APG III system
Encyclopedia
The APG III system of flowering plant classification is the third version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy. The system was published in 2009 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
, 6½ years after its predecessor the APG II system
was published, and 11 years after the intital APG system
was published in 1998.
Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
. The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants
(embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy
for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisitopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses (including the Magnoliidae
, containing all flowering plants) and a multitude of superorders. The second, by Haston et al., was a linear sequence of families following the APG III system (LAPG III). This provided a numbered list to all of the 413 currently accepted families, of particular use to herbarium
curators and those working on floristic
works wishing to arrange their taxa according to APG III.
* = new family placement;
† = newly recognized order for the APG system;
§ = new family circumscription described in the text;
$ = families that represent the broader circumscription of options available in APG II and favoured here;
$$ = families that were in square brackets in APG II, the narrower circumscriptions favoured here.
Commelinids
Probable sister of eudicots
Eudicots
Rosids
Asterids
for the angiosperms which included all of the 59 orders and 4 of the unplaced families. The systematic
positions
of the other 6 unplaced families was so uncertain that they could not be placed in any of the polytomies
in the tree. They are shown in the classification table entitled "Detailed version" above.
The phylogenetic tree shown below was published with the APG III system, but without some of the labels that are added here.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to an informal international group of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus on the taxonomy of flowering plants that would reflect new knowledge about plant relationships discovered through phylogenetic studies., three...
, 6½ years after its predecessor the APG II system
APG II system
The APG II system of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009...
was published, and 11 years after the intital APG system
APG system
The APG system of plant classification is the first, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was superseded in 2003 by a revision, the APG II system, and then in 2009 by a further...
was published in 1998.
Along with the publication outlining the new system, there were two accompanying publications in the same issue of the Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
The Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society is a scientific journal publishing original papers relating to the taxonomy of all plant groups and fungi, including anatomy, biosystematics, cytology, ecology, ethnobotany, electron microscopy, morphogenesis, palaeobotany, palynology and...
. The first, by Chase & Reveal, was a formal phylogenetic classification of all land plants
Embryophyte
The land plants or embryophytes, more formally Embryophyta or Metaphyta, are the most familiar group of plants. They are called 'land plants' because they live primarily in terrestrial habitats, in contrast with the related green algae that are primarily aquatic. The embryophytes include trees,...
(embryophytes), compatible with the APG III classification. As the APG have chosen to eschew ranks above order, this paper was meant to fit the system into the existing Linnaean hierarchy
Linnaean taxonomy
Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts:# the particular form of biological classification set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his Systema Naturæ and subsequent works...
for those that prefer such a classification. The result was that all land plants were placed in the class Equisitopsida, which was then divided into 16 subclasses (including the Magnoliidae
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
, containing all flowering plants) and a multitude of superorders. The second, by Haston et al., was a linear sequence of families following the APG III system (LAPG III). This provided a numbered list to all of the 413 currently accepted families, of particular use to herbarium
Herbarium
In botany, a herbarium – sometimes known by the Anglicized term herbar – is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form, mounted on a sheet, but depending upon the material may also be kept in...
curators and those working on floristic
Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...
works wishing to arrange their taxa according to APG III.
Short version
- clade angiosperms
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- order Amborellales
- order NymphaealesNymphaealesNymphaeales is an order of plants, which consists of water lilies and other aquatic plants.This order is considered to be a basal, or early diverging, group of angiosperms...
- order AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, consisting of about 100 species of woody plants, perhaps the most famous of which is the spice star anise.- In different classifications :...
- order Chloranthales
- clade magnoliids
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- order CanellalesCanellalesCanellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is defined to contain two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae, which comprise 136 species of fragrant trees and shrubs...
- order LauralesLauralesThe Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales.The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate...
- order MagnolialesMagnolialesMagnoliales is an order of flowering plants.-Classification:The Magnoliales includes six families:* Annonaceae...
- order PiperalesPiperalesPiperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time...
- order Canellales
-
- clade monocots
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- order Acorales
- order AlismatalesAlismatalesAlismatales is an order of flowering plants including about 2500 species. Pleants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic.-Description:...
- order AsparagalesAsparagalesAsparagales is the name of an order of plants, used in modern classification systems such as the APG III system . The order takes its name from the family Asparagaceae and is placed in the monocots. The order has only recently been recognized in classification systems...
- order DioscorealesDioscorealesDioscoreales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Dioscoreaceae.In the APG II system, of 2003, this order was placed in the clade monocots and comprised the families Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreaceae and Nartheciaceae.Under the APG system of 1998,...
- order LilialesLilialesLiliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have had a widely disputed history, with the circumscription varying greatly from one taxonomist to another...
- order PandanalesPandanalesPandanales is an order of flowering plants, with a pantropical distribution.The APG III system places the Pandanales in the monocots. Both the APG III and APG II systems include five families in this order:* Cyclanthaceae* Pandanaceae* Stemonaceae...
- order Petrosaviales
- clade commelinidsCommelinidsIn plant taxonomy, commelinids is a name used by the APG III system for a clade within the monocots, which in its turn is a clade within the angiosperms. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG has informally named within the monocots...
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- family DasypogonaceaeDasypogonaceaeDasypogonaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists: the plants involved were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae....
-- unplaced in an order
- family Dasypogonaceae
- order Arecales
- order CommelinalesCommelinalesCommelinales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 800 species in about 70 genera; the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae...
- order PoalesPoalesPoales is a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales....
- order ZingiberalesZingiberalesZingiberales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised by the taxonomists, at least for the past few decades. This order includes many familiar plants like ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal and myoga of the Zingiberaceae or ginger family, and bananas and plantains...
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-
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- probable sister of eudicots
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- order Ceratophyllales
-
- clade eudicotsEudicotsEudicots and Eudicotyledons are botanical terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton to refer to a monophyletic group of flowering plants that had been called tricolpates or non-Magnoliid dicots by previous authors...
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- family SabiaceaeSabiaceaeSabiaceae is a family of flowering plants, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas.In the Cronquist system the family was placed in the order Ranunculales, but more recent classifications place it as the sole family in the order Sabiales, or , as unplaced to...
-- unplaced in an order
- family Sabiaceae
- order BuxalesBuxalesBuxales is a botanical name at the rank of order.Under the APG II system, Buxaceae is a family unplaced as to order in the eudicots. This family may optionally include the genus Didymeles, which in Cronquist system was given its own family and order, placed in subclass Hamamelidae...
- order ProtealesProtealesProteales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by almost all taxonomists.-Families:The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes this order, and places it in the clade eudicots with this circumscription:...
- order RanunculalesRanunculalesRanunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots...
- order Trochodendrales
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- clade core eudicots
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- family DilleniaceaeDilleniaceaeDilleniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus Hibbertia, which contains many commercially valuable garden species....
-- unplaced in an order
- family Dilleniaceae
- order GunneralesGunneralesGunnerales is an order of flowering plants. In the APG III system it contains two genera: Gunnera and Myrothamnus. These are assigned to two separate families . In the Cronquist system Gunneraceae was placed in the Haloragales and Myrothamnaceae in the Hamamelidales.-External links:* in Stevens,...
- order SaxifragalesSaxifragalesSaxifragales is an order of flowering plants. Their closest relatives are a large eudicot group known as the rosids by the definition of rosids given in the APG II classification system. Some authors define the rosids more widely, including Saxifragales as their most basal group. Saxifragales is...
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- clade rosidsRosidsThe rosids are members of a large clade of flowering plants, containing about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. The clade is divided into 16 to 20 orders, depending upon circumscription and classification. These orders, in turn, together comprise about 140 families...
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- order Vitales
- clade fabids (eurosids I)
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- order CelastralesCelastralesCelastrales is an order of flowering plants. They are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. There are about 1200 to 1350 species in about 100 genera. All but 7 of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae...
- order CucurbitalesCucurbitalesThe Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropic and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers...
- order FabalesFabalesFabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system...
- order FagalesFagalesThe Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons...
- order MalpighialesMalpighialesMalpighiales is one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 16000 species, approximately 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse and hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems that are based only on...
- order OxalidalesOxalidalesThe Oxalidales are an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of eudicots. The following families are typically placed here:* Family Brunelliaceae* Family Cephalotaceae * Family Connaraceae...
- order RosalesRosalesRosales is an order of flowering plants. It is one of the four orders in the nitrogen fixing clade of the fabids and is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprises nine families, the type family...
- order ZygophyllalesZygophyllalesThe Zygophyllales are an order of dicotyledon plants, comprising the following two families:* Family Zygophyllaceae* Family KrameriaceaeAccording to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group both families are unplaced to order, but nevertheless included in the Eurosids I. The APG III system of 2009, however,...
- order Celastrales
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- clade malvids (eurosids II)
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- order BrassicalesBrassicalesThe Brassicales are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate compounds...
- order CrossosomatalesCrossosomatalesThe Crossosomatales are an order, newly recognized by the AGP II, of flowering plants, included within the Rosids, which are part of the eudicots...
- order GeranialesGeranialesGeraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes some small families, contributing together another less than 40 species...
- order HuertealesHuertealesHuerteales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It is one of the 17 orders that make up the large eudicot group known as the rosids in the APG III system of plant classification. Within the rosids, it is one of the orders in Malvidae, a group formerly known as eurosids II and...
- order MalvalesMalvalesMalvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots....
- order MyrtalesMyrtalesThe Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons...
- order Picramniales
- order SapindalesSapindalesSapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem....
- order Brassicales
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- (back to core eudicots)
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- order BerberidopsidalesBerberidopsidalesBerberidopsidales Doweld is a botanical name at the rank of order. This name is only newly published: such an order has been recognized by very few taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003, merely mentions the possibility of recognizing the order, as...
- order CaryophyllalesCaryophyllalesCaryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves.-Description:...
- order SantalalesSantalalesSantalales is an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions.Most have seeds without a testa, which is unusual for flowering plants...
- order Berberidopsidales
- clade asteridsAsteridsIn the APG II system for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids refers to a clade .Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to the Asteridae in the Cronquist system and to the Sympetalae in earlier systems...
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- order CornalesCornalesCornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries...
- order EricalesEricalesThe Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons, including for example tea, persimmon, blueberry, Brazil nut, and azalea. The order includes trees and bushes, lianas and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary autophytic plants, the Ericales include chlorophyll-deficient...
- order Cornales
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- clade lamiids (euasterids I)
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- family BoraginaceaeBoraginaceaeBoraginaceae, the Borage or Forget-me-not family, include a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 146 genera found worldwide.A number of familiar plants belong to this family....
-- unplaced in an order - family Vahliaceae -- unplaced in an order
- family IcacinaceaeIcacinaceaeIcacinaceae is a family of flowering plants.It consists of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics.The family was traditionally circumscribed quite broadly, with around 55 genera totalling over 400 species...
-- unplaced in an order - family Metteniusaceae -- unplaced in an order
- family Oncothecaceae -- unplaced in an order
- family Boraginaceae
- order GarryalesGarryalesThe Garryales are a small order of dicotyledons, including only two families and three genera:* Family Garryaceae**Garrya**Aucuba* Family Eucommiaceae**Eucommia...
- order GentianalesGentianalesGentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae , Retziaceae, Gentianaceae, Saccifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, and Asclepiadaceae...
- order LamialesLamialesLamiales is an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 20 families...
- order SolanalesSolanalesThe Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order....
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- clade campanulids (euasterids II)
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- order ApialesApialesThe Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided...
- order AquifolialesAquifolialesThe Aquifoliales are an order of flowering plants, including most notably the Aquifoliaceae, or holly family, and also the Helwingiaceae and the Phyllonomaceae . In 2001, the families Stemonuraceae and Cardiopteridaceae were added to this order...
- order AsteralesAsteralesAsterales is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the composite family and its related families.The order is a cosmopolite, and includes mostly herbaceous species, although a small number of trees and shrubs are also present.The Asterales can be characterized on the...
- order BrunialesBrunialesBruniales is a valid botanic name at the rank of order. Until recently it was not in use, but a 2008 study suggested that Bruniaceae and Columelliaceae are sister clades...
- order DipsacalesDipsacalesThe Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.Under the Cronquist system, the order included Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Valerianaceae. Under the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, the circumscription of the order is...
- order Escalloniales
- order Paracryphiales
- order Apiales
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Detailed version (with all families)
Legend:† = newly recognized order for the APG system;
§ = new family circumscription described in the text;
$ = families that represent the broader circumscription of options available in APG II and favoured here;
$$ = families that were in square brackets in APG II, the narrower circumscriptions favoured here.
Angiosperms
- †Amborellales Melikyan, A.V.Bobrov & Zaytzeva
- AmborellaceaeAmborellaceaeAmborella is a genus of rare understory shrubs or small trees endemic to the island of New Caledonia. The genus consists of only a single species, Amborella trichopoda, and is the only member of the family Amborellaceae. Wood of Amborella lacks the vessels characteristic of most flowering plants...
Pichon
- Amborellaceae
- †NymphaealesNymphaealesNymphaeales is an order of plants, which consists of water lilies and other aquatic plants.This order is considered to be a basal, or early diverging, group of angiosperms...
Salisb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- $$CabombaceaeCabombaceaeCabombaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised as distinct by at least some taxonomists and by APG III...
Rich. ex A.Rich. - *HydatellaceaeHydatellaceaeHydatellaceae are small, aquatic flowering plants. The family includes the genus Trithuria, which has been recently re-defined to include the genus Hydatella. The family consists of about a dozen species. These tiny , relatively simple, aquatic plants occur in Australasia and India. The simple...
U.Hamann - $$NymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceaeNymphaeaceae is a family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called water lilies and live in freshwater areas in temperate and tropical climates around the world. The family contains eight genera. There are about 70 species of water lilies around the world. The genus...
Salisb.
- $$Cabombaceae
- AustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyalesAustrobaileyales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, consisting of about 100 species of woody plants, perhaps the most famous of which is the spice star anise.- In different classifications :...
