Rothschild family
Encyclopedia
The Rothschild family (ˈʁoːt.ʃɪlt), known as The House of Rothschild, or more simply as the Rothschilds, is a Jewish-German family that established European banking and finance houses starting in the late 18th century. Five lines of the Austrian branch of the family have been elevated to Austrian nobility
Austrian nobility
Historically, the Austrian nobility was a privileged social class in Austria. The nobility was officially abolished in 1919 after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Former noble families and their descendants are still a part of Austrian society today, but they no longer retain any specific...
being given hereditary baronies of the Habsburg Empire by Emperor Francis II
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
in 1816. The British branch of the family was elevated to British nobility
British nobility
-General History of British Nobility:The nobility of the four constituent home nations of the United Kingdom has played a major role in shaping the history of the country, although in the present day even hereditary peers have no special rights, privileges or responsibilities, except for residual...
at the request of Queen Victoria. It has been argued that during the 19th century, the family possessed by far the largest private fortune in the world as well as by far the largest fortune in modern world history.
Historical records and overview
Historian Paul Johnson writes "[T]he Rothschilds are elusive. There is no book about them that is both revealing and accurate. Libraries of nonsense have been written about them. For this the family is largely to blame." A woman who planned to write a book entitled Lies about the Rothschilds abandoned it, saying: "It was relatively easy to spot the lies, but it proved impossible to find out the truth. The family is highly secretive... They kept no more documentation than was necessary. They systematically destroyed their papers." He also notes that this was understandable, since they were private bankers and had confidential relations with several governments and innumerable powerful individuals. They were Jews, and particularly concerned that details could be used to promote anti-Semitism. Their latest historian, Miriam Rothschild, believes another reason was that they kept no munimentMuniment
A Muniment or Muniment of Title is a legal term for a document, or other evidence, that indicates ownership of an asset. The word is derived from munimentum, the Latin word for a defensive fortification...
room. The Rothschilds were not interested in their history, but were respectful towards their ancestors, as a matter of good form; they prudently thought about the future, but lived for the present.
"All the same," Johnson writes, "the salient facts about the Rothschilds are clear enough. They were a product of the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
, just as the first phase of large-scale Jewish finance was a product of the Thirty Years War, and for the same reason: in wartime, Jewish creativity comes to the fore and gentile prejudice goes to the rear. In all essentials, the family fortune was created by Nathan Mayer Rothschild in London." He notes that prior to the beginning of the revolutionary wars in France, in the mid-1790s, European merchant banking was dominated by non-Jews, including the "Barings of London
Baring family properties
Baring family properties is a listing of significant properties in England that were purchased or developed by members of the Baring family, mostly during the period 1820-1890....
, the Hopes of Amsterdam
Hope & Co.
Hope & Co. is the name of a famous Dutch bank that spanned two and a half centuries. Though the founders were Scotsmen, the bank was located in Amsterdam, and at the close of the 18th century it had offices in London as well.-Early days:...
and the Gebrüder Bethmann of Frankfurt
Bethmann bank
Delbrück Bethmann Maffei AG is a private bank headquartered in Frankfurt am Main. It's a subsidiary of the Dutch bank ABN AMRO and was created in 2004 from a merger of the banks Bankhaus Delbrück & Co and Bethmann-Maffei...
". The financial demands of war quickly expanded the money-raising market and so opened room for newcomers, including a German-Jewish group with the Oppenheims
Oppenheim family
The Oppenheim Family is a German-Jewish financial dynasty, which has been a prominent family in banking and finance in the European markets since at least the 18th century. According to Forbes Magazine's Family Dynasties, the Oppenheim Family divides control of their multi-billion dollar fortune...
, Rothschilds, Heines
Salomon Heine
Salomon Heine was a merchant and banker in Hamburg. Heine was born in Hanover, Germany. Penniless, he came to Hamburg in 1784 and in the following years acquired sizeable assets. It was common knowledge at the time that he was benefactor and patron to his nephew Heinrich Heine...
, and Mendelssohns
Mendelssohn & Co.
Mendelssohn & Co. was a private bank residing in Berlin, Germany. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was one of the preeminent banking houses in Europe....
among them.
Origins
The family's rise to European prominence began in 1744, with the birth of Mayer Amschel RothschildMayer Amschel Rothschild
Mayer Amschel Rothschild was the founder of the Rothschild family international banking dynasty that became the most successful business family in history. In 2005, he was ranked 7th on the Forbes magazine list of "The Twenty Most Influential Businessmen Of All Time"...
in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He was the son of Amschel Moses Rothschild
Amschel Moses Rothschild
Amschel Moses Rothschild was an 18th century German Jewish moneychanger and trader in silk cloth in the ghetto in Frankfurt am Main, Germany....
, (born circa 1710), who was a money changer
Money changer
A money changer is a person who exchanges the coins or currency of one country for that of another. This trade is thought generally to be the origin of modern banking in Europe....
, who had traded with the Prince of Hesse
House of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European royal dynasty from the region of Hesse, originally and still formally the House of Brabant.-History:The origins of the House of Hesse begin with the marriage of Sophie of Thuringia, daughter of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia and Elizabeth of Hungary with Henry...
. Born in the ghetto
Ghetto
A ghetto is a section of a city predominantly occupied by a group who live there, especially because of social, economic, or legal issues.The term was originally used in Venice to describe the area where Jews were compelled to live. The term now refers to an overcrowded urban area often associated...
