circumscription is the definition of the limits of a taxonomic group of organisms. One goal of taxonomy is to achieve a stable circumscription for every taxonomic group. Achieving stability can be simple or difficult....
of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Rosaceae
Rosaceae
Rosaceae are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla , Sorbus , Crataegus , Cotoneaster , and Rubus...
.
Under Phylocode
PhyloCode
The International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature, known as the PhyloCode for short, is a developing draft for a formal set of rules governing phylogenetic nomenclature...
, Rosidae is a clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
defined as the most inclusive crown clade containing Rosa cinnamomea, but not Berberidopsis corallina
Berberidopsis corallina
Berberidopsis corallina is a species of ornamental plant.-External links:* Pictures and information of in wild* *...
nor Dillenia indica
Dillenia indica
Dillenia indica is a species of Dillenia native to southeastern Asia, from India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka east to southwestern China and Vietnam, and south through Thailand to Malaysia and Indonesia....
nor Gunnera manicata
Gunnera manicata
Gunnera manicata, or giant rhubarb, a native of Brazil, is an ornamental plant in the Gunneraceae family.The underside of the leaf and the whole stalk have spikes on them. The leaves of Gunnera grow to an impressive size...
nor Helianthus annuus nor Saxifraga mertensiana
Saxifraga mertensiana
Saxifraga mertensiana is a species of plant in the Saxifragaceae family. It is native to western North America.-External links:* Accessed 2008-06-28.****...
nor Stellaria media nor Viscum album
Viscum album
Viscum album is a species of mistletoe, the species originally so-named, and also known as European Mistletoe or Common Mistletoe to distinguish it from other related species...
.
A well-known example of Rosidae as governed by the ICBN is in the Cronquist system
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system is a taxonomic classification system of flowering plants. It was developed by Arthur Cronquist in his texts An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants and The Evolution and Classification of Flowering Plants .Cronquist's system places flowering plants into two...
. In the 1981, original, version of that system, the circumscription was as follows.
- subclass Rosidae
- order RosalesRosalesRosales is an order of flowering plants. It is one of the four orders in the nitrogen fixing clade of the fabids and is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprises nine families, the type family...
- order FabalesFabalesFabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system...
- order ProtealesProtealesProteales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by almost all taxonomists.-Families:The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes this order, and places it in the clade eudicots with this circumscription:...
- order MyrtalesMyrtalesThe Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons...
- order Rhizophorales
- order CornalesCornalesCornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries...
- order Santalales
SantalalesSantalales is an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions.Most have seeds without a testa, which is unusual for flowering plants...- order Rafflesiales
RafflesialesRafflesiales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The name was first published by Oliver in 1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription :...- order Celastrales
CelastralesCelastrales is an order of flowering plants. They are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. There are about 1200 to 1350 species in about 100 genera. All but 7 of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae...- order Euphorbiales
EuphorbialesEuphorbiales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists.In the APG II system the plants involved are placed in order Malpighiales...- order Rhamnales
RhamnalesThe Rhamnales are an order of dicotyledon plants. In the Cronquist system, the following families were placed here:* Family Elaeagnaceae – * Family Leeaceae* Family Rhamnaceae * Family Vitaceae...- order Linales
LinalesLinales is a botanical name of an order of flowering plants. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription :* order Linales*: family Erythroxylaceae...- order Polygalales
- order Sapindales
SapindalesSapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem....- order Geraniales
GeranialesGeraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes some small families, contributing together another less than 40 species...- order Apiales
ApialesThe Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided... - order Rosales
The Phylocode definition includes Crossosomatales
Crossosomatales
The Crossosomatales are an order, newly recognized by the AGP II, of flowering plants, included within the Rosids, which are part of the eudicots...
, Geraniales
Geraniales
Geraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes some small families, contributing together another less than 40 species...
, Myrtales
Myrtales
The Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons...
, Fabidae (Celastrales
Celastrales
Celastrales is an order of flowering plants. They are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. There are about 1200 to 1350 species in about 100 genera. All but 7 of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae...
, Cucurbitales
Cucurbitales
The Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropic and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers...
, Fabales
Fabales
Fabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system...
, Fagales
Fagales
The Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons...
, Huaceae
Huaceae
Huaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system places it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 placed it within the Oxalidales. It contains the following...
, Oxalidales
Oxalidales
The Oxalidales are an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of eudicots. The following families are typically placed here:* Family Brunelliaceae* Family Cephalotaceae * Family Connaraceae...
, Malpighiales
Malpighiales
Malpighiales is one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 16000 species, approximately 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse and hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems that are based only on...
, Rosales
Rosales
Rosales is an order of flowering plants. It is one of the four orders in the nitrogen fixing clade of the fabids and is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprises nine families, the type family...
and Zygophyllales
Zygophyllales
The Zygophyllales are an order of dicotyledon plants, comprising the following two families:* Family Zygophyllaceae* Family KrameriaceaeAccording to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group both families are unplaced to order, but nevertheless included in the Eurosids I. The APG III system of 2009, however,...
), Malvidae (Brassicales
Brassicales
The Brassicales are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate compounds...
, Huerteales
Huerteales
Huerteales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It is one of the 17 orders that make up the large eudicot group known as the rosids in the APG III system of plant classification. Within the rosids, it is one of the orders in Malvidae, a group formerly known as eurosids II and...
, Malvales
Malvales
Malvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots....
, and Sapindales
Sapindales
Sapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem....
) as they are defined in the APG III system
APG III system
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy...
. This definition was formulated in 2007, and is agnostic on the inclusion or exclusion of Picramniales and Vitales. Since 2007, the phylogenetic positions
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics...
of Picramniales and Vitales have been clarified. The position of Picramniales as sister to Malvidae sensu stricto requires it to be included among the rosids. Vitales is sister to the clade of all that must be included in the rosids and its inclusion is optional. In APG III, it was included.
There is considerable overlap between the two definitions. Some apparent differences are the result of more broadly drawn orders in the second. Apiales, Cornales, Proteales and Santalales, and parts of Rafflesiales (sensu Cronquist) are excluded from the second, and many groups from Cronquist's Hamamelidae and Dillenidae are included.
In both senses, the term "rosid
Rosids
The rosids are members of a large clade of flowering plants, containing about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. The clade is divided into 16 to 20 orders, depending upon circumscription and classification. These orders, in turn, together comprise about 140 families...
" applies, as an adjective and noun, to members of the group. In the APG III system, which eschewed formal botanical name
Botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...
s between the ranks of class
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order...
and order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...
, the term "rosids" is used to define an informal clade corresponding to Rosidae as defined in the Phylocode.
External links
- Rosidae at the TAMU Lab
- Electronic Supplement to Cantino et alii