Takht. ex Reveal- AustrobaileyaceaeAustrobaileyaceaeAustrobaileyaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. This family is recognised by most plant taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognise such a family and places it in order Austrobaileyales. This order is accepted as being among the most basic lineages in the clade...
Croizat - $SchisandraceaeSchisandraceaeSchisandraceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. Before that, the plants concerned were assigned to family Magnoliaceae....
Blume (including IlliciaceaeIlliciaceaeIlliciaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades....
A.C.Sm.) - TrimeniaceaeTrimeniaceaeTrimeniaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades....
L.S.Gibbs
- Austrobaileyaceae
- †Chloranthales R.Br.
- ChloranthaceaeChloranthaceaeChloranthaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four genera, totalling several dozen species, of herbaceous or woody plants occurring in Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Madagascar, Central & South America, and the West Indies...
R.Br. ex Sims
- Chloranthaceae
Magnoliids
- CanellalesCanellalesCanellales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants, one of the four orders of the magnoliids. It is defined to contain two families: Canellaceae and Winteraceae, which comprise 136 species of fragrant trees and shrubs...
Cronquist- CanellaceaeCanellaceaeThe Canellaceae are a family of flowering plants. The family has sixteen species in six genera. The species are highly aromatic evergreen plants, mostly trees and rarely shrubs, which produce essential oils...
Mart. - WinteraceaeWinteraceaeThe Winteraceae are a family of flowering plants. The family includes 120 species of trees and shrubs in 9 genera.The Winteraceae are a mostly southern-hemisphere family associated with the Antarctic flora, found in tropical to temperate climate regions of Malesia, Oceania, eastern Australia, New...
R.Br. ex Lindl.
- Canellaceae
- PiperalesPiperalesPiperales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time...
Bercht. & J.Presl- AristolochiaceaeAristolochiaceaeThe Aristolochiaceae, or the Birthwort family, are a family of flowering plants with 7 genera and about 400 species belonging to the order Piperales...
Juss. - HydnoraceaeHydnoraceaeHydnoraceae is a family of parasitic flowering plants in the order Piperales. It contains two genera, Hydnora and Prosopanche and some seven species...
C.Agardh - Lactoridaceae Engl.
- PiperaceaePiperaceaeThe Piperaceae, also known as the pepper family, is a large family of flowering plants. The group contains roughly 3,610 currently accepted species in five genera. The vast majority of peppers can be found within the two main genera: Piper and Peperomia .Members of the Piperaceae may be small...
Giseke - SaururaceaeSaururaceaeSaururaceae is a plant family comprising four genera and seven species of herbaceous flowering plants native to eastern and southern Asia and North America. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is sometimes known as the "lizard's-tail family"...
F.Voigt
- Aristolochiaceae
- LauralesLauralesThe Laurales are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales.The order includes about 2500-2800 species from 85-90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- AtherospermataceaeAtherospermataceaeThe Atherospermataceae, commonly known as the southern sassafrases, are a family of broadleaf evergreen trees and shrubs. The family includes 14 species in seven genera. The atherosperms are native to the southern hemisphere, with two species native to southern Chile and 12 species native to...
R.Br. - CalycanthaceaeCalycanthaceaeThe Calycanthaceae is a small family of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains four genera and only 6-11 species, restricted to warm temperate and tropical regions:...
Lindl. - Gomortegaceae Reiche
- HernandiaceaeHernandiaceaeHernandiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Laurales in the clade magnoliids...
Blume - LauraceaeLauraceaeThe Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The family contains about 55 genera and over 3500, perhaps as many as 4000, species world-wide, mostly from warm or tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and South America...
Juss. - MonimiaceaeMonimiaceaeMonimiaceae is a family of flowering plants, which includes 150-220 species of shrubs and small trees in 18-25 genera. They are native to the southern hemisphere tropics and subtropics. The largest genus is Tambourissa, with 50 species in Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands, and the Comoros...
Juss. - SiparunaceaeSiparunaceaeSiparunaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by few taxonomists: the plants concerned have usually been included in family Monimiaceae....
Schodde
- Atherospermataceae
- MagnolialesMagnolialesMagnoliales is an order of flowering plants.-Classification:The Magnoliales includes six families:* Annonaceae...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- AnnonaceaeAnnonaceaeAnnonaceae, also called the custard apple familyis a family of flowering plants consisting of trees, shrubs or rarely lianas.With about 2300 to 2500 species and more than 130 genera,...
Juss. - DegeneriaceaeDegeneriaceaeDegeneriaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by more than a few taxonomists, at least over the past few decades....
I.W.Bailey & A.C.Sm. - EupomatiaceaeEupomatiaceaeEupomatiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids...
Orb. - HimantandraceaeHimantandraceaeHimantandraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognised by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Magnoliales in the clade magnoliids...
Diels - MagnoliaceaeMagnoliaceaeThe Magnoliaceae, or Magnolia Family, is a flowering plant family in the order Magnoliales. It consists of two subfamilies:*Magnolioideae, of which Magnolia is the most well-known genus....
Juss. - MyristicaceaeMyristicaceaeMyristicaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists; it is sometimes called the "nutmeg family", after its most famous member, Nutmeg ....
R.Br.
- Annonaceae
Monocots
- Acorales Link
- Acoraceae Martinov
- AlismatalesAlismatalesAlismatales is an order of flowering plants including about 2500 species. Pleants assigned to this order are mostly tropical or aquatic.-Description:...
R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- §AlismataceaeAlismataceaeThe water-plantains are a family of flowering plants, comprising 11 genera and between 85-95 species. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest number of species in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere...
Vent. (including LimnocharitaceaeLimnocharitaceaeLimnocharitaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales. It is commonly known as the water poppy family. They are small, perennial, aquatic herbs, native to the tropics, but adventive or naturalized in the subtropics as a result of...
Takht. ex Cronquist) - AponogetonaceaeAponogetonaceaeThe Aponogetonaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Alismatales.In recent decades the family has had universal recognition by taxonomists. The APG system and APG II system treat it in the order Alismatales in the clade monocots...
Planch. - AraceaeAraceaeAraceae are a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in which flowers are borne on a type of inflorescence called a spadix. The spadix is usually accompanied by, and sometimes partially enclosed in, a spathe or leaf-like bract. Also known as the Arum family, members are often colloquially...
Juss. - Butomaceae Mirb.
- Cymodoceaceae Vines
- HydrocharitaceaeHydrocharitaceaeHydrocharitaceae is a flowering plant family that includes a number of species of aquatic plant, broadly called the Tape-grasses, and includes the well known Canadian Waterweed and Frog's Bit.The family includes both fresh and marine aquatics...
Juss. - JuncaginaceaeJuncaginaceaeJuncaginaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, recognized by most taxonomists for the past few decades. It is also known as the Arrowgrass family....
Rich. - Posidoniaceae Vines
- PotamogetonaceaePotamogetonaceaeThe Potamogetonaceae, commonly referred to as the pondweed family, is an aquatic family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. There are roughly 120 species spread across six genera in the Potamagetonaceae...
Bercht. & J.Presl - RuppiaceaeRuppiaceaeRuppia, also known as the ditch grasses, is the only genus in the family Ruppiaceae. Such a family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists...
Horan. - ScheuchzeriaceaeScheuchzeriaceaeScheuchzeria palustris , is a flowering plant, the only species in the genus Scheuchzeria, itself the only genus in the family Scheuchzeriaceae...
F.Rudolphi - TofieldiaceaeTofieldiaceaeTofieldiaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants in the monocot order Alismatales. The family is divided into five genera, which together comprise 20 or 21 species. They are small, herbaceous plants, mostly of arctic and subarctic regions, but a few extend further south, and...
Takht. - ZosteraceaeZosteraceaeZosteraceae is a family of marine perennial flowering plants found in temperate and subtropical coastal waters, with the highest diversity located around Korea and Japan. Most seagrasses complete their entire life cycle under water, having filamentous pollen especially adapted to dispersion in an...
Dumort.
- §Alismataceae
- †Petrosaviales Takht.
- PetrosaviaceaePetrosaviaceaePetrosaviaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by only few taxonomists: the plants involved were usually treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae....
Hutch.
- Petrosaviaceae
- DioscorealesDioscorealesDioscoreales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Dioscoreaceae.In the APG II system, of 2003, this order was placed in the clade monocots and comprised the families Burmanniaceae, Dioscoreaceae and Nartheciaceae.Under the APG system of 1998,...
R.Br.- BurmanniaceaeBurmanniaceaeBurmanniaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants, consisting of about a hundred species of herbaceous plants in roughly a dozen genera. Often they are quite remarkable plants, more often red than green, without much leaf area and not growing very big in any way.The APG II system,...
Blume - DioscoreaceaeDioscoreaceaeDioscoreaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants, with about 750 species in eight or nine genera. The best-known member of the family is the Yam ....
R.Br. - NartheciaceaeNartheciaceaeNartheciaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has only rarely been recognized by systems of plant taxonomy.The APG III system does recognize such a family and places it in the order Dioscoreales, in the clade monocots...
Fr. ex Bjurzon
- Burmanniaceae
- PandanalesPandanalesPandanales is an order of flowering plants, with a pantropical distribution.The APG III system places the Pandanales in the monocots. Both the APG III and APG II systems include five families in this order:* Cyclanthaceae* Pandanaceae* Stemonaceae...
R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- CyclanthaceaeCyclanthaceaeCyclanthaceae is a family of flowering plants.-Classification:The APG system and the APG II system assign it to the order Pandanales in the clade monocots...
Poit. ex A.Rich. - PandanaceaePandanaceaePandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics of the Old World. Such a family has been widely recognized by taxonomists.Pandanaceae are trees or climbing or scrambling shrubs distributed in the Old World tropics and are adapted from sea level in salted beaches to mountain cloud...
R.Br. - StemonaceaeStemonaceaeStemonaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of three or four genera with between 25-35 species. The APG II system places it in the order Pandanales, in the monocots...
Caruel - TriuridaceaeTriuridaceaeTriuridaceae is a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003, does recognize such a family and places it in the order Pandanales, in the clade monocots...
Gardner - VelloziaceaeVelloziaceaeVelloziaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by many taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Pandanales in the clade monocots...
J.Agardh
- Cyclanthaceae
- LilialesLilialesLiliales is an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants. This order of necessity includes the family Liliaceae, but both the family and the order have had a widely disputed history, with the circumscription varying greatly from one taxonomist to another...
Perleb- §AlstroemeriaceaeAlstroemeriaceaeThe Alstroemeriaceae is a family of flowering plants, with 200 species in three or four genera, native to the Americas, from Central America to southern South America....
Dumort. (including LuzuriagaceaeLuzuriagaceaeLuzuriagaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , did recognize such a family and placed it in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots. The APG III system merged this small family...
Lotsy) - CampynemataceaeCampynemataceaeCampynemataceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognize such a family and places it in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots...
Dumort. - ColchicaceaeColchicaceaeColchicaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants.The APG III system, of 2009 , does recognize such a family and places it in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots, and regards the family as including some two hundred species of herbaceous perennials with rhizomes or corms.The...
DC. - CorsiaceaeCorsiaceaeCorsiaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The APG II system treats the family in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots...
Becc. - LiliaceaeLiliaceaeThe Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of monocotyledons in the order Liliales. Plants in this family have linear leaves, mostly with parallel veins but with several having net venation , and flower arranged in threes. Several have bulbs, while others have rhizomes...
Juss. - MelanthiaceaeMelanthiaceaeMelanthiaceae is a family of flowering perennial herbs in the Northern Hemisphere. The family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists, and the circumscription has varied...
Batsch ex Borkh. - *Petermanniaceae Hutch.
- PhilesiaceaePhilesiaceaePhilesiaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by relatively few taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognize such a family and places it in the order Liliales, in the clade monocots...
Dumort. - Ripogonaceae Conran & Clifford
- SmilacaceaeSmilacaceaeSmilacaceae, the greenbrier family, is a family of flowering plants. Up to some decades ago the genera now included in family Smilacaceae were often assigned to a more broadly defined family Liliaceae, but for the past twenty to thirty years most botanists have accepted Smilacaceae as a distinct...
Vent.
- §Alstroemeriaceae
- AsparagalesAsparagalesAsparagales is the name of an order of plants, used in modern classification systems such as the APG III system . The order takes its name from the family Asparagaceae and is placed in the monocots. The order has only recently been recognized in classification systems...
Link- $AmaryllidaceaeAmaryllidaceaeAmaryllidoideae is the subfamily of flowering plants that takes its name from the genus Amaryllis. It is part of the family Amaryllidaceae, in order Asparagales...
J.St.-Hil. (including AgapanthaceaeAgapanthaceaeAgapanthoideae is a monocot subfamily of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Agapanthaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the sole included type genus, Agapanthus. Previously the genus Agapanthus...
F.Voigt, AlliaceaeAlliaceaeAllioideae is the botanical name of a monocot subfamily of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Alliaceae...
Borkh.) - $AsparagaceaeAsparagaceaeAsparagaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.In earlier classification systems, the species involved were often treated as belonging to the family Liliaceae...
Juss. (including AgavaceaeAgavaceaeAgavoideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Agavaceae. The group includes many well-known desert and dry zone types such as the agave, yucca, and Joshua tree...
Dumort., AphyllanthaceaeAphyllanthaceaeAphyllanthoideae is a monocot subfamily of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It was formerly treated as a separate family, Aphyllanthaceae...
Burnett, HesperocallidaceaeHesperocallidaceaeHesperocallis is a genus of flowering plants that includes a single species, Hesperocallis undulata, the desert lily or ajo lily, found in the desert areas of the southwest of North America....
Traub, HyacinthaceaeHyacinthaceaeScilloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Asparagaceae in the order Asparagales. The Scilloideae are bulbous flowering plants, which have sometimes been placed in a separate family, the Hyacinthaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Scilla...
Batsch ex Borkh., LaxmanniaceaeLaxmanniaceaeLomandroideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales, according to the APG III system of 2009. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Lomandra. The group has previously been treated as a separate family Laxmanniaceae...
Bubani, RuscaceaeRuscaceaeNolinoideae is a monocot subfamily of the family Asparagaceae in the APG III system of 2009. It was previously treated as a separate family, Ruscaceae s.l...