(called "Judengasse" or Jewish-alley) of Frankfurt
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
, Mayer developed a finance house and spread his empire by installing each of his five sons in European cities to conduct business. He adopted the surname of Rothschild taking that name from a sign with a red shield that hung over the door to his business establishment.
Paul Johnson notes that unlike the court Jew
Court Jew
Court Jew is a term, typically applied to the Early Modern period, for historical Jewish bankers who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European royalty and nobility....
s of earlier generations, who had helped finance and manage European noble houses, but often lost their winnings through violence or expropriation, the new kind of international firm created by the Rothschilds became impervious to local attacks. Despite newly acquired but largely illusionary Jewish rights, when anti-Semitic violence broke out in many parts of Germany, during the Hep-Hep riots
Hep-Hep riots
The Hep-Hep riots were early 19th century pogroms against German Jews. The antisemitic communal violence began on August 2, 1819 in Würzburg and soon reached as far as regions of Denmark, Poland, Latvia and Bohemia. Many Jews were killed and much Jewish property was destroyed.-Historical...
in 1819 and again during the revolutions of 1848
Revolutions of 1848
The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations, Springtime of the Peoples or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848. It was the first Europe-wide collapse of traditional authority, but within a year reactionary...
, the assaults on the Rothschild house in Frankfurt caused no real difference in their international operations. Their assets were no longer held there; they were held in financial instruments, circulating through the world as stocks, bonds and debts. Changes made by the Rothschilds completed a process that Jewish bankers and merchants had been working on for centuries, which was how to insulate their property from the ravages of local violence: "Henceforth their real wealth was beyond the reach of the mob, almost beyond the reach of greedy monarchs."
Another essential part of Mayer Rothschild's strategy for future success was to keep control of their businesses in family hands, allowing them to maintain full discretion about the size of their wealth and their business achievements. About 1906, the Jewish Encyclopedia
Jewish Encyclopedia
The Jewish Encyclopedia is an encyclopedia originally published in New York between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. It contained over 15,000 articles in 12 volumes on the history and then-current state of Judaism and the Jews as of 1901...
noted: "The practice initiated by the Rothschilds of having several brothers of a firm establish branches in the different financial centers was followed by other Jewish financiers, like the Bischoffsheims, Pereires
Banque Transatlantique
Banque Transatlantique is one of France's oldest private banks. It is unusual among private banks in having a strong focus on serving expatriates, diplomats and international civil servants apart from being the wealth management arm of its parent group...
, Seligmans
J. & W. Seligman & Co.
J. & W. Seligman & Co., founded in 1846, was a prominent U.S. investment bank c. 1860s–1920s until the divestiture of its investment banking arm in the aftermath of the Glass–Steagall Act. The firm was involved in the financing of several major U.S. railroads in the 1870s and the construction of...
, Lazard
Lazard
Lazard Ltd is the parent company of Lazard Group LLC, a global, independent investment bank with approximately 2,300 employees in 42 cities across 27 countries throughout Europe, North America, Asia, Australia, Central and South America...
s, and others, and these financiers by their integrity and financial skill obtained credit not alone with their Jewish confrères, but with the banking fraternity in general. By this means Jewish financiers obtained an increasing share of international finance during the middle and last quarter of the nineteenth century. The head of the whole group was the Rothschild family...". It also states: "Of more recent years, non-Jewish financiers have learned the same cosmopolitan method, and, on the whole, the control is now rather less than more in Jewish hands than formerly."
Mayer Rothschild successfully kept the fortune in the family with carefully arranged marriage
Arranged marriage
An arranged marriage is a practice in which someone other than the couple getting married makes the selection of the persons to be wed, meanwhile curtailing or avoiding the process of courtship. Such marriages had deep roots in royal and aristocratic families around the world...
s, often between first or second cousins
Cousin marriage
Cousin marriage is marriage between two cousins. In various jurisdictions and cultures, such marriages range from being considered ideal and actively encouraged, to being uncommon but still legal, to being seen as incest and legally prohibited....
(similar to Royal intermarriage
Royal intermarriage
Royal intermarriage is the practice of members of ruling dynasties marrying into other reigning families. It was more commonly done in the past as part of strategic diplomacy for reasons of state...
). By the late 19th century almost all Rothschilds had started to marry outside the family, usually into the aristocracy or other financial dynasties.
His sons were:
- Amschel Mayer RothschildAmschel Mayer RothschildAmschel Mayer Rothschild was a German Jewish banker of the Rothschild family financial dynasty.He was the second child and eldest son of Mayer Amschel Rothschild , the founder of the dynasty, and Gutlé Rothschild née Schnapper .On the death of Mayer Amschel in 1812, Amschel Mayer succeeded as head...
(1773–1855): FrankfurtFrankfurtFrankfurt am Main , commonly known simply as Frankfurt, is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany, with a 2010 population of 688,249. The urban area had an estimated population of 2,300,000 in 2010...
, died childless, passed to sons of Salomon and Calmann - Salomon Mayer RothschildSalomon Mayer von RothschildSalomon Mayer von Rothschild was a German-born banker in the Austrian Empire and the founder of the Viennese branch of the prominent Mayer Amschel Rothschild family....
(1774–1855): ViennaViennaVienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre... - Nathan Mayer RothschildNathan Mayer RothschildNathan Mayer, Freiherr von Rothschild , known as Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was a London financier and one of the founders of the international Rothschild family banking dynasty...
(1777–1836): London - Calmann Mayer RothschildCarl Mayer von RothschildCarl Mayer von Rothschild was a German-born banker in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the founder of the Rothschild banking family of Naples....
(1788–1855): NaplesNaplesNaples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples... - Jakob Mayer RothschildJames Mayer de RothschildJames Mayer de Rothschild was a French banker and the original founder of the French branch of the Rothschild family.-Biography:...
(1792–1868): Paris
The Rothschild coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
contains a clenched fist with five arrows symbolizing the five sons of Mayer Rothschild, a reference to Psalm
Psalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
127: "Like arrows in the hands of a warrior". The family motto appears below the shield, in Latin, Concordia, Integritas, Industria, (Harmony, Integrity, Industry). The German family name means "Red Shield". Today, it would be spelled "Rotschild", and is pronounced approximately ROT-shillt in German, not wroth(s)-child as it is in English. The surname "Rothschild" is not uncommon in Germany, and the vast majority of the bearers of the name are unrelated to this family. Moreover, the German surnames "Rothschild" and "Rothchild" are not related to the Protestant surname "Rothchilds" from the United Kingdom.
Families by country:
- Rothschild banking family of NaplesRothschild banking family of NaplesThe Rothschild banking family of Naples was founded by Calmann Mayer von Rothschild who was sent to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies from Frankfurt am Main, Germany in 1821 by his father, Mayer Amschel Rothschild...
- Rothschild banking family of EnglandRothschild banking family of EnglandThe Rothschild banking family of England was founded in 1798 by Nathan Mayer von Rothschild who first settled in Manchester but then moved to London. Nathan was sent there from his home in Frankfurt by his father, Mayer Amschel Rothschild...
- Rothschild banking family of AustriaRothschild banking family of AustriaThe Rothschild banking family of Austria was founded by Salomon Mayer von Rothschild in 1820 in Vienna in what was then the Austrian Empire.-History:...
- Rothschild banking family of Germany
- Rothschild banking family of FranceRothschild banking family of FranceThe Rothschild banking family of France was founded in 1812 in Paris by James Mayer Rothschild . James was sent there from his home in Frankfurt, Germany by his father, Mayer Amschel Rothschild...
- Rothschild banking family of Switzerland
The Napoleonic Wars
The Rothschilds already possessed a very significant fortune before the start of Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
(1803–1815), and the family had gained preeminence in the bullion trade by this time. From London in 1813 to 1815, Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Mayer, Freiherr von Rothschild , known as Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was a London financier and one of the founders of the international Rothschild family banking dynasty...
was instrumental in almost single-handedly financing the British war effort, and the French war effort, financing the shipment of bullion to the Duke of Wellington
Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington
Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS , was an Irish-born British soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century...
's armies across Europe, as well as arranging the payment of British financial subsidies to their Continental allies. In 1815 alone, the Rothschilds provided £9.8 million (£694m in today's money) in subsidy loans to Britain's continental allies.
The brothers helped co-ordinate Rothschild activities across the continent, and the family developed a network of agents, shippers and couriers to transport gold across war-torn Europe. The family network was also to provide Nathan Rothschild time and again with political and financial information ahead of his peers, giving him an advantage in the markets and rendering the house of Rothschild still more invaluable to the British government. In one instance, the family network enabled Nathan to receive in London the news of Wellington's victory at the Battle of Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
a full day ahead of the government's official messengers.
Rothschild's first concern on this occasion was to the potential financial advantage on the market which the knowledge would have given him; he and his courier did not immediately take the news to the government. See a partisan French pamphlet in 1846 by John Reeves in 1887 in The Rothschilds: the Financial Rulers of Nations. It was then repeated in later popular accounts, such as that of Morton
Frederic Morton
Frederic Morton is a Jewish Austrian writer who emigrated to the United States in 1940.Born Fritz Mandelbaum in Vienna, Morton was raised as the son of a blacksmith who had specialised in forging imperial medals. In the wake of the Anschluss of 1938 his father was arrested but later released again...
.
The basis for the Rothschild's most famously profitable move was made after the news of British victory had been made public. Nathan Rothschild calculated that the future reduction in government borrowing brought about by the peace would create a bounce in British government bonds after a two year stabilisation, which would finalise the post-war re-structuring of the domestic economy. In what has been described as one of the most audacious moves in financial history, Nathan immediately bought up the government bond market, for what at the time seemed an excessively high price, before waiting two years, then selling the bonds on the crest of short bounce in the market in 1817 for a 40% profit. Given the sheer power of leverage the Rothschild family had at its disposal, this profit was an enormous sum.
Nathan Mayer Rothschild initially started his business in Manchester England in 1806, and gradually moved it to London, where in 1809 he acquired the location at 2 New Court in St. Swithin's Lane, City of London, where it operates today; he established N. M. Rothschild and Sons in 1811. In 1818, he arranged a £5 million loan to the Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n government, and the issuing of bonds
Bond (finance)
In finance, a bond is a debt security, in which the authorized issuer owes the holders a debt and, depending on the terms of the bond, is obliged to pay interest to use and/or to repay the principal at a later date, termed maturity...
for government loan
Loan
A loan is a type of debt. Like all debt instruments, a loan entails the redistribution of financial assets over time, between the lender and the borrower....
s formed a mainstay of his bank’s business. He gained a position of such power in the City of London
City of London
The City of London is a small area within Greater London, England. It is the historic core of London around which the modern conurbation grew and has held city status since time immemorial. The City’s boundaries have remained almost unchanged since the Middle Ages, and it is now only a tiny part of...
that by 1825–6 he was able to supply enough coin to the Bank of England
Bank of England
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based. Established in 1694, it is the second oldest central bank in the world...
to enable it to avert a market liquidity
Market liquidity
In business, economics or investment, market liquidity is an asset's ability to be sold without causing a significant movement in the price and with minimum loss of value...
crisis.