M.Roem., ThemidaceaeThemidaceaeBrodiaeoideae is a monocot subfamily of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales. It has been treated as a separate family, Themidaceae. They are native to Central America and western North America, from British Columbia to Guatemala...
Salisb.) - AsteliaceaeAsteliaceaeAsteliaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 does recognize this family...
Dumort. - Blandfordiaceae R.Dahlgren & Clifford
- BoryaceaeBoryaceaeBoryaceae is a family of arborescent, or tree forming, highly drought-tolerant flowering plants native to Australia, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots...
M.W.Chase, Rudall & Conran - DoryanthaceaeDoryanthaceaeDoryanthaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 does recognize this family...
R.Dahlgren & Clifford - HypoxidaceaeHypoxidaceaeHypoxidaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 does recognize this family...
R.Br. - IridaceaeIridaceaeThe Iris family or Iridaceae is a family of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants included in the monocot order Asparagales, taking its name from the genus Iris. Almost worldwide in distribution and one of the most important families in horticulture, it includes more than 2000 species...
Juss. - IxioliriaceaeIxioliriaceaeIxiolirion is the botanical name of a genus of flowering plants from Southwest Asia, placed in the mongeneric family Ixioliriaceae in the order Asparagales of the monocots....
Nakai - LanariaceaeLanariaceaeLanariaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 does recognize this family. The family then includes a single species Lanariaceae is the...
R.Dahlgren & A.E.van Wyk - OrchidaceaeOrchidaceaeThe Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species,...
Juss. - TecophilaeaceaeTecophilaeaceaeTecophilaeaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.The family has only recently been recognized by taxonomists. The APG III system of 2009 does recognize this family...
Leyb. - $XanthorrhoeaceaeXanthorrhoeaceaeXanthorrhoeaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants in the order Asparagales. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, but the circumscription of the family has varied wildly....
Dumort. (including AsphodelaceaeAsphodelaceaeAsphodeloideae is a subfamily of the monocot family Xanthorrhoeaceae in the order Asparagales. It has previously been treated as a separate family, Asphodelaceae. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Asphodelus...
Juss. and HemerocallidaceaeHemerocallidaceaeHemerocallidoideae is the botanical name of a subfamily of flowering plants, part of the family Xanthorrhoeaceae sensu lato in the monocot order Asparagales according to the APG system of 2009. Earlier classification systems treated the group as a separate family, the Hemerocallidaceae. The name...
R.Br.) - XeronemataceaeXeronemataceaeXeronemataceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants, placed in the order Asparagales of the monocots.The name was published in 2000 and has therefore been recognized only in recent taxonomies...
M.W.Chase, Rudall & M.F.Fay
- $Amaryllidaceae
CommelinidsCommelinidsIn plant taxonomy, commelinids is a name used by the APG III system for a clade within the monocots, which in its turn is a clade within the angiosperms. The commelinids are the only clade that the APG has informally named within the monocots...
- DasypogonaceaeDasypogonaceaeDasypogonaceae is a botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been commonly recognized by taxonomists: the plants involved were usually included in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae....
Dumort. - Arecales Bromhead
- ArecaceaeArecaceaeArecaceae or Palmae , are a family of flowering plants, the only family in the monocot order Arecales. There are roughly 202 currently known genera with around 2600 species, most of which are restricted to tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate climates...
Bercht. & J.Presl
- Arecaceae
- CommelinalesCommelinalesCommelinales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. It comprises five families: Commelinaceae, Haemodoraceae, Hanguanaceae, Philydraceae, and Pontederiaceae. All the families combined contain over 800 species in about 70 genera; the majority of species are in the Commelinaceae...
Mirb. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- CommelinaceaeCommelinaceaeCommelinaceae is a family of flowering plants. In less formal contexts, the group is referred to as the dayflower family or spiderwort family. It is one of five families in the order Commelinales and by far the largest of these with an estimated 650 species in 40 genera. Well known genera include...
Mirb. - HaemodoraceaeHaemodoraceaeHaemodoraceae is a family of flowering plants. It is sometimes known as the "Bloodwort family". Primarily a Southern Hemisphere family, they are found in South Africa, Australia and New Guinea, and in the Americas Haemodoraceae is a family of flowering plants. It is sometimes known as the...
R.Br. - HanguanaceaeHanguanaceaeHanguanaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been recognized by many taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 does recognize such a family and places it in the order Commelinales, in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
Airy Shaw - PhilydraceaePhilydraceaePhilydraceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has not been recognized by many taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognize such a family and places it in the order Commelinales, in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
Link - PontederiaceaePontederiaceaePontederiaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants.The APG II system, of 2003 places the family in the order Commelinales, in the commelinid clade, in the monocots. It is a small family of heterostylous aquatic plants, occurring in tropical and subtropical waters...
Kunth
- Commelinaceae
- PoalesPoalesPoales is a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales....
Small- AnarthriaceaeAnarthriaceaeAnarthriaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has rarely been recognized by taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognize this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw - BromeliaceaeBromeliaceaeBromeliaceae is a family of monocot flowering plants of around 3,170 species native mainly to the tropical Americas, with a few species found in the American subtropics and one in tropical west Africa, Pitcairnia feliciana...
Juss. - CentrolepidaceaeCentrolepidaceaeCentrolepidaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognises such a family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots.The family is now regarded as...
Endl. - CyperaceaeCyperaceaeCyperaceae are a family of monocotyledonous graminoid flowering plants known as sedges, which superficially resemble grasses or rushes. The family is large, with some 5,500 species described in about 109 genera. These species are widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group...
Juss. - EcdeiocoleaceaeEcdeiocoleaceaeEcdeiocoleaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has rarely been recognized by taxonomists.The APG II system, in 2003 , does recognize such a family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
D.F.Cutler & Airy Shaw - EriocaulaceaeEriocaulaceaeThe Eriocaulaceae or pipewort family is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the order Poales. The family is large, with about 1,150-1,200 species described in ten genera. The family is widely distributed, with the centers of diversity for the group occurring in tropical regions,...
Martinov - FlagellariaceaeFlagellariaceaeFlagellariaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has rarely been recognized by taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognize such a family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
Dumort. - JoinvilleaceaeJoinvilleaceaeJoinvilleaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG II system, of 2003 assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids in the monocots. The family consists of one genus with four currently accepted species, distributed from the Malay Peninsula to the Caroline Islands and high islands...
Toml. & A.C.Sm. - JuncaceaeJuncaceaeJuncaceae, the rush family, are a monocotyledonous family of flowering plants. There are eight genera and about 400 species. Members of the Juncaceae are slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous plants, and they may superficially resemble grasses. They often grow on infertile soils in a wide range...
Juss. - MayacaceaeMayacaceaeMayaca is a genus of flowering plants, often placed in its own family, the Mayacaceae. In the APG II system of 2003, it is assigned to the Order Poales in the clade commelinids. The Cronquist system, of 1981, also recognised such a family and placed it in the order Commelinales in the subclass...
Kunth - PoaceaePoaceaeThe Poaceae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called grasses, although the term "grass" is also applied to plants that are not in the Poaceae lineage, including the rushes and sedges...
Barnhart - RapateaceaeRapateaceaeRapateaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
Dumort. - RestionaceaeRestionaceaeRestionaceae, also called restiads, is the botanical name for a family of rush-like flowering plants native to the Southern Hemisphere.- Description :...
R.Br. - ThurniaceaeThurniaceaeThurniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes such a family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
Engl. - §TyphaceaeTyphaceaeTyphaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
Juss. (including SparganiaceaeSparganiaceaeSparganiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family was previously recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family, and assigns it to the order Poales in the clade commelinids, in the monocots...
Hanin) - XyridaceaeXyridaceaeXyridaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by many taxonomists and is known as the Yellow-eyed-grass Family....
C.Agardh
- Anarthriaceae
- ZingiberalesZingiberalesZingiberales is an order of flowering plants. The order has been widely recognised by the taxonomists, at least for the past few decades. This order includes many familiar plants like ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal and myoga of the Zingiberaceae or ginger family, and bananas and plantains...
Griseb.- Cannaceae Juss.
- CostaceaeCostaceaeCostaceae or the Costus Family is a family of pantropical monocots. They belong to the order Zingiberales, which contains other horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana , bird-of-paradise , and edible ginger...
Nakai - Heliconiaceae Vines
- LowiaceaeLowiaceaeOrchidantha is a genus of flowering plants, often given its own family, Lowiaceae. It includes the plants in the formerly recognised genera Lowia, Protamomum and Wolfia. Orchidantha remains a poorly known genus, with up to about a dozen species, found from southern China to Borneo...
Ridl. - MarantaceaeMarantaceaeThe Marantaceae or arrowroot family is a family of flowering plants known for its large starchy rhizomes. It is sometimes called the prayer-plant family...
R.Br. - MusaceaeMusaceaeMusaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family is native to the tropics of Africa and Asia. The plants have a large herbaceous growth habit with leaves with overlapping basal sheaths that form a pseudostem making some members appear to be woody trees.The family has been...
Juss. - StrelitziaceaeStrelitziaceaeStrelitziaceae is a family of monocotyledonous flowering plants. The plants are very similar in appearance and growth habit to members of the related families Heliconiaceae and Musaceae...
Hutch. - ZingiberaceaeZingiberaceaeZingiberaceae, or the Ginger family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of aromatic perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes, comprising ca. 52 genera and more than 1300 species, distributed throughout tropical Africa, Asia, and the Americas.Many species are important...
Martinov
Probable sister of eudicotsEudicotsEudicots and Eudicotyledons are botanical terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton to refer to a monophyletic group of flowering plants that had been called tricolpates or non-Magnoliid dicots by previous authors...
- Ceratophyllales Link
- Ceratophyllaceae Gray
EudicotsEudicotsEudicots and Eudicotyledons are botanical terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton to refer to a monophyletic group of flowering plants that had been called tricolpates or non-Magnoliid dicots by previous authors...
- RanunculalesRanunculalesRanunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- BerberidaceaeBerberidaceaeBerberidaceae are a family of 15 genera flowering plants commonly called the barberry family. This family is in the order Ranunculales. The family contains about 570 species, of which the majority are in Berberis...
Juss. - $CircaeasteraceaeCircaeasteraceaeCircaeasteraceae is a family of one to two species of herbaceous plants native to China and the Himalayas.The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system , recognizes it and places it in the order Ranunculales in the clade eudicots...
Hutch. (including KingdoniaceaeKingdoniaceaeKingdonia uniflora is a species of perennial herbs native to China. The plants have one leaf and a short flower stalk with a small flower.It grows at high elevations in West and North China.- Classification :...
Airy Shaw) - EupteleaceaeEupteleaceaeEupteleaceae is a family of flowering plants.The family has been recognized by many taxonomists. The APG II system , recognizes it and places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudicots. The family consists of a single genus Euptelea, with two species, native to eastern Asia.-External...
K.Wilh. - LardizabalaceaeLardizabalaceaeLardizabalaceae is a family of flowering plants.The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system , which places it in the order Ranunculales, in the clade eudicots....
R.Br. - MenispermaceaeMenispermaceaeMenispermaceae, the botanical name for a family of flowering plants, has been universally recognized by taxonomists. Tubocurare, a neuromuscular blocker and active ingredient in curare, is derived from plants of this family....
Juss. - $PapaveraceaePapaveraceaePapaveraceae, informally known as the poppy family, are an economically important family of 44 genera and approximately 770 species of flowering plants in the order Ranunculales. The family is cosmopolitan, occurring in temperate and subtropical climates, but almost unknown in the tropics...
Juss. (including FumariaceaeFumariaceaeFumariaceae is a family of about 575 species of herbaceous plants in 20 genera, native to the Northern Hemisphere and South Africa.-Flower shape:Plants in the fumitory family are easily recognised by their peculiar flowers with two dissimilar pairs of...
Marquis, Pteridophyllaceae Nakai ex Reveal & Hoogland) - RanunculaceaeRanunculaceaeRanunculaceae are a family of about 1700 species of flowering plants in about 60 genera, distributed worldwide....
Juss.
- Berberidaceae
- SabiaceaeSabiaceaeSabiaceae is a family of flowering plants, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of southern Asia and the Americas.In the Cronquist system the family was placed in the order Ranunculales, but more recent classifications place it as the sole family in the order Sabiales, or , as unplaced to...
Blume - ProtealesProtealesProteales is the botanical name of an order of flowering plants. Such an order has been recognized by almost all taxonomists.-Families:The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes this order, and places it in the clade eudicots with this circumscription:...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- Nelumbonaceae A.Rich.
- $$PlatanaceaePlatanaceaePlatanaceae is a family of flowering plants. It has been recognized by almost all taxonomists, and is sometimes called the "plane-tree family"....
T.Lestib. - $$ProteaceaeProteaceaeProteaceae is a family of flowering plants distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The family comprises about 80 genera with about 1600 species. Together with the Platanaceae and Nelumbonaceae they make up the order Proteales. Well known genera include Protea, Banksia, Embothrium, Grevillea,...
Juss.
- †Trochodendrales Takht. ex Cronquist
- $TrochodendraceaeTrochodendraceaeTrochodendraceae is a family of flowering plants with two living genera found in southeast Asia. The two living species share the feature of secondary xylem without vessels, which is quite rare in angiosperms...
Eichler (including Tetracentraceae A.C.Sm.)
- $Trochodendraceae
- †BuxalesBuxalesBuxales is a botanical name at the rank of order.Under the APG II system, Buxaceae is a family unplaced as to order in the eudicots. This family may optionally include the genus Didymeles, which in Cronquist system was given its own family and order, placed in subclass Hamamelidae...
Takht. ex Reveal- $BuxaceaeBuxaceaeBuxaceae are a small family of four or five genera and about 90-120 species of flowering plants. They are shrubs and small trees, with a cosmopolitan distribution...
Dumort. (including DidymelaceaeDidymelaceaeDidymelaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family has been recognised by a fair number of taxonomists, at least over the past few decades....