International high finance
| "I have not the nerve for his operations. They are well-planned, with great cleverness and adroitness in execution – but he is in money and funds what Napoleon was in war." —Baron Baring Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton PC was a British politician and financier.-Background:Baring was the second son of Sir Francis Baring, 1st Baronet, and of Harriet, daughter of William Herring... on Nathan Rothschild |
In 1816, four of the brothers were each elevated to the hereditary nobility by Austrian Emperor Francis I
Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...
; moreover, a fifth brother, Nathan, was elevated in 1818. All of them were granted the Austrian title of baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
or Freiherr
Freiherr
The German titles Freiherr and Freifrau and Freiin are titles of nobility, used preceding a person's given name or, after 1919, before the surname...
on 29 September 1822. As such, some members of the family used "de
Nobiliary particle
A nobiliary particle is used in a family name or surname in many Western cultures to signal the nobility of a family. The particle used varies depending on the country, language and period of time. This article is dedicated to explain how noble families of different countries identify themselves by...
" or "von
Von
In German, von is a preposition which approximately means of or from.When it is used as a part of a German family name, it is usually a nobiliary particle, like the French, Spanish and Portuguese "de". At certain times and places, it has been illegal for anyone who was not a member of the nobility...
" Rothschild to acknowledge the grant of nobility. In 1847, Sir Anthony de Rothschild, was made a hereditary baronet
Baronet
A baronet or the rare female equivalent, a baronetess , is the holder of a hereditary baronetcy awarded by the British Crown...
of the United Kingdom. In 1885, Nathan Mayer Rothschild II (1840–1915) of the London branch of the family, was granted the hereditary peer
Hereditary peer
Hereditary peers form part of the Peerage in the United Kingdom. There are over seven hundred peers who hold titles that may be inherited. Formerly, most of them were entitled to sit in the House of Lords, but since the House of Lords Act 1999 only ninety-two are permitted to do so...
age title Baron Rothschild
Baron Rothschild
Baron Rothschild, of Tring in the County of Hertford, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1885 for Sir Nathan Rothschild, 2nd Baronet, a member of the Rothschild banking family. He was the first person of the Jewish faith to be raised to the peerage...
in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain...
.
Rothschild family banking businesses pioneered international high finance during the industrialisation of Europe and were instrumental in supporting railway systems across the world and in complex government financing for projects such as the Suez Canal
Suez Canal
The Suez Canal , also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. Opened in November 1869 after 10 years of construction work, it allows water transportation between Europe and Asia without navigation...
. The family bought up a large proportion of the property in Mayfair
Mayfair
Mayfair is an area of central London, within the City of Westminster.-History:Mayfair is named after the annual fortnight-long May Fair that took place on the site that is Shepherd Market today...
, London. Major businesses directly founded by Rothschild family capital include Alliance Assurance (1824) (now Royal & SunAlliance
Royal & SunAlliance
RSA Insurance Group plc , commonly known as RSA, is a global general insurance company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It has over 20 million customers in 36 countries across Asia, Europe, North America and South America....
); Chemin de Fer du Nord
Chemin de Fer du Nord
Chemin de Fer du Nord , often referred to simply as the Nord company, was a rail transport company created in September 1845, in Paris, France. It was owned by among others de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, England, Hottinger, Laffitte and Blount...
(1845); Rio Tinto Group
Rio Tinto Group
The Rio Tinto Group is a diversified, British-Australian, multinational mining and resources group with headquarters in London and Melbourne. The company was founded in 1873, when a multinational consortium of investors purchased a mine complex on the Rio Tinto river, in Huelva, Spain from the...
(1873); Société Le Nickel (1880) (now Eramet
Eramet
Eramet is a French multinational mining and metallurgy company, listed on the Euronext Paris exchange under the symbol ERA.The company produces non-ferrous metals and derivatives, nickel alloys and superalloys, and high-performance special steels....
); and Imétal (1962) (now Imerys
Imerys
Imerys is a French multinational company. It is a constituent of the CAC Mid 60 index.-History:The Company was founded in 1880 and for many years was known as Imetal....
). The Rothschilds financed the founding of De Beers
De Beers
De Beers is a family of companies that dominate the diamond, diamond mining, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors. De Beers is active in every category of industrial diamond mining: open-pit, underground, large-scale alluvial, coastal and deep sea...
, as well as Cecil Rhodes on his expeditions in Africa and the creation of the colony of Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia
Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa. From its independence in 1965 until its extinction in 1980, it was known as Rhodesia...
. From the late 1880s onwards, the family controlled the Rio Tinto mining company.
The Japanese government approached the London and Paris families for funding during the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was "the first great war of the 20th century." It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea...
. The London consortium's issue of Japanese war bond
War bond
War bonds are debt securities issued by a government for the purpose of financing military operations during times of war. War bonds generate capital for the government and make civilians feel involved in their national militaries...
s would total £11.5 million (at 1907 currency rates).
The name of Rothschild became synonymous with extravagance and great wealth, and the family was renowned for its art collecting, for its palaces, as well as for its philanthropy. By the end of the century, the family owned, or had built, at the lowest estimates, over 41 palaces, of a scale and luxury perhaps unparalleled even by the richest royal families. The soon to be British Prime Minister Lloyd George claimed, in 1909, that Lord Nathan Rothschild
Nathan Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild
Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild was a British banker and politician from the international Rothschild financial dynasty.-Life and family:...
was the most powerful man in Britain.
In 1901, with no male heir, the Frankfurt House closed its doors after more than a century in business. It was not until 1989 that the family returned, when N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons is a private investment banking company, belonging to the Rothschild family...
, the British investment arm, plus Bank Rothschild AG, the Swiss branch, set up a representative banking office in Frankfurt.
English branch
The Rothschild banking family of England was founded in 1798 by Nathan Mayer RothschildNathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Mayer, Freiherr von Rothschild , known as Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was a London financier and one of the founders of the international Rothschild family banking dynasty...
.
French branches
The first was son James Mayer de Rothschild
James Mayer de Rothschild
James Mayer de Rothschild was a French banker and the original founder of the French branch of the Rothschild family.-Biography:...
(1792–1868), known as "James", who established de Rothschild Frères in Paris. Following the Napoleonic Wars, he played a major role in financing the construction of railroads and the mining business that helped make France an industrial power. James' sons Gustave de Rothschild and Alphonse James de Rothschild
Alphonse James de Rothschild
Mayer Alphonse James Rothschild , was a French, financier, vineyard owner, art collector, philanthropist, racehorse owner/breeder and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France.-Biography:...
continued the banking tradition and was the guarantor of the 5 billion in reparations demanded by the occupying Prussian
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
army in the 1870s Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
. By 1980, the Paris business employed about 2,000 people and had an annual turnover of 26 billion francs ($5 billion in the currency rates of 1980).
But then the Paris business suffered a near death blow in 1982 when the Socialist government of François Mitterrand
François Mitterrand
François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand was the 21st President of the French Republic and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra, serving from 1981 until 1995. He is the longest-serving President of France and, as leader of the Socialist Party, the only figure from the left so far elected President...
nationalized and renamed it Compagnie Européenne de Banque.[needs citation] Baron David de Rothschild
David René de Rothschild
David René James de Rothschild is a banker and a member of the French branch of the Rothschild family. He is the chairman of Rothschilds Continuation Holdings, a Swiss holding company...
, then 39, decided to stay and rebuild, creating a new entity Rothschild & Cie Banque
Rothschild & Cie Banque
Rothschild & Cie Banque is a French bank and belongs to Rothschild Group. It provides investment banking, asset management, and wealth management services in France....
with just three employees and $1 million in capital. Today, the Paris operation has 22 partners and accounts for a significant part of the global business.
Ensuing generations of the Paris Rothschild family remained involved in the family business, becoming a major force in international investment banking. The Rothschilds have since led the Thomson Financial League Tables in Investment Banking Merger and Acquisition deals in the UK, France and Italy.
James Mayer de Rothschild
James Mayer de Rothschild
James Mayer de Rothschild was a French banker and the original founder of the French branch of the Rothschild family.-Biography:...
's other son, Edmond James de Rothschild
Edmond James de Rothschild
Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his generous donations lent significant support to the movement during its early years, which helped lead to the establishment of the State of Israel.- Early years :A...
(1845–1934) was very much engaged in philanthropy and the arts, and was a leading proponent of Zionism
Zionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...
. His grandson, Baron Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild
Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild
Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild, usually known as Baron Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild was born in Paris, France and died in Geneva, Switzerland...
, founded in 1953 the LCF Rothschild Group
LCF Rothschild Group
Formerly named the LCF Rothschild Group, the Edmond de Rothschild Group is a private Swiss banking group. It was established by Baron Edmond de Rothschild , of the non-winemaking branch of the French Rothschild family, in 1953 . Since 1997, the group has been managed by the late Baron's son,...
, a private bank. Since 1997, Baron Benjamin de Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild is a Swiss banker, the chairman of the Edmond de Rothschild Group, a private bank established by his father and owned by the family...
chairs the group. The group has €100bn of assets in 2008 and owns many wine properties in France (Château Clarke
Château Clarke
Château Clarke is a wine property of Bordeaux of based in the Listrac-Médoc AOC and classified as Cru Bourgeois.-History:In the 12th century, the Cistercian monks of the Vertheuil Abbey established the first grapevine. The estate would permanently bear Tobie Clarke’s name in 1818, when the knight...
, Château des Laurets
Château des Laurets
-History:Purchased by Benjamin and Ariane de Rothschild in 2003, the estate stretch on 86 hectares with two appellations: Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion and Montagne-Saint-Émilion.-Wine:...
), in Australia or in South Africa.In 1961, the 35 year old Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild
Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild
Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild, usually known as Baron Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild was born in Paris, France and died in Geneva, Switzerland...
purchased the company Club Med
Club Med
Club Méditerranée , commonly known as Club Med, is a French corporation of vacation resorts found in many parts of the world, usually in exotic locations. It is considered the original all-inclusive resort.-Foundation:...