Leandri) - *Haptanthaceae C.Nelson
- $Buxaceae
Core eudicots
- GunneralesGunneralesGunnerales is an order of flowering plants. In the APG III system it contains two genera: Gunnera and Myrothamnus. These are assigned to two separate families . In the Cronquist system Gunneraceae was placed in the Haloragales and Myrothamnaceae in the Hamamelidales.-External links:* in Stevens,...
Takht. ex Reveal- $$GunneraceaeGunneraceaeGunneraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Gunnerales in the clade core eudicots. The family then consists of one or two genera, Gunnera...
Meisn. - $$MyrothamnaceaeMyrothamnaceaeMyrothamnaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, having been included in order Hamamelidales in the Cronquist system. The APG II system includes Myrothamnaceae in Gunneraceae but allows for the optional segregation of...
Nied.
- $$Gunneraceae
- DilleniaceaeDilleniaceaeDilleniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It is known to gardeners for the genus Hibbertia, which contains many commercially valuable garden species....
Salisb. - SaxifragalesSaxifragalesSaxifragales is an order of flowering plants. Their closest relatives are a large eudicot group known as the rosids by the definition of rosids given in the APG II classification system. Some authors define the rosids more widely, including Saxifragales as their most basal group. Saxifragales is...
Bercht. & J.Presl- AltingiaceaeAltingiaceaeAltingiaceae, a small family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, are wind-pollinated trees that produce hard, woody fruits containing numerous seeds. The fruits have been studied in considerable detail. They naturally occur in Central America, Mexico, eastern North America, the...
Horan. - Aphanopetalaceae Doweld
- Cercidiphyllaceae Engl.
- CrassulaceaeCrassulaceaeCrassulaceae, or the orpine family, are a family of dicotyledons. They store water in their succulent leaves. They are found worldwide, but mostly occur in the Northern Hemisphere and southern Africa, typically in dry and/or cold areas where water may be scarce...
J.St.-Hil. - Daphniphyllaceae Müll.-Arg.
- Grossulariaceae DC.
- $$HaloragaceaeHaloragaceaeHaloragaceae is a dicotyledon flowering plant family in the order Saxifragales, based on the phylogenetic APG III system. In the Cronquist system, it was included in the order Haloragales.- Distribution :...
R.Br. - HamamelidaceaeHamamelidaceaeThe Hamamelidaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, including 27 genera and about 80-90 species, all shrubs and small trees...
R.Br. - $IteaceaeIteaceaeIteaceae is a flowering plant family of trees and shrubs native to the eastern USA, south eastern Africa, and south and Southeastern Asia. Some older taxonomic systems place the genera in this family in the Grossulariaceae. The APG III system of 2009 includes the former Pterostemonaceae in Iteaceae...
J.Agardh (including PterostemonaceaePterostemonaceaePterostemonaceae Small is a small family of shrubs native to tropical and subtropical Mexico. The family was recognized by scientists working with the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group but is placed in the Grossulariaceae by other taxonomic systems...
Small) - Paeoniaceae Raf.
- $$PenthoraceaePenthoraceaePenthoraceae is a flowering plant family of rhizome forming herbs native to eastern North America and Eastern and Southeastern Asia.-References:* in Stevens, P. F. ....
Rydb. ex Britt. - *§PeridiscaceaePeridiscaceaePeridiscaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Saxifragales. It comprises four genera: Medusandra, Soyauxia, Peridiscus, and Whittonia. It has a disjunct distribution, with Peridiscus occurring in Venezuela and northern Brazil, Whittonia in Guyana, Medusandra in Cameroon, and Soyauxia...
Kuhlm. (including MedusandraceaeMedusandraceaeMedusandra is a genus of flowering plants in the family Peridiscaceae. It has two species, Medusandra richardsiana and Medusandra mpomiana. M. richardsiana is the most common and well known. Both species are native to Cameroon and adjacent countries. Medusandra was named by John Brenan in 1952...
Brenan, Soyauxia Oliver) - SaxifragaceaeSaxifragaceaeSaxifragaceae is a plant family with about 460 known species in 36 genera. In Europe there are 12 genera.The flowers are hermaphroditic and actinomorphic...
Juss. - $$Tetracarpaeaceae Nakai
- Altingiaceae
- †BerberidopsidalesBerberidopsidalesBerberidopsidales Doweld is a botanical name at the rank of order. This name is only newly published: such an order has been recognized by very few taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003, merely mentions the possibility of recognizing the order, as...
Doweld- Aextoxicaceae Engl. & Gilg
- BerberidopsidaceaeBerberidopsidaceaeBerberidopsidaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by only a few taxonomists: the plants involved have often been treated as belonging to family Flacourtiaceae....
Takht.
- SantalalesSantalalesSantalales is an order of flowering plants with a cosmopolitan distribution, but heavily concentrated in tropical and subtropical regions.Most have seeds without a testa, which is unusual for flowering plants...
R.Br. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- *BalanophoraceaeBalanophoraceaeBalanophoraceae is a subtropical to tropical family of obligate parasitic flowering plants, notable for their unusual development and obscure affinities. The family consist of 17 genera and approximately 50 species...
Rich. - LoranthaceaeLoranthaceaeLoranthaceae is a family of flowering plants, which has been universally recognized by taxonomists. It consists of about 75 genera and 1,000 species of woody plants, many of them hemi-parasites, all of them except three having the mistletoe habit...
Juss. - MisodendraceaeMisodendraceaeMisodendron is a genus of hemiparasites which grow as mistletoes on various species of Nothofagus. The twelve species are all restricted to South America.Misodendron is placed in its own family, Misodendraceae, in the order Santalales...
J.Agardh - SantalaceaeSantalaceaeSantalaceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants...
R.Br. - OlacaceaeOlacaceaeOlacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Santalales. They are woody plants, native throughout the tropical regions of the world....
R.Br. - OpiliaceaeOpiliaceaeOpiliaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. It consists of perhaps a dozen genera, totalling several dozen species of tropical woody plants. Several genera contain parasitic species. The biggest genus, in number of species and in stature of the individual plants, is...
Valeton - *SchoepfiaceaeSchoepfiaceaeSchoepfiacaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants . Such a family has been recognized by few taxonomists; the plants in question usually being assigned to family Olacaceae and Santalaceae....
Blume
- *Balanophoraceae
- CaryophyllalesCaryophyllalesCaryophyllales is an order of flowering plants that includes the cacti, carnations, amaranths, ice plants, and many carnivorous plants. Many members are succulent, having fleshy stems or leaves.-Description:...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- AchatocarpaceaeAchatocarpaceaeAchatocarpaceae is a family of woody flowering plants. The family consists of two genera and ten species, and has been recognized by most taxonomists. It is found from the southwestern United States south to tropical and subtropical South America....
Heimerl - AizoaceaeAizoaceaeThe Family Aizoaceae or Ficoidaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing 135 genera and about 1900 species. They are commonly known as stone plants or carpet weeds. Species that resemble stones or pebbles are sometimes called mesembs...
Martinov - AmaranthaceaeAmaranthaceaeThe flowering plant family Amaranthaceae, the Amaranth family, contains about 176 genera and 2,400 species.- Description :Most of these species are herbs or subshrubs; very few are trees or climbers. Some species are succulent....
Juss. - *AnacampserotaceaeAnacampserotaceaeAnacampserotaceae is a family of plants that was proposed in the February 2010 issue of the journal Taxon. It was described by Urs Eggli and Reto Nyffeler in their analysis of the polyphyly in the suborder Portulacineae . The new family and its circumscription was based on molecular and...
Eggli & Nyffeler - AncistrocladaceaeAncistrocladaceaeAncistrocladaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been widely recognized by taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
Planch. ex Walp. - AsteropeiaceaeAsteropeiaceaeAsteropeiaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by very few taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 does recognize such a family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
Takht. ex Reveal & Hoogland - BarbeuiaceaeBarbeuiaceaeBarbeuia madagascariensis is a liana found only on the island of Madagascar.Barbeuia has occasionally been placed in its own family, Barbeuiaceae. The APG II system of 2003, for instance, recognies such a family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
Nakai - BasellaceaeBasellaceaeBasellaceae is a family of flowering plants, in the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots, according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group...
Raf. - Cactaceae Juss.
- CaryophyllaceaeCaryophyllaceaeThe Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae and Polygonaceae...
Juss. - §DidiereaceaeDidiereaceaeDidiereaceae is a small family of just four genera and 11 species of flowering plants endemic to south and southwest Madagascar, where they form an important component of the Madagascar spiny forests.-Description:...
Radlk. - DioncophyllaceaeDioncophyllaceaeDioncophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of three species of lianas native to the rainforests of western Africa.Its closest relative is Ancistrocladaceae. Both of these families lie within a clade of mostly carnivorous plants which since 1998 or so have been moved to the order...
Airy Shaw - DroseraceaeDroseraceaeDroseraceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. The family is also known under its common name, the sundew family.It consists of carnivorous plants: besides the sundews, the genus Drosera, it also contains the even more-famous Venus fly trap Dionaea muscipula...
Salisb. - Drosophyllaceae Chrtek, Slavíková & Studnicka
- FrankeniaceaeFrankeniaceaeFrankeniaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been widely recognized by many taxonomists; it has commonly been assumed to be closely related to family Tamaricaceae....
Desv. - GisekiaceaeGisekiaceaeGisekiaceae is a family of flowering plants.The family has not been recognized by most taxonomists. The APG II system does recognize the family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
Nakai - HalophytaceaeHalophytaceaeHalophytum ameghinoi is a species of herbaceous plant endemic to Patagonia. It is a succulent annual plant, with simple, fleshy, alternate leaves. The plants are monoecious, with solitary female flowers and inflorescences of male flowers on the same plant .Halophytum has sometimes been placed...
A.Soriano - *Limeaceae Shipunov ex Reveal
- *Lophiocarpaceae Doweld & Reveal
- §MolluginaceaeMolluginaceaeMolluginaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 , also recognizes such a family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
Bartl. - *MontiaceaeMontiaceaeMontiaceae is a family of flowering plants, comprising about 14 genera with some 500 species, ranging from herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has a cosmopolitan distribution....
Raf. - Nepenthaceae Dumort.
- NyctaginaceaeNyctaginaceaeNyctaginaceae, the Four O'Clock Family, is a family of around 33 genera and 290 species of flowering plants, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, with a few representatives in temperate regions...
Juss. - PhysenaceaePhysenaceaePhysenaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. This family has been only recently recognized by taxonomists.The APG II system, of 2003 , does recognize this family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
Takht. - PhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaceaePhytolaccaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been almost universally recognized by taxonomists, although its circumscription has varied. It is also known as the Pokeweed family....
R.Br. - PlumbaginaceaePlumbaginaceaePlumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family....
Juss. - PolygonaceaePolygonaceaePolygonaceae is a family of flowering plants known informally as the "knotweed family" or "smartweed family"— "buckwheat family" in the United States. The name is based on the genus Polygonum and was first used by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789 in his book, Genera Plantarum. The name refers...
Juss. - §PortulacaceaePortulacaceaePortulacaceae are a family of flowering plants, comprising about 20 genera with about 500 species, ranging from herbaceous plants to shrubs. The family has been recognised by most taxonomists, and is also known as the purslane family; it has a cosmopolitan distribution, with the highest diversity...
Juss. - RhabdodendraceaeRhabdodendraceaeRhabdodendron is a genus comprising 2–3 species of tropical South American trees.Rhabdodendron is placed in its own family, Rhabdodendraceae, which has only been recognized for the past few decades. The 2003 APG II system assigned it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots...
Prance - SarcobataceaeSarcobataceaeSarcobataceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. This name has only recently been published, and such a family has been recognized by very few taxonomists....
Behnke - SimmondsiaceaeSimmondsiaceaeSimmondsiaceae or the Jojoba Family is a family of flowering plants. The family is not recognized by all taxonomic systems, the single species, Simmondsia chinensis, often being treated as belonging to family Buxaceae....
Tiegh. - StegnospermataceaeStegnospermataceaeStegnospermataceae is a family of flowering plants.The family has only been recognized by a few taxonomists, the plants in it more commonly assigned to the family Phytolaccaceae...
Nakai - *Talinaceae Doweld
- TamaricaceaeTamaricaceaeTamaricaceae is a flowering plant family containing four genera. In the 1980s, the family was classified in the Violales under the Cronquist system; more modern classifications place them in the Caryophyllales.The family is native to drier areas of Europe, Asia and Africa...
Link
- Achatocarpaceae
RosidsRosidsThe rosids are members of a large clade of flowering plants, containing about 70,000 species, more than a quarter of all angiosperms. The clade is divided into 16 to 20 orders, depending upon circumscription and classification. These orders, in turn, together comprise about 140 families...
- †Vitales Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl
- VitaceaeVitaceaeVitaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants including the grapevine and Virginia creeper. The family name is derived from the genus Vitis...
Juss.
- Vitaceae
Eurosids I
- †ZygophyllalesZygophyllalesThe Zygophyllales are an order of dicotyledon plants, comprising the following two families:* Family Zygophyllaceae* Family KrameriaceaeAccording to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group both families are unplaced to order, but nevertheless included in the Eurosids I. The APG III system of 2009, however,...
Link- $$Krameriaceae Dumort.
- $$ZygophyllaceaeZygophyllaceaeThe Zygophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants that contains the bean-caper and caltrop. It includes around 285 species in 22 genera.In the APG III system of classification, the families Zygophyllaceae and Krameriaceae compose the order Zygophyllales...
R.Br.
- CelastralesCelastralesCelastrales is an order of flowering plants. They are found throughout the tropics and subtropics, with only a few species extending far into the temperate regions. There are about 1200 to 1350 species in about 100 genera. All but 7 of these genera are in the large family Celastraceae...
Link- $CelastraceaeCelastraceaeThe Celastraceae , is a family of about 90-100 genera and 1,300 species of vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales...
R.Br. (including Lepuropetalaceae Nakai, ParnassiaceaeParnassiaceaeParnassiaceae Gray is a family of Flowering plants in the eudicot order Celastrales. It is not recognized in the APG III system of plant classification. When that system was published in 2009, Parnassiaceae was treated as a segregate of an expanded Celastraceae. Parnassiaceae has only two...
Martinov, Pottingeriaceae Takht.) - LepidobotryaceaeLepidobotryaceaeLepidobotryaceae is a flowering plant family in the order Celastrales. It contains only two species, Lepidobotrys staudtii and Ruptiliocarpon caracolito.- Description :...
J.Léonard
- $Celastraceae
- OxalidalesOxalidalesThe Oxalidales are an order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of eudicots. The following families are typically placed here:* Family Brunelliaceae* Family Cephalotaceae * Family Connaraceae...
Bercht. & J.Presl- Brunelliaceae Engl.
- Cephalotaceae Dumort.
- ConnaraceaeConnaraceaeThe Connaraceae is a family of 16 genera and about 350 species.-Genera:* Agelaea* Burttia* Cnestidium* Cnestis* Connarus* Ellipanthus* Hemandradenia* Jollydora* Manotes* Pseudoconnarus* Rourea...
R.Br. - CunoniaceaeCunoniaceaeThe Cunoniaceae is a family of 26 genera and about 350 species of woody plants in the Antarctic flora, with many laurifolia species with glossy leaves endemic to laurel forest habitat. The family is native to Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand, southern South America, the Mascarene...
R.Br. - ElaeocarpaceaeElaeocarpaceaeElaeaocarpaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family approximately contains 605 species of trees and shrubs in 12 genera. The largest genera are Elaeocarpus, with about 350 species, and Sloanea, with about 150....
Juss. ex DC. - *HuaceaeHuaceaeHuaceae is a family of plant in the rosids group, which has been classed in the orders Malpighiales, Malvales, and Violales or in its own order Huales. The APG II system places it in the clade eurosids I, whereas the APG III system of 2009 placed it within the Oxalidales. It contains the following...
A.Chev. - OxalidaceaeOxalidaceaeThe Oxalidaceae, or wood sorrel family, are a small family of eight genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, with the great majority of the 900 species in the genus Oxalis...
R.Br.
- MalpighialesMalpighialesMalpighiales is one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 16000 species, approximately 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse and hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems that are based only on...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- AchariaceaeAchariaceaeAchariaceae is a family of flowering plants, formerly consisting of 6 species in 3 genera of herb and shrubs endemic to southern Africa. More recently, the APG II system has greatly expanded the scope of the family by including many genera previously classified in the Flacourtiaceae. Molecular...
Harms - Balanopaceae Benth. & Hook.f.
- BonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceaeBonnetiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 3 genera and 35 species. The genus wholly belongs to the Neotropics, except the genus Ploiarium, which is also found in Malesia....
L.Beauvis. ex Nakai - *CalophyllaceaeCalophyllaceaeCalophyllaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales and is recognized by the APG III system of classification. Most of the genera included in this family were previously recognized in the tribe Calophylleae of the Clusiaceae family. The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group...
J.Agardh - CaryocaraceaeCaryocaraceaeCaryocaraceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of two genera and about 25 species. The family is exclusively neotropical.- Species :Anthodiscus*Anthodiscus obovatus Benth. ex Wittm.*Anthodiscus pilosus Ducke...
Voigt - *CentroplacaceaeCentroplacaceaeCentroplacaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales and is recognized by the APG III system of classification. The family comprises two genera: Bhesa, which was formerly recognized in the Celastraceae, and Centroplacus, which was formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae...
Doweld & Reveal - $$ChrysobalanaceaeChrysobalanaceaeChrysobalanaceae is a family of trees, shrubs and flowering plants, consisting of 17 genera and about 460 species of leptocaul that grows in the Tropics or is subtropical and common in the Americas...
R.Br. - §ClusiaceaeClusiaceaeThe Clusiaceae or Guttiferae Juss. is a family of plants formerly including about 37 genera and 1610 species of trees and shrubs, often with milky sap and fruits or capsules for seeds. It is primarily tropical...
Lindl. - Ctenolophonaceae Exell & Mendonça
- $$DichapetalaceaeDichapetalaceaeDichapetalaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 3 genera and about 165 species. Members of this family are trees, shrubs or lianas found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world....
Baill. - ElatinaceaeElatinaceaeElatinaceae is a family of flowering plants with 35-50 species in 2 genera: Elatine and Bergia. The Elatine are mostly aquatic herbs, and the Bergia are subshrubs to shrubs. Elatine species are widely distributed throughout the world from temperate to tropical zones, with its greatest diversity...
Dumort. - $$§ErythroxylaceaeErythroxylaceaeThe Erythroxylaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of 4 genera and approximately 240 species. The best-known species is the coca plant , the source of the drug cocaine....
Kunth (including Aneulophus Benth.) - EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceaeEuphorbiaceae, the Spurge family are a large family of flowering plants with 300 genera and around 7,500 species. Most are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are also shrubs or trees. Some are succulent and resemble cacti....
Juss. - $$Euphroniaceae Marc.-Berti
- Goupiaceae Miers
- HumiriaceaeHumiriaceaeHumiriaceae is a family of evergreen flowering plants. It comprises 8 genera and about 50 species.The family is exclusively neotropical, except one species found in tropical West Africa....
A.Juss. - HypericaceaeHypericaceaeHypericaceae is a plant family in the order Malpighiales. Molecular data supports its monophyly. Some systematists treat it as a subfamily of the Clusiaceae. When it is accepted as a distinct family, it contains the following genera:* Cratoxylum Blume...
Juss. - IrvingiaceaeIrvingiaceaeIrvingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 20 species in 3 genera.The family is named for the Scottish naval surgeon, Edward George Irving....
Exell & Mendonça - IxonanthaceaeIxonanthaceaeIxonanthaceae is a family of woody flowering plants up to 90 m tall , consisting of about 30 species in 4 or 5 genera....
Planch. ex Miq. - LacistemataceaeLacistemataceaeLacistemataceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting 2 genera, Lacistema Sw. and Lozania Mutis ex Caldas .- Common name :Waits Numi...
Mart. - LinaceaeLinaceaeThe Linaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family is cosmopolitan, and includes approximately 250 species. There are 14 genera, classified into two subfamilies: Linoideae and Hugonioideae ....
DC. ex Perleb - Lophopyxidaceae H.Pfeiff.
- MalpighiaceaeMalpighiaceaeMalpighiaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Malpighiales. It comprises approximately 75 genera and 1300 species, all of which are native to the tropics and subtropics...
Juss. - $OchnaceaeOchnaceaeThe family Ochnaceae, or wild plane family, comprises mainly trees or shrubs, and more rarely herbaceous plants. Species of the Ochnaceae are found from subtropical to tropical regions. They are best represented in South America...
DC. (including Medusagynaceae Engl. & Gilg, QuiinaceaeQuiinaceaeQuiinaceae Engl. is a neotropical family of flowering plants in the Malpighiales, consisting of about 50 species in 4 genera . The APG III system of flowering plant classification does not recognize such a family, instead including these genera in the Ochnaceae family.- External links :* in ...
Choisy) - PandaceaePandaceaeThe family Pandaceae consists of three genera that were formerly recognized in the Euphorbiaceae. Those are:*Galearia...
Engl. & Gilg - $PassifloraceaePassifloraceaePassifloraceae is a family of flowering plants, containing about 530 species classified in around 18 genera. They include trees, shrubs, lianas and climbing plants, and are mostly found in tropical regions....
Juss. ex Roussel (including Malesherbiaceae D.Don, TurneraceaeTurneraceaeTurneraceae Kunth ex DC. is a family of flowering plants consisting of 120 species in 10 genera. The Cronquist system placed the Turneracids in the order Violales, but it is not currently recognized as a valid family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group in the APG III system of 2009, which includes...
Kunth ex DC.) - PhyllanthaceaePhyllanthaceaePhyllanthaceae is a family of flowering plants in the eudicot order Malpighiales. It is most closely related to the family Picrodendraceae. The Phyllanthaceae are most numerous in the tropics, with many in the south temperate zone, and a few ranging as far north as the middle of the north temperate...
Martinov - PicrodendraceaePicrodendraceaePicrodendraceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 80 species in 24 genera. These are subtropical to tropical and found in New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, Madagascar, continental Africa as well as tropical America....
Small - PodostemaceaePodostemaceaeThe Podostemaceae is a family in the order Malpighiales. It comprises about 50 genera and 250 species of more or less thalloid aquatic herbs....
Rich. ex Kunth - PutranjivaceaePutranjivaceaeThe rosid family Putranjivaceae is composed of about 210 species of evergreen tropical trees distributed into 4 genera. Members of this family have 2-ranked coriaceous leaves, which, if fresh, typically have a radish-like or peppery taste. The flowers are fasciculate and usually small, and the...
Meisn. - *RafflesiaceaeRafflesiaceaeRafflesiaceae is a family of parasitic plants found in east and southeast Asia, including Rafflesia arnoldii, the plant with the largest flower of all plants. The plants are endoparasites of vines in the genus Tetrastigma and lack stems, leaves, roots, and any photosynthetic tissue...
Dumort. - $$RhizophoraceaeRhizophoraceaeRhizophoraceae is a family constituted by tropical or subtropical flowering plants. Among the better known members are mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora...
Pers. - SalicaceaeSalicaceaeSalicaceae are a family of flowering plants. Recent genetic studies summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has greatly expanded the circumscription of the family to contain 55 genera....
Mirb. - $$TrigoniaceaeTrigoniaceaeTrigoniaceae is a family of flowering plants, consisting of 28 species in 4 genera. It is a tropical family found in Madagascar, Southeast Asia, Central and South America....
A.Juss. - ViolaceaeViolaceaeViolaceae are a family of flowering plants consisting of about 800 species in 21 genera. It takes its name from the genus Viola, the violets and pansies.Older classifications such as the Cronquist system placed Violaceae in an order named after it, the Violales...
Batsch
- Achariaceae
- CucurbitalesCucurbitalesThe Cucurbitales are an order of flowering plants, included in the rosid group of dicotyledons. This order mostly belongs to tropical areas, with limited presence in subtropic and temperate regions. The order includes shrubs and trees, together with many herbs and climbers...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- AnisophylleaceaeAnisophylleaceaeAnisophylleaceae is a small family with four genera in the order Cucurbitales, according to the APG II. However it is more isolated from the other suprafamilal clades in this order, while it shows some similarities in flower morphology with the genus Ceratopetalum...
Ridl. - BegoniaceaeBegoniaceaeBegoniaceae is a family of flowering plants with about 1400 species occurring in the subtropics and tropics of both the New World and Old World. All but one of the species are in the genus Begonia. The only other genus in the family, Hillebrandia, is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and has a single...
C.Agardh - Coriariaceae DC.
- Corynocarpaceae Engl.
- CucurbitaceaeCucurbitaceaeThe plant family Cucurbitaceae consists of various squashes, melons, and gourds, including crops such as cucumber, pumpkins, luffas, and watermelons...
Juss. - DatiscaceaeDatiscaceaeDatiscaceae are a family of Dicotyledonous plants, containing two species of the genus Datisca. Two other genera, Octomeles and Tetrameles are now classified in the Tetramelaceae family....
Dumort. - TetramelaceaeTetramelaceaeTetramelaceae is a family of plant formerly classed in the Datiscaceae family. It contains the following genera:* Octomeles* Tetrameles...
Airy Shaw
- Anisophylleaceae
- FabalesFabalesFabales is an order of flowering plants. It is included in the rosid group of the eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II classification system...
Bromhead- FabaceaeFabaceaeThe Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species...
Lindl. - PolygalaceaePolygalaceaeThe Polygalaceae or Milkwort family is a family of flowering plants in the order Fabales. They have a near-cosmopolitan range, with about 17 genera and 900–1,000 species of herbs, shrubs and trees...
Hoffmanns. & Link - Quillajaceae D.Don
- SurianaceaeSurianaceaeSurianaceae is a family of plants in the order Fabales. It has an unusual distribution: the genus Recchia is native to Mexico, and the sole member of Suriana, S. maritima, is a coastal plant with a pantropical distribution; and the remaining three genera are endemic to Australia.They range in...
Arn.
- Fabaceae
- FagalesFagalesThe Fagales are an order of flowering plants, including some of the best known trees. The order name is derived from genus Fagus, Beeches. They belong among the rosid group of dicotyledons...
Engl.- BetulaceaeBetulaceaeBetulaceae, or the Birch Family, includes six genera of deciduous nut-bearing trees and shrubs, including the birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams and hop-hornbeams, numbering about 130 species...
Gray - CasuarinaceaeCasuarinaceaeCasuarinaceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of 3 or 4 genera and approximately 70 species of trees and shrubs native to the Old World tropics , Australia, and the Pacific Islands...
R.Br. - FagaceaeFagaceaeThe family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both evergreen and deciduous trees and shrubs, which are characterized by alternate simple leaves with pinnate venation, unisexual flowers in the form of catkins, and fruit in the form of cup-like nuts. Fagaceous leaves are often...
Dumort. - §JuglandaceaeJuglandaceaeThe Juglandaceae, also known as the Walnut Family, is a family of trees, or sometimes shrubs, in the order Fagales. Various members of this family are native to the Americas, Eurasia, and Southeast Asia....
DC. ex Perleb (including RhoipteleaceaeRhoipteleaceaeRhoiptelea is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Juglandaceae family. It contains a single species, Rhoiptelea chiliantha, commonly known as the horsetail tree. This genus was previously recognized in its own family, Rhoipteleaceae, but the APG III system of 2009 placed it in the...
Hand.-Mazz.) - MyricaceaeMyricaceaeThe Myricaceae is a small family of dicotyledonous shrubs and small trees in the order Fagales. There are three genera in the family, although some botanists separate many species from Myrica into a fourth genus Morella...
A.Rich. ex Kunth - Nothofagaceae Kuprian
- Ticodendraceae Gómez-Laur. & L.D.Gómez
- Betulaceae
- RosalesRosalesRosales is an order of flowering plants. It is one of the four orders in the nitrogen fixing clade of the fabids and is sister to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales. It contains about 7700 species, distributed into about 260 genera. Rosales comprises nine families, the type family...