, after he had visited a resort and enjoyed his stay. His interest in Club Med was sold off by the 1990s. In 1973, he bought out the Bank of California
Bank of California
The Bank of California was opened in San Francisco, California, on July 4, 1864, by William Chapman Ralston. It was the first commercial bank in the Western United States, the second-richest bank in the nation, and considered instrumental in developing the American Old West.-History:The ancestor of...
, selling his interests in 1984 before it was sold to Mitsubishi Bank in 1985.
Nathaniel de Rothschild
Nathaniel de Rothschild, , known as "Nat," was the founder of the French wine-making branch of the Rothschild family.-Family:...
(1812–1870). Born in London he was the fourth child of the founder of the British branch of the family, Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Mayer Rothschild
Nathan Mayer, Freiherr von Rothschild , known as Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was a London financier and one of the founders of the international Rothschild family banking dynasty...
(1777–1836). In 1850, Nathaniel Rothschild moved to Paris, ostensibly to work with his uncle, James Mayer Rothschild. However, in 1853 Nathaniel acquired Château Brane Mouton, a vineyard in Pauillac
Pauillac
Pauillac is a commune in the Gironde department in Aquitaine in southwestern France.-Population:-Wine:The commune consists of only 3000 acres of vineyards in the Haut-Médoc between the villages of Saint-Julien to the south and Saint-Estèphe to the north, but is home to three of Bordeaux's five...
in the Gironde
Gironde
For the Revolutionary party, see Girondists.Gironde is a common name for the Gironde estuary, where the mouths of the Garonne and Dordogne rivers merge, and for a department in the Aquitaine region situated in southwest France.-History:...
département. Nathaniel Rothschild renamed the estate, Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc, 50 km north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Its red wine of the same name is regarded as one of the world's greatest clarets. Originally known as Château Brane-Mouton it was renamed by Nathaniel...
and it would become one of the best known labels in the world. In 1868, Nathaniel's uncle, James Mayer de Rothschild acquired the neighboring Chateau Lafite
Château Lafite-Rothschild
Château Lafite Rothschild is a wine estate in France, owned by members of the Rothschild family since the 19th century. The name Lafite comes from the Gascon term "la hite" meaning "small hill"....
vineyard.
Austrian branch
In ViennaVienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
, Salomon Mayer Rothschild established a bank in the 1820s and the Austrian family had vast wealth and position. The crash of 1929 brought problems, and Baron Louis von Rothschild attempted to shore up the Creditanstalt
Creditanstalt
The Creditanstalt was an Austrian bank. The Creditanstalt was based in Vienna, founded in 1855 as K. k. priv. Österreichische Credit-Anstalt für Handel und Gewerbe by the Rothschild family...
, Austria's largest bank, to prevent its collapse. Nevertheless, during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
they had to surrender their bank to the Nazis and flee the country. Their Rothschild palaces
Palais Rothschild
Palais Rothschild refers to a number of palaces in Vienna, Austria, built and owned by the titled Austrian branch of the Rothschild banking family...
, a collection of vast palaces in Vienna built and owned by the family, were confiscated, plundered and destroyed by the Nazis. The palaces were famous for their sheer size, and for their huge collections of paintings, armour
Armour
Armour or armor is protective covering used to prevent damage from being inflicted to an object, individual or a vehicle through use of direct contact weapons or projectiles, usually during combat, or from damage caused by a potentially dangerous environment or action...
, tapestries, statues
Statues
Statues is a popular children's game, often played in Australia but with versions throughout the world.-General rules:# A person starts out as the "Curator" and stands at the end of a field. Everyone else playing stands at the far end...
(some of which were restituted to the Rothschilds by the Austrian government in 1999). All family members escaped the Holocaust, some of them moving to the United States, and only returning to Europe after the war. In 1999, the government of Austria agreed to return to the Rothschild family some 250 art treasures looted by the Nazis and absorbed into state museums after the war.
Naples branch
The C M de Rothschild & Figli bank arranged substantial loans to the Papal States and to various Kings of Naples plus the Duchy of Parma and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. However, in the 1830s, Naples followed Spain with a gradual shift away from conventional bond issues that began to affect the bank's growth and profitability. The Unification of Italy in 1861, with the ensuing decline of the Italian aristocracy who had been the Rothschild's primary clients, eventually brought about the closure of their Naples bank, due to declining forecasts for long-term business sustainability. However, in the early 19th century, the Rothschild family of Naples built up close relations with the Vatican BankVatican Bank
The Institute for Works of Religion , commonly known as the Vatican Bank, is a privately held institute located inside Vatican City run by a professional bank CEO who reports directly to a committee of cardinals, and ultimately to the Pope...
, and the association between the family and the Vatican continued into the 20th century. In 1832, when Pope Gregory XVI
Pope Gregory XVI
Pope Gregory XVI , born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846...
was seen meeting Carl von Rothschild, observers were shocked that Rothschild was not required to kiss the Pope's feet, as was then required for all other visitors to the Pope, including monarchs.
Jewish identity and positions on Zionism
Jewish solidarity in the family was not homogeneous. Some Rothschilds were supporters of ZionismZionism
Zionism is a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Zionist movement continues primarily to advocate on behalf of the Jewish state...
, while other members of the family opposed the creation of the Jewish state. Some believed it would encourage anti-Semites to question the existing national identities of assimilated Jews around the rest of the world. In 1917 Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild
Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild FRS , a scion of the Rothschild family, was a British banker, politician, and zoologist.-Biography:...
was the addressee of the Balfour Declaration to the Zionist Federation, which committed the British government to the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people. Later, Lord Victor Rothschild was against granting asylum or even help to Jewish refugees during the Holocaust.
After the death of James Jacob de Rothschild in 1868, Alphonse Rothschild
Alphonse James de Rothschild
Mayer Alphonse James Rothschild , was a French, financier, vineyard owner, art collector, philanthropist, racehorse owner/breeder and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France.-Biography:...
, his oldest son, who took over the management of the family bank, was the most active in support for Eretz Israel. The Rothschild family archives show that during the 1870s the family contributed nearly 500,000 francs per year on behalf of Eastern Jewry to the Alliance Israélite Universelle
Alliance Israélite Universelle
The Alliance Israélite Universelle is a Paris-based international Jewish organization founded in 1860 by the French statesman Adolphe Crémieux to safeguard the human rights of Jews around the world...
. Baron Edmond James de Rothschild
Edmond James de Rothschild
Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his generous donations lent significant support to the movement during its early years, which helped lead to the establishment of the State of Israel.- Early years :A...
, James Jacob de Rothschild's youngest son was a patron of the first settlement in Palestine at Rishon-LeZion, and bought from Ottoman landlords parts of the land which now makes up present-day Israel. In 1924, he established the Palestine Jewish Colonization Association (PICA), which acquired more than 125,000 acres (22,36 km²) of land and set up business ventures. In Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
, he has a road, Rothschild Boulevard
Rothschild Boulevard
Rothschild Boulevard is one of the principal streets in the center of Tel Aviv, Israel, beginning in Neve Tzedek at its southwestern edge and running north to Habima Theatre. It is one of the busiest and most expensive streets in the city, being one of the city's main tourist attractions...
, named after him as well as various localities throughout Israel which he assisted in founding including Metulla
Metula
Metula is a town in the Northern District of Israel. Metula is located between the sites of the Biblical cities of Dan, Abel Bet Maacah, and Ijon, bordering Lebanon.-Early history:...
, Zikhron Ya'akov, Rishon Lezion, and Rosh Pina
Rosh Pinna
Rosh Pinna is a town of approximately 2,500 people located in the Upper Galilee on the eastern slopes of Mount Kna'anin, the Northern District of Israel. The town was founded in 1882 by thirty immigrant families from Romania, making it one of the oldest Zionist settlements in Israel...
. A park in Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt
Boulogne-Billancourt is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the centre of Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt is a sub-prefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt....
, Paris, the Parc Edmond de Rothschild (Edmond de Rothschild Park) is also named after its founder. The Rothschilds also played a significant part in the funding of Israel's governmental infrastructure. James A. de Rothschild
James Armand de Rothschild
James Armand Edmond de Rothschild, DCM, DL, was a French-born British politician and philanthropist, from the wealthy Rothschild international banking dynasty....
financed the Knesset
Knesset
The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.-Role in Israeli Government :The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister , approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government...
building as a gift to the State of Israel and the Supreme Court of Israel
Supreme Court of Israel
The Supreme Court is at the head of the court system and highest judicial instance in Israel. The Supreme Court sits in Jerusalem.The area of its jurisdiction is all of Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories. A ruling of the Supreme Court is binding upon every court, other than the Supreme...
building was donated to Israel by Dorothy de Rothschild
Dorothy de Rothschild
Dorothy de Rothschild was an English philanthropist and activist for Jewish affairs who married into the Rothschild international financial dynasty....
. Outside the President's Chamber is displayed the letter Mrs. Rothschild wrote to the then current Prime Minister Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres
GCMG is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years...
expressing her intention to donate a new building for the Supreme Court.
Interviewed by Haaretz
Haaretz
Haaretz is Israel's oldest daily newspaper. It was founded in 1918 and is now published in both Hebrew and English in Berliner format. The English edition is published and sold together with the International Herald Tribune. Both Hebrew and English editions can be read on the Internet...
in 2010, Baron Benjamin Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild is a Swiss banker, the chairman of the Edmond de Rothschild Group, a private bank established by his father and owned by the family...
, a Swiss-based member of the banking family, said that he supported the peace process: "I understand that it is a complicated business, mainly because of the fanatics and extremists – and I am talking about both sides. I think you have fanatics in Israel... In general I am not in contact with politicians. I spoke once with Netanyahu. I met once with an Israeli finance minister, but the less I mingle with politicians the better I feel." On the subject of religious identity, he stated that he held an open-minded attitude: "We do business with all kinds of countries, including Arab countries[...] My oldest daughter's boyfriend is a Saudi. He is a great guy and if she will want to marry him, she can."
Modern business
Today, there are mainly three financial groups controlled by the Rothschild family. The first is "The Rothschild Group" including the activity of investment bankingInvestment banking
An investment bank is a financial institution that assists individuals, corporations and governments in raising capital by underwriting and/or acting as the client's agent in the issuance of securities...
of N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons is a private investment banking company, belonging to the Rothschild family...