Bercht. & J.Presl- Barbeyaceae Rendle
- CannabaceaeCannabaceaeCannabaceae are a small family of flowering plants. As now circumscribed, the family includes about 170 species grouped in about 11 genera, including Cannabis , Humulus and Celtis...
Martinov - Dirachmaceae Hutch.
- ElaeagnaceaeElaeagnaceaeElaeagnaceae, the oleaster family, is a plant family of the order Rosales comprising small trees and shrubs, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, south into tropical Asia and Australia. The family has 45-50 species in three genera....
Juss. - MoraceaeMoraceaeMoraceae — often called the mulberry family or fig family — are a family of flowering plants comprising about 40 genera and over 1000 species. Most are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, less so in temperate climates...
Gaudich. - RhamnaceaeRhamnaceaeRhamnaceae, the Buckthorn family, is a large family of flowering plants, mostly trees, shrubs and some vines.The family contains 50-60 genera and approximately 870-900 species. The Rhamnaceae have a worldwide distribution, but are more common in the subtropical and tropical regions...
Juss. - RosaceaeRosaceaeRosaceae are a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including about 2830 species in 95 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the largest genera are Alchemilla , Sorbus , Crataegus , Cotoneaster , and Rubus...
Juss. - UlmaceaeUlmaceaeUlmaceae is a family of flowering plant that includes the elms , and the zelkovas . Members of the family are widely distributed throughout the north temperate zone, and have a scattered distribution elsewhere except for Australasia.The family was formerly sometimes treated to include the...
Mirb. - UrticaceaeUrticaceaeUrticaceae, or the nettle family, is a family of flowering plants. The family name comes from the genus Urtica . Urticaceae includes a number of well-known and useful plants, including the aforementioned nettles, Ramie , māmaki , and ajlai .The family includes approximately 2600 species, grouped...
Juss.
Eurosids II
- GeranialesGeranialesGeraniales are a small order of flowering plants, included within the rosid subgroup of dicotyledons. The largest family in the order is Geraniaceae with over 800 species. In addition, the order includes some small families, contributing together another less than 40 species...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- $GeraniaceaeGeraniaceaeGeraniaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus Geranium. It includes both the genus Geranium and the garden plants called geraniums, which modern botany classifies as genus Pelargonium, along with other related genera.There are...
Juss. (including Hypseocharitaceae Wedd.) - $MelianthaceaeMelianthaceaeThe Melianthaceae is a family of flowering plants. The APG II system includes them within the rosid clade. All members of the Melianthaceae proper are trees or shrubs found in tropical and southern Africa...
Horan. (including FrancoaceaeFrancoaceaeThe Francoaceae are a small family of plants, including the genus Francoa, commonly known as Bridal Wreaths. There are two genera, each with a single species....
A.Juss.) - §VivianiaceaeVivianiaceaeVivianiaceae is a family of flowering plants placed in the order Geraniales. The family name is derived from the genus Viviania Cav. It includes both the genus Viviania and genus Caesarea Cambess....
Klotzsch (including LedocarpaceaeLedocarpaceaeLedocarpaceae is a flowering plant family of shrubs native to western South America.-References:* in Stevens, P. F. ....
Meyen)
- $Geraniaceae
- MyrtalesMyrtalesThe Myrtales are an order of flowering plants placed as a basal group within the rosid group of dicotyledons...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- Alzateaceae S.A.Graham
- CombretaceaeCombretaceaeCombretaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Myrtales. The family includes about 600 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 18 genera. The family includes the leadwood tree, Combretum imberbe. Three genera, Conocarpus, Laguncularia and Lumnitzera, grow in mangrove habitats ....
R.Br. - CrypteroniaceaeCrypteroniaceaeCrypteroniaceae is a family of flowering trees and shrubs. The family includes about 10 species in 3 genera, native to Indomalaya.The Crypteroniaceae are native to tropical lowland and submontane rain forests. The genus Axinandra includes four species, one in Sri Lanka and the others in Borneo and...
A.DC. - LythraceaeLythraceaeLythraceae are a family of flowering plants. It includes about 620 species of mostly herbs, with some shrubs and trees, in 31 genera. Major genera include Cuphea , Lagerstroemia , Nesaea , Rotala , and Lythrum...
J.St.-Hil. - $MelastomataceaeMelastomataceaeright|thumb|200px|Characteristic venation of many melastomesThe family Melastomataceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics comprising some 200 genera and 4500 species...
Juss. (including MemecylaceaeMemecylaceaeMemecylaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family includes about 430 species of trees and shrubs in seven genera. Memecylaceae are widespread in the tropics....
DC.) - §MyrtaceaeMyrtaceaeThe Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of dicotyledon plants, placed within the order Myrtales. Myrtle, clove, guava, feijoa, allspice, and eucalyptus belong here. All species are woody, with essential oils, and flower parts in multiples of four or five...
Juss. (including Heteropyxidaceae Engl. & Gilg, Psiloxylaceae Croizat) - OnagraceaeOnagraceaeOnagraceae, also known as the Willowherb family or Evening Primrose family, are a family of flowering plants. The family includes about 640-650 species of herbs, shrubs, and trees in 20-24 genera...
Juss. - §PenaeaceaePenaeaceaePenaeaceae is a family of evergreen, leathery-leaved shrubs and small trees, native to South Africa. The family has 25 species in seven genera....
Sweet ex Guill. (including Oliniaceae Arn., Rhynchocalycaceae L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs) - VochysiaceaeVochysiaceaeVochysiaceae is a plant family belonging to the order of Myrtales.-Description:Trees or shrubs with opposite leaves; flowers are zygomorph 1--5 merous; ovary inferior or superior; one fertile stamen; fruits samara or capsules-Biogeography:...
A.St.-Hil.
- CrossosomatalesCrossosomatalesThe Crossosomatales are an order, newly recognized by the AGP II, of flowering plants, included within the Rosids, which are part of the eudicots...
Takht. ex Reveal- *AphloiaceaeAphloiaceaeAphloiaceae Takht. 1985, is a monogeneric family of flowering plants. It contains only one species Aphloia theiformis Benn., a species of evergreen shrubs or small trees occurring in East Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarene Islands and the Seychelles....
Takht. - CrossosomataceaeCrossosomataceaeCrossosomataceae is a small plant family, consisting of three genera of shrubs found only in the dry parts of the American southwest and Mexico.-External links:...
Engl. - *GeissolomataceaeGeissolomataceaeThe Geissolomataceae is a monotypic family of flowering plants native to the Cape Province of South Africa. The plants are xerophytic evergreen shrubs and are known to accumulate aluminum....
A.DC. - *Guamatelaceae S.Oh & D.Potter
- StachyuraceaeStachyuraceaeStachyuraceae is a flowering plant family of shrubs and small trees native to East and Southeast Asia. The plants have leaves with serrate margins and flowers in long, hanging racemes.- References :* in Stevens, P. F. ....
J.Agardh - StaphyleaceaeStaphyleaceaeStaphyleaceae is a small family of five genera of flowering plants in the order Crossosomatales, native to the Northern Hemisphere and also in South America. The genus Staphylea, which gives the family its name, contains the "bladdernut" trees.Genera...
Martinov - *§Strasburgeriaceae Soler. (including Ixerbaceae Griseb. ex Doweld & Reveal)
- *Aphloiaceae
- †Picramniales Doweld
- *PicramniaceaePicramniaceaeThe Picramniales are a small, mainly neotropical order of plants containing one family, the Picramniaceae, and three genera Alvaradoa, Nothotalisia and Picramnia. Members of the order were formerly placed in the family Simaroubaceae or misidentified as species in the family Sapindaceae, in the...
Fernando & Quinn
- *Picramniaceae
- †HuertealesHuertealesHuerteales is the botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It is one of the 17 orders that make up the large eudicot group known as the rosids in the APG III system of plant classification. Within the rosids, it is one of the orders in Malvidae, a group formerly known as eurosids II and...
Doweld- *DipentodontaceaeDipentodontaceaeDipentodon is a genus of flowering plants in the family Dipentodontaceae. Its only species, Dipentodon sinicus, is a small, deciduous tree native to southern China, Burma, and northern India. It has been little studied and until recently its affinities remained obscure.- Description :Dipentodon...
Merr. - *Gerrardinaceae Alford
- TapisciaceaeTapisciaceaeTapisciaceae is the botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Until recently it had been abandoned by taxonomists, and it was not recognised in the APG II system of 2003. Recently, however, it has been reinstated to encompass the two small genera Tapiscia and Huertea....
Takht.
- *Dipentodontaceae
- BrassicalesBrassicalesThe Brassicales are an order of flowering plants, belonging to the eurosids II group of dicotyledons under the APG II system. One character common to many members of the order is the production of glucosinolate compounds...
Bromhead- $AkaniaceaeAkaniaceaeAkaniaceae is a family of flowering plants in order Brassicales. It comprises two monotypic genera, Akania and Bretschneidera....
Stapf (including Bretschneideraceae Engl. & Gilg) - Bataceae Mart. ex Perleb
- §BrassicaceaeBrassicaceaeBrassicaceae, a medium sized and economically important family of flowering plants , are informally known as the mustards, mustard flowers, the crucifers or the cabbage family....
Burnett - *CapparaceaeCapparaceaeCapparaceae , commonly known as the Caper family, is a family of plants in order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, it contains 33 genera and about 700 species...
Juss. - CaricaceaeCaricaceaeCaricaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, native to tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. They are short-lived evergreen pachycaul shrubs or small trees growing to 5-10 m tall...
Dumort. - *CleomaceaeCleomaceaeCleomaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Brassicales, comprising about 300 species in 10 genera. These genera were previously included in the family Capparaceae, but were raised to a distinct family when DNA evidence showed that the genera included in it are more closely...
Bercht. & J.Presl - Emblingiaceae J.Agardh
- GyrostemonaceaeGyrostemonaceaeGyrostemonaceae is a family of plants in order Brassicales. It comprises 6 genera, totalling about 18 species. All are endemic to temperate parts of Australia. They are shrubs or small trees with small, often narrow leaves, and small flowers. They are wind-pollinated....
A.Juss. - KoeberliniaceaeKoeberliniaceaeKoeberlinia spinosa is a species of flowering plant native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico known by several common names, including Crown of Thorns, Allthorn, and Crucifixion Thorn. It is the sole species of the monotypic genus Koeberlinia, which is sometimes considered to be...
Engl. - LimnanthaceaeLimnanthaceaeLimnanthaceae are a small family of annual herbs occurring throughout temperate North America. There are eight species and nineteen taxa currently recognized. Members of this family are prominent in vernal pool communities of California. Some taxa have been domesticated for use as an oil seed crop...
R.Br. - Moringaceae Martinov
- Pentadiplandraceae Hutch. & Dalziel
- ResedaceaeResedaceaeResedaceae is a family of generally herbaceous dicotyledonous plants comprising some 70 species in six genera:*Caylusea*Ochradenus*Oligomeris*Randonia*Reseda*Sesamoides...
Martinov - SalvadoraceaeSalvadoraceaeSalvadoraceae is a family in the plant order Brassicales, comprising 3 genera totalling around 12 species. They occur in Africa, including Madagascar; South East Asia; and have also been found on Java, suggesting they are probably found in much of Malesia...
Lindl. - Setchellanthaceae Iltis
- Tovariaceae Pax
- Tropaeolaceae Juss. ex DC.
- $Akaniaceae
- MalvalesMalvalesMalvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots....
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- $BixaceaeBixaceaeBixaceae, or the achiote family, is a family of dicotyledonous plants. Under the Cronquist system, it was traditionally placed in the order Violales...
Kunth (including CochlospermaceaeCochlospermaceaeCochlospermaceae is a family of two genera and 20-25 species of trees and shrubs. They occur widely throughout the tropical regions of the world, but are curiously absent from Malaysia. Most species in this family are mesophytic or xerophytic, growing primarily in drier climates.Some authorities...
Planch., Diegodendraceae Capuron) - CistaceaeCistaceaeThe Cistaceae is a small family of plants known for its beautiful shrubs, which are profusely covered by flowers at the time of blossom...
Juss. - *CytinaceaeCytinaceaeCytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plant. It comprised two genera, Cytinus and Bdallophytum, totalling ten species.These two genera were formerly placed in family Rafflesiaceae, order Malpighiales. When they were first split out into a separate family, it was placed in Malpighiales, but...
A.Rich. - DipterocarpaceaeDipterocarpaceaeDipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 500 species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus Dipterocarpus, is derived from Greek and refers to the two-winged fruit...
Blume - MalvaceaeMalvaceaeMalvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2,300 species. Judd & al. Well known members of this family include okra, jute and cacao...
Juss. - MuntingiaceaeMuntingiaceaeMuntingiaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to the rosid order Malvales. It is a small family which consists of three monotypic genera: Dicraspidia, Muntingia and Neotessmannia. They are woody plants of the tropical regions of America. The older Cronquist System places these genera in...
C.Bayer, M.W.Chase & M.F.Fay - NeuradaceaeNeuradaceaeNeuradaceae is a family of flowering plant. It comprised three genera — Grielum, Neurada and Neuradopsis — totalling ten species....
Kostel. - SarcolaenaceaeSarcolaenaceaeThe Sarcolaenaceae are a family of flowering plants endemic to Madagascar. The family includes 40 species of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs in ten genera....
Caruel - SphaerosepalaceaeSphaerosepalaceaeSphaerosepalaceae is a family of flowering plants. It contains 14 species of trees and shrubs in two genera, Dialyceras and Rhopalocarpus, all of which are endemic to Madagascar. The family is alternatively known as the Rhopalocarpaceae....
Tiegh. ex Bullock - ThymelaeaceaeThymelaeaceaeThymelaeaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants composed of 50 genera and 898 species. It was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu.Thymelaeaceae is in the order Malvales...
Juss.
- $Bixaceae
- SapindalesSapindalesSapindales is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem....
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- AnacardiaceaeAnacardiaceaeAnacardiaceae are a family of flowering plants bearing fruits that are drupes and in some cases producing urushiol, an irritant. Anacardiaceae include numerous genera with several of economic importance. Notable plants in this family include cashew , mango, poison ivy, sumac, smoke tree, and marula...
R.Br. - Biebersteiniaceae Schnizl.
- BurseraceaeBurseraceaeBurseraceae is a moderate-sized family of 17-18 genera and about 540 species of flowering plants. The actual numbers differ according to the time period in which a given source is written describing this family. The Burseraceae is also known as the Torchwood family, the frankincense and myrrh...
Kunth - KirkiaceaeKirkiaceaeKirkiaceae is a family of flowering plant in the order Sapindales. It comprises two genera, Kirkia and Pleikirkia, totalling six species...
Takht. - MeliaceaeMeliaceaeThe Meliaceae, or the Mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs in the order Sapindales....
Juss. - $NitrariaceaeNitrariaceaeNitrariaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. It comprises three genera, Nitraria, Peganum and Tetradiclis, totalling 16 species....
Lindl. (including Peganaceae Tiegh. ex Takht., Tetradiclidaceae Takht.) - RutaceaeRutaceaeRutaceae, commonly known as the rue or citrus family, is a family of flowering plants, usually placed in the order Sapindales.Species of the family generally have flowers that divide into four or five parts, usually with strong scents...
Juss. - SapindaceaeSapindaceaeSapindaceae, also known as the soapberry family, is a family of flowering plants in the order Sapindales. There are about 140-150 genera with 1400-2000 species, including maple, horse chestnut and lychee....
Juss. - SimaroubaceaeSimaroubaceaeThe Simaroubaceae is a small, mostly tropical, family in the order Sapindales. In recent decades it has been subject to much taxonomic debate, with several small families being split off...
DC.
- Anacardiaceae
AsteridsAsteridsIn the APG II system for the classification of flowering plants, the name asterids refers to a clade .Most of the taxa belonging to this clade had been referred to the Asteridae in the Cronquist system and to the Sympetalae in earlier systems...
- CornalesCornalesCornales is an order of flowering plants, basal among the asterids, containing about 600 species. Plants within Cornales usually have four-parted flowers, drupaceous fruits, and inferior gynoecia topped with disc-shaped nectaries...
Link.- CornaceaeCornaceaeCornaceae is a cosmopolitan family of flowering plants in the order Cornales. It contains approximately 110 species, mostly trees and shrubs, which may be deciduous or evergreen. Members of this family usually have opposite or alternate simple leaves, four- or five-parted flowers clustered in...
Bercht. & J.Presl (including NyssaceaeNyssaceaeNyssaceae is a small family of flowering trees closely related to and often included within the dogwood family . Nyssaceae commonly includes the following genera:...
Juss. ex Dumort.) - Curtisiaceae Takht.
- GrubbiaceaeGrubbiaceaeGrubbiaceae is a family of flowering plants endemic to the Cape floristic region of South Africa. The family includes five species of leathery-leaved shrubs in two genera, Grubbia and Strobilocarpus. They are commonly known as sillyberry....
Endl. ex Meisn. - HydrangeaceaeHydrangeaceaeHydrangeaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe.-Overview:...
Dumort. - Hydrostachyaceae Engl.
- LoasaceaeLoasaceaeThe Loasaceae is a family of 15-20 genera and about 200-260 species of flowering plants in the order Cornales, native to the Americas and Africa. The family comprises annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous plants, and a few shrubs and small trees.Genera...
Juss.
- Cornaceae
- EricalesEricalesThe Ericales are a large and diverse order of dicotyledons, including for example tea, persimmon, blueberry, Brazil nut, and azalea. The order includes trees and bushes, lianas and herbaceous plants. Together with ordinary autophytic plants, the Ericales include chlorophyll-deficient...
Bercht. & J.Presl- ActinidiaceaeActinidiaceaeActinidiaceae, or the Chinese Gooseberry family, is a small family of plants. It includes three genera and about 360 species. It is a member of the order Ericales.-Distribution:...
Engl. & Gilg. - BalsaminaceaeBalsaminaceaeBalsaminaceae are a family of dicotyledonous plants, comprising two genera and 850+ species, all but one of which belong to the genus Impatiens...
A.Rich. - ClethraceaeClethraceaeClethraceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Asia and the Americas, with one species also on Madeira...
Klotzsch - CyrillaceaeCyrillaceaeCyrillaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas. The family comprises two genera, each with a single species, Cyrilla racemiflora and Cliftonia monophylla....
Lindl. - DiapensiaceaeDiapensiaceaeDiapensiaceae is a small family of flowering plants, comprising 12 species in five genera. Three of the genera, Berneuxia, Galax, and Pyxidanthera, contain only a single species. The Asian species of Shortia were formerly separated as the genus Schizocodon, and some authors still recognize S....
Lindl. - EbenaceaeEbenaceaeThe Ebenaceae are a family of flowering plants, which includes ebony and persimmon. The family has approximately 500 species of trees and shrubs in two genera, Diospyros and Euclea. The species are mostly evergreen and native to the tropics and subtropics, with a few deciduous species native to...
Gürke - EricaceaeEricaceaeThe Ericaceae, commonly known as the heath or heather family, is a group of mostly calcifuge flowering plants. The family is large, with roughly 4000 species spread across 126 genera, making it the 14th most speciose family of flowering plants...
Juss. - Fouquieriaceae DC.
- LecythidaceaeLecythidaceaeThe Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar.According to the most recent molecular analysis of Lecythidaceae The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of woody plants...
A.Rich. - MarcgraviaceaeMarcgraviaceaeMarcgraviaceae is a neotropical angiosperm family in the order Ericales.The members of the family are shrubs, woody epiphytes and lianas with alternate, pinnately-nerved leaves. The flowers are arranged in racemes. The flowers are accompanied by modified, fleshy saccate bracts which produce nectar....
Bercht. & J.Presl - *Mitrastemonaceae Makino
- $PentaphylacaceaePentaphylacaceaePentaphylax is a genus of flowering plants, with one or two species which are shrubs and small trees. The species has simple evergreen leaves that are alternately arranged on the stems...
Engl. (including Ternstroemiaceae Mirb. ex DC.) - PolemoniaceaePolemoniaceaePolemoniaceae are a family of about 25 genera with 270-400 species of annual and perennial plants, native to the Northern Hemisphere and South America, with the center of diversity in western North America, especially in California.Only one genus is found in Europe, and two in Asia, where they...
Juss. - §PrimulaceaePrimulaceaePrimulaceae is a family of flowering plants with about 24 genera, including some favorite garden plants and wildflowers. It is also known as the primrose family.- Genera :...
Batsch ex Borkh. (including Maesaceae Anderb., B.Ståhl & Källersjö, MyrsinaceaeMyrsinaceaeMyrsinaceae, or the Myrsine family, is a rather large family from the order Ericales. It consists of 35 genera and about 1000 species....
R.Br., TheophrastaceaeTheophrastaceaeTheophrastaceae is a small family of flowering plants. As currently circumscribed, the family consists of seven genera and 95 species of trees or shrubs, native to tropical regions of the Americas....
G.Don) - Roridulaceae Martinov
- SapotaceaeSapotaceaeSapotaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to order Ericales. The family includes approximately 800 species of evergreen trees and shrubs in approximately 65 genera . Distribution is pantropical....
Juss. - SarraceniaceaeSarraceniaceaeSarraceniaceae is a family of pitcher plants , belonging to order Ericales .The family comprises three extant genera: Sarracenia , Darlingtonia , and Heliamphora . The extinct Archaeamphora longicervia may also belong to this family...
Dumort. - $$SladeniaceaeSladeniaceaeSladeniaceae Airy Shaw is a family of flowering plants containing tree species found in sub-tropical to tropical environments in East Africa , Burma, Yunnan and Thailand...
Airy Shaw - StyracaceaeStyracaceaeStyracaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing 11 genera and about 160 species of trees and shrubs. The family occurs in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere....
DC. & Spreng. - SymplocaceaeSymplocaceaeSymplocos is a genus of flowering plants in the order Ericales, containing about 250 species native to Asia, Australia and the Americas.Symplocos species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including The Engrailed....
Desf. - $TetrameristaceaeTetrameristaceaeTetrameristaceae is the botanical name of a family of flowering plants. The family consists of four species, of trees or shrubs, in two genera:* Tetramerista in Southeast Asia* Pentamerista in the Guyanas....
Hutch. (including Pellicieraceae L.Beauvis.) - TheaceaeTheaceaeThe Theaceae is a family of flowering plants, composed of shrubs and trees. Some botanists include the family Ternstroemiaceae within the Theaceae while others do not...
Mirb. ex Ker Gawl.
- Actinidiaceae
Euasterids I
- §*BoraginaceaeBoraginaceaeBoraginaceae, the Borage or Forget-me-not family, include a variety of shrubs, trees, and herbs, totaling about 2,000 species in 146 genera found worldwide.A number of familiar plants belong to this family....
Juss. (including Hoplestigmataceae Gilg) - Vahliaceae Dandy
- IcacinaceaeIcacinaceaeIcacinaceae is a family of flowering plants.It consists of trees, shrubs, and lianas, primarily of the tropics.The family was traditionally circumscribed quite broadly, with around 55 genera totalling over 400 species...
Miers - Metteniusaceae H.Karst. ex Schnizl.
- Oncothecaceae Kobuski ex Airy Shaw
- GarryalesGarryalesThe Garryales are a small order of dicotyledons, including only two families and three genera:* Family Garryaceae**Garrya**Aucuba* Family Eucommiaceae**Eucommia...
Lindl.- Eucommiaceae Engl.
- $GarryaceaeGarryaceaeGarryaceae is a small family of dicotyledons, including only two genera:*Garrya Douglas ex Lindl., 1834. About 16-18 species.*Aucuba Thunb., 1783. About 3-10 species....
Lindl. (including Aucubaceae Bercht. & J.Presl)
- GentianalesGentianalesGentianales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.The circumscription of Gentiales in the Cronquist system included a broadly defined Loganiaceae , Retziaceae, Gentianaceae, Saccifoliaceae, Apocynaceae, and Asclepiadaceae...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- ApocynaceaeApocynaceaeThe Apocynaceae or dogbane family is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and lianas.Many species are tall trees found in tropical rainforests, and most are from the tropics and subtropics, but some grow in tropical dry, xeric environments. There are also perennial herbs...
Juss. - GelsemiaceaeGelsemiaceaeGelsemiaceae is a family of flowering plants, belonging to order Gentianales. The family contains only two genera: Gelsemium and Mostuea. Gelsemium has three species, one native to Southeast Asia and southern China and two native to Southeastern United States, Mexico and Central America...
Struwe & V.A.Albert - GentianaceaeGentianaceaeGentianaceae are a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species. Flowers are actinomorphic and bisexual with fused sepals and petals. The stamens are attached to the inside of the petals and alternate with the corolla lobes. There is a glandular disk at the base of the gynoecium,...
Juss. - LoganiaceaeLoganiaceaeLoganiaceae are a family of flowering plants classified in order Gentianales. The family includes 13 genera, distributed around the world's tropics.Earlier treatments of the family have included up to 29 genera...
R.Br. ex Mart. - RubiaceaeRubiaceaeThe Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...
Juss.
- Apocynaceae
- LamialesLamialesLamiales is an order in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 20 families...
Bromhead- §AcanthaceaeAcanthaceaeThe family Acanthaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species....
Juss. - BignoniaceaeBignoniaceaeThe Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of flowering plants comprising about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. Members of the family are mostly trees and lianas , shrubs and more rarely herbaceous plants. As climber plants, they are twine climbers or tendril climbers, and rarely...
Juss. - Byblidaceae Domin
- CalceolariaceaeCalceolariaceaeCalceolariaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that has been recently segregated from Scrophulariaceae. The family includes three genera, Calceolaria, Porodittia, and Jovellana...
Olmstead - CarlemanniaceaeCarlemanniaceaeThe Carlemanniaceae are a tropical East Asian and Southeast Asian family of subshrub to herbaceous perennial flowering plants with 2 genera. Older systems of plant taxonomy place the two genera, Carlemannia, and Silvianthus within the Caprifoliaceae or the Rubiaceae...
Airy Shaw - GesneriaceaeGesneriaceaeGesneriaceae is a family of flowering plants consisting of ca. 150 genera and ca. 3,200 species in the Old World and New World tropics and subtropics, with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.Most...
Rich. & Juss. - LamiaceaeLamiaceaeThe mints, taxonomically known as Lamiaceae or Labiatae, are a family of flowering plants. They have traditionally been considered closely related to Verbenaceae, but in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae...
Martinov - *LinderniaceaeLinderniaceaeThe Linderniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales, which consists of about 13 genera and 195 species from worldwide, mainly in neotropics....
Borsch, K.Müll., & Eb.Fisch. - LentibulariaceaeLentibulariaceaeLentibulariaceae is a family of carnivorous plants containing three genera, Genlisea, the corkscrew plants, Pinguicula, the butterworts, and Utricularia, the bladderworts....
Rich. - MartyniaceaeMartyniaceaeMartyniaceae is a family of flowering plants in the Lamiales order that are restricted to the New World. The family was included in Pedaliaceae in the Cronquist system but is recognized as a separate family by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group on the basis of phylogenetic studies that show that the...
Horan. - OleaceaeOleaceaeOleaceae are a family containing 24 extant genera and around 600 species of mesophytic shrubs, trees and occasionally vines. As shrubs, members of this family may be twine climbers, or scramblers.-Leaves:...
Hoffmanns. & Link - OrobanchaceaeOrobanchaceaeOrobanchaceae, the broomrape family, is a family of flowering plants of the order Lamiales, with about 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Many of these genera were formerly included in the family Scrophulariaceae sensu lato...
Vent. - Paulowniaceae Nakai
- PedaliaceaePedaliaceaePedaliaceae is a flowering plant family classified in the order Scrophulariales in the Cronquist system and Lamiales in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system...
R.Br. - PhrymaceaePhrymaceaePhrymaceae , also known as the Lopseed family, is a small plant family in the order Lamiales. It now consists of about 190 species, distributed worldwide but with the majority in western North America and Australia .Previously, this family was monotypic with the genus Phryma, and limited in...
Schauer - §PlantaginaceaePlantaginaceaePlantaginaceae Juss. or plantain family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales. The type genus is Plantago L..In older classifications it used to be the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have...
Juss. - Plocospermataceae Hutch.
- SchlegeliaceaeSchlegeliaceaeSchlegeliaceae is a family of plants native to tropical America. This family is sometimes included in Scrophulariaceae....
Reveal - ScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaceaeScrophulariaceae, the figwort family, are a family of flowering plants. The plants are annual or perennial herbs with flowers with bilateral or rarely radial symmetry. Members of the Scrophulariaceae have a cosmopolitan distribution, with the majority found in temperate areas, including...
Juss. - StilbaceaeStilbaceaeStilbaceae is a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales.Genera include:*Anastrabe E. Mey. ex Benth.*Bowkeria Harv.*Campylostachys Kunth*Charadrophila Marloth*Euthystachys A. DC.*Halleria L.*Ixianthes Benth....
Kunth - Tetrachondraceae Wettst.
- *Thomandersiaceae Sreem.
- VerbenaceaeVerbenaceaeVerbenaceae, commonly known as the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. It contains trees, shrubs and herbs notable for heads, spikes, or clusters of small flowers, many of which have an aromatic smell.Recent phylogenetic studies have shown that...
J.St.-Hil.
- §Acanthaceae
- SolanalesSolanalesThe Solanales are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order....
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- ConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceaeConvolvulaceae, known commonly as the bindweed or morning glory family, are a group of about 60 genera and more than 1,650 species of mostly herbaceous vines, but also trees, shrubs and herbs.- Description :...
Juss. - Hydroleaceae R.Br. ex Edwards
- MontiniaceaeMontiniaceaeMontiniaceae is a family of flowering plants. It includes two or three genera of shrubs and small trees, native to southwest Africa and tropical East Africa as well as Madagascar. The genera Grevea and Montinia are included in most classification systems...
Nakai - SolanaceaeSolanaceaeSolanaceae are a family of flowering plants that include a number of important agricultural crops as well as many toxic plants. The name of the family comes from the Latin Solanum "the nightshade plant", but the further etymology of that word is unclear...
Juss. - Sphenocleaceae T.Baskerv.
- Convolvulaceae
Euasterids II
- AquifolialesAquifolialesThe Aquifoliales are an order of flowering plants, including most notably the Aquifoliaceae, or holly family, and also the Helwingiaceae and the Phyllonomaceae . In 2001, the families Stemonuraceae and Cardiopteridaceae were added to this order...
Senft- Aquifoliaceae Bercht. & J.Presl
- §CardiopteridaceaeCardiopteridaceaeCardiopteridaceae is a eudicot family of flowering plants. It consists of about 43 species of trees, shrubs, and woody vines, mostly of the tropics, but with a few in temperate regions. It contains six genera, the largest of which is Citronella, with 21 species. The other genera are much smaller...
Blume (including Leptaulaceae Tiegh.) - Helwingiaceae Decne.
- PhyllonomaceaePhyllonomaceaeThe family Phyllonomaceae is a family of dicotyledons, consisting of 4 species of trees and shrubs in the genus Phyllonoma. They are native to Central America ....
Small - Stemonuraceae Kårehed
- AsteralesAsteralesAsterales is an order of dicotyledonous flowering plants that includes the composite family and its related families.The order is a cosmopolite, and includes mostly herbaceous species, although a small number of trees and shrubs are also present.The Asterales can be characterized on the...
Link- AlseuosmiaceaeAlseuosmiaceaeAlseuosmiaceae is a plant family of the order Asterales, found in Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand.They are shrubs with simple, alternate leaves, spiral or whorled, with entire or dentate margins. The solitary flowers are terminal or axillary, or aggregated in fascicles and rarely in...
Airy Shaw - ArgophyllaceaeArgophyllaceaeThe Argophyllaceae is a family of shrubs or small trees belonging to the order Asterales. The family includes two genera Argophyllum and Corokia. Members of the family are native to eastern Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, New Caledonia, and Rapa Iti....
Takht. - AsteraceaeAsteraceaeThe Asteraceae or Compositae , is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. The group has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera and 12 subfamilies...
Bercht. & J.Presl - CalyceraceaeCalyceraceaeCalyceraceae is a plant family in the order Asterales.The members of the family have simple, alternate leaves and flowers arranged in heads. The flowers have 5 fused petals.Selected genera:*Acarpha*Acicarpha*Boopis*Calycera...
R.Br. ex Rich. - $CampanulaceaeCampanulaceaeThe family Campanulaceae , of the order Asterales, contains about 2000 species in 70 genera of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and rarely small trees, often with milky non-toxic sap...
Juss. (including LobeliaceaeLobeliaceaeLobelioideae is a subfamily of the plant family Campanulaceae. It contains 32 genera, totalling about 1200 species. Some of the larger genera are Lobelia, Siphocampylus, Centropogon, Burmeistera and Cyanea....
Juss.) - GoodeniaceaeGoodeniaceaeGoodeniaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Asterales. It contains about 404 species in twelve genera. The family is distributed mostly in Australia, except for the genus Scaevola, which is pantropical...
R.Br. - MenyanthaceaeMenyanthaceaeMenyanthaceae are a family of aquatic and wetland plants in the order Asterales. There are approximately 60-70 species in five genera distributed worldwide. The simple or compound leaves arise alternately from a creeping rhizome. In the submersed aquatic genus Nymphoides, leaves are floating and...
Dumort. - Pentaphragmataceae J.Agardh
- Phellinaceae Takht.
- RousseaceaeRousseaceaeRousseaceae is a plant family in the order Asterales containing trees and shrubs. The fruit is a berry or capsule. Leaves are simple, with toothed margins. Leaf stipules are not seen in this group....
DC. - $StylidiaceaeStylidiaceaeThe family Stylidiaceae is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It consists of five genera with over 240 species, most of which are endemic to Australia and New Zealand. Members of Stylidiaceae are typically grass-like herbs or small shrubs and can be perennials or annuals...
R.Br. (including Donatiaceae B.Chandler)
- Alseuosmiaceae
- †Escalloniales R.Br.
- §EscalloniaceaeEscalloniaceaeThe Escalloniaceae is a family of flowering plants comprising about 130 species in seven genera. In the APG II system it is one of eight families in the euasterids II clade that are unplaced as to order...
R.Br. ex Dumort. (including Eremosynaceae Dandy, Polyosmaceae Blume, Tribelaceae Airy Shaw)
- §Escalloniaceae
- †BrunialesBrunialesBruniales is a valid botanic name at the rank of order. Until recently it was not in use, but a 2008 study suggested that Bruniaceae and Columelliaceae are sister clades...
Dumort.- BruniaceaeBruniaceaeBruniaceae is a family of shrubs native to the cape region of South Africa. They are mostly restricted to the Cape Province, but a small number of species occur in KwaZulu-Natal....
R.Br. ex DC. - §ColumelliaceaeColumelliaceaeColumelliaceae is a family of trees and shrubs native to the Andes of South America.In the APG II taxonomy they are placed in the order Lamiales, but a 2008 study suggested that they are sister to the Bruniaceae, and the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website proposes incorporating this finding by placing...
D.Don (including Desfontainiaceae Endl.)
- Bruniaceae
- †Paracryphiales Takht. ex Reveal
- §ParacryphiaceaeParacryphiaceaeParacryphiaceae is a family of woody shrubs and trees native to Australia, south-east Asia, and New Caledonia. Under the APG II system, this family contains two genera: the monotypic Paracryphia, endemic to New Caledonia; and Quintinia, with 25 species in the Philippines, New Guinea, the east coast...
Airy Shaw (including *Quintiniaceae Doweld, Sphenostemonaceae P.Royen & Airy Shaw)
- §Paracryphiaceae
- DipsacalesDipsacalesThe Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.Under the Cronquist system, the order included Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Valerianaceae. Under the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system, the circumscription of the order is...
Juss. ex Bercht. & J.Presl- AdoxaceaeAdoxaceaeThe Adoxaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, as now constituted comprising four genera and about 150-200 species. It is characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rarely, four-petalled flowers in cymose inflorescences, and the fruit being a drupe...
E.Mey. - §CaprifoliaceaeCaprifoliaceaeThe Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade consisting of about 800 dicotyledonous flowering plants, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution; centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa.They are mostly...
Juss. (including Diervillaceae Pyck, DipsacaceaeDipsacaceaeThe Dipsacaceae, or teasel family, of the order Dipsacales contains 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. Native to most temperate climates, they are found in Europe, Asia and Africa...
Juss., Linnaeaceae Backlund, MorinaceaeMorinaceaeMorinaceae is a family of plants in the order Dipsacales. The Genus Morina has also been included in family Dipsacaceae. Currently three genera are listed in this family:* Acanthocalyx* Cryptothladia* Morina-References:...
Raf., ValerianaceaeValerianaceaeThe Valerianaceae, or valerian family, of the order Dipsacales contains about 350 species in 7 genera. Plants are generally herbaceous and foliage often has a strong, disagreeable odor. They are found native in most regions of the world except for Australia...
Batsch)
- Adoxaceae
- ApialesApialesThe Apiales are an order of flowering plants. The families given at right are those recognized in the APG III system. This is typical of the newer classifications, though there is some slight variation, and in particular the Torriceliaceae may be divided...
Nakai- ApiaceaeApiaceaeThe Apiaceae , commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants...
Lindl. - AraliaceaeAraliaceaeAraliaceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as the Aralia family or Ivy family. The family includes 254 species of trees, shrubs, lianas and perennial herbaceous plants into 2 subfamilies...
Juss. - Griseliniaceae J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. ex A.Cunn.
- MyodocarpaceaeMyodocarpaceaeMyodocarpaceae is a family of plants including two genera. The family is accepted under the APG II system, but in some other systems is traditionally included among the Araliaceae....
Doweld - Pennantiaceae J.Agardh
- PittosporaceaePittosporaceaePittosporaceae is a family of flowering plants. The family includes approximately 200 species of trees, shrubs, and lianas in 9-10 genera. The species of Pittosporaceae range from tropical to temperate climates of the Afrotropic, Indomalaya, Oceania, and Australasia ecozones.-Genera:* Auranticarpa...
R.Br. - §TorricelliaceaeTorricelliaceaeTorricelliaceae is a family of trees native to Madagascar and south-west Asia. It contains three genera, Aralidium, Melanophylla and Torricellia...
Hu (including Aralidiaceae Philipson & B.C.Stone, Melanophyllaceae Takht. ex Airy Shaw)
- Apiaceae
Taxa of uncertain position
- ApodanthaceaeApodanthaceaeThe family Apodanthaceae comprises 22 to 30 species of endoparasitic herbs. They live in branches or roots of their host , emerging only to flower. The only leaves present are several bracts at the base of each flower. The plants do not carry out any photosynthesis...
Takht. (three genera) - Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lindl.
- Gumillea Ruiz & Pav.
- PetenaeaPetenaeaPetenaea cordata was first described in Elaeocarpaceae and later placed in Tiliaceae, but most authors have been uncertain about its familial affinities. It was considered a taxon incertae sedis in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification...
Lundell (probably in MalvalesMalvalesMalvales are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, it includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots....
) - Nicobariodendron (see Simmons, 2004; probably in CelastraceaeCelastraceaeThe Celastraceae , is a family of about 90-100 genera and 1,300 species of vines, shrubs and small trees, belonging to the order Celastrales...
).
Phylogeny
The APG III system was based on a phylogenetic treePhylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the inferred evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities based upon similarities and differences in their physical and/or genetic characteristics...
for the angiosperms which included all of the 59 orders and 4 of the unplaced families. The systematic
Systematics
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of terrestrial life, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees...
positions
Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, describes, classifies, identifies, and names plants. It thus is one of the main branches of taxonomy.Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two...
of the other 6 unplaced families was so uncertain that they could not be placed in any of the polytomies
Polytomy
A polytomy , meaning many temporal based branches, is a section of a phylogeny in which the evolutionary relationships can not be fully resolved to dichotomies. In a phylogenetic tree, a polytomy is represented as a node which has more than two immediate descending branches...
in the tree. They are shown in the classification table entitled "Detailed version" above.
The phylogenetic tree shown below was published with the APG III system, but without some of the labels that are added here.
Campanulids (continued)
Subfamilies replacing discontinued families
A number of subfamilies have been proposed to replace some of the families which were optional (i.e. bracketed) in APG II, but have been discontinued in APG III. These are shown in the table below.| APG II bracketed family | APG III family: subfamily |
|---|---|
| Agapanthaceae | Amaryllidaceae: Agapanthoideae |
| Agavaceae | Asparagaceae: Agavoideae |
| Alliaceae | Amaryllidaceae: Allioideae |
| Amaryllidaceae | Amaryllidaceae: Amaryllidoideae |
| Aphyllanthaceae | Asparagaceae: Aphyllanthoideae |
| Asparagaceae | Asparagaceae: Asparagoideae |
| Asphodelaceae | Xanthorrhoeaceae: Asphodeloideae |
| Hemerocallidaceae | Xanthorrhoeaceae: Hemerocallidoideae |
| Hesperocallidaceae | Asparagaceae: Agavoideae |
| Hyacinthaceae | Asparagaceae: Scilloideae |
| Laxmanniaceae | Asparagaceae: Lomandroideae |
| Ruscaceae | Asparagaceae: Nolinoideae |
| Themidaceae | Asparagaceae: Brodiaeoideae |
| Xanthorrhoeaceae | Xanthorrhoeaceae: Xanthorrhoeoideae |
External links
- The APG III paper: An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III
- The LAPG III paper: The Linear Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (LAPG) III: a linear sequence of the families in APG III
- The phylogenetic classification of land plants paper: A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III
- Angiosperm Phylogeny Website at the Missouri Botanical Garden website