. The second is Edmond de Rothschild Group, Swiss private banking
Private banking
Private banking is banking, investment and other financial services provided by banks to private individuals investing sizable assets. The term "private" refers to the customer service being rendered on a more personal basis than in mass-market retail banking, usually via dedicated bank advisers...
group. The third is RIT Capital Partners
RIT Capital Partners
RIT Capital Partners plc is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in quoted securities and quoted special situations. Established in 1961, the company is a list on London Stock Exchange and the FTSE 250 Index. The Chairman is Lord Jacob Rothschild.- Company Profile :RIT Capital...
, English investment trust
Investment trust
An Investment trust is a form of collective investment found mostly in the United Kingdom. Investment trusts are closed-end funds and are constituted as public limited companies....
. The family also invests in other ventures, as well as in wine, art, and charities.
The Rothschild Group
Since 2003, Rothschild investment banks have been controlled by Rothschild Continuation Holdings, a Swiss-registered holding company (under the chairmanship of Baron David René de RothschildDavid René de Rothschild
David René James de Rothschild is a banker and a member of the French branch of the Rothschild family. He is the chairman of Rothschilds Continuation Holdings, a Swiss holding company...
). Rothschild Continuation Holdings is in turn controlled by Concordia BV, a Dutch-registered master holding company. Concordia BV is managed by Paris Orléans S.A.
Paris Orléans
Paris Orléans S.A. is a financial holding company listed on Euronext Paris and controlled by the French and English branch of the Rothschild family...
, a French-registered holding company. Paris Orléans S.A. is ultimately controlled by Rothschild Concordia SAS, a Rothschild's family holding company. Rothschild & Cie Banque
Rothschild & Cie Banque
Rothschild & Cie Banque is a French bank and belongs to Rothschild Group. It provides investment banking, asset management, and wealth management services in France....
controls Rothschild banking businesses in France and continental Europe, while Rothschilds Continuation Holdings AG controls a number of Rothschild banks elsewhere, including N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons is a private investment banking company, belonging to the Rothschild family...
in London. Twenty percent of Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG was sold in 2005 to Jardine Strategic, which is a subsidiary of Jardine, Matheson & Co.
Jardine Matheson Holdings
Jardine Matheson Holdings Limited often referred to as Jardines, is a multinational corporation incorporated in Bermuda and based in Hong Kong. While listed on the London Stock Exchange and the Singapore Exchange, the vast majority of Jardines shares are traded in Singapore...
of Hong Kong. In November 2008, Rabobank
Rabobank
Rabobank is a financial services provider with offices worldwide. Their main location is in the Netherlands. They are a global leader in Food and Agri financing and in sustainability-oriented banking...
Group, the leading investment and commercial bank in the Netherlands, acquired 7.5% of Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG, and Rabobank and Rothschild entered into a co-operation agreement in the fields of Mergers and Acquisitions
Mergers and acquisitions
Mergers and acquisitions refers to the aspect of corporate strategy, corporate finance and management dealing with the buying, selling, dividing and combining of different companies and similar entities that can help an enterprise grow rapidly in its sector or location of origin, or a new field or...
(M&A) advisory and Equity Capital Markets advisory in the food and agribusiness sectors. It was believed that the move was intended to help Rothschild Continuation Holdings AG gain access to a wider capital pool, enlarging its presence in East Asian markets.
Paris Orléans S.A.
Paris Orléans
Paris Orléans S.A. is a financial holding company listed on Euronext Paris and controlled by the French and English branch of the Rothschild family...
is a financial holding company listed on Euronext
Euronext
Euronext N.V. is a pan-European stock exchange based in Amsterdam and with subsidiaries in Belgium, France, Netherlands, Portugal and the United Kingdom. In addition to equities and derivatives markets, the Euronext group provides clearing and information services...
Paris and controlled by the French and English branch of the Rothschild family. Paris Orléans is the flagship of the Rothschild banking Group and controls the Rothschild Group’s banking activities including N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons is a private investment banking company, belonging to the Rothschild family...
and Rothschild & Cie Banque
Rothschild & Cie Banque
Rothschild & Cie Banque is a French bank and belongs to Rothschild Group. It provides investment banking, asset management, and wealth management services in France....
. It has over 2000 employees. Directors of the company include Eric de Rothschild, Robert de Rothschild, and Count Philippe de Nicolay.
N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons
N M Rothschild & Sons is a private investment banking company, belonging to the Rothschild family...
, English investment bank does most of its business as a mergers and acquisitions advisor. In 2004, the investment bank withdrew from the gold market, a commodity the Rothschild bankers had traded in for two centuries. In 2006, it ranked second in UK M&A with deals totalling $104.9 billion. In 2006, it publicly recorded a pre-tax annual profit of £83.2 million with assets of £5.5 billion.
Today, the price of gold is still fixed
Gold Fixing
The London gold fixing or gold fix is the procedure by which the price of gold is determined twice each business day on the London market by the five members of The London Gold Market Fixing Ltd, on the premises of N M Rothschild & Sons...
, twice a day at 10.30 am and 3.00 pm at the premises of N M Rothschild by the world's main Bullion Houses - Deutsche Bank, HSBC, ScotiaMocatta
Mocatta
Mocatta is the name of a prominent Anglo-Jewish family originally from Spain known for philanthropy, leadership and sponsorship of arts and letters, particularly in the United Kingdom...
and Societe Generale. Informally, the gold fixing provides a recognized rate that is used as a benchmark for pricing the majority of gold products and derivatives throughout the world's markets. Every day at 1030 and 1500 local time, five representatives of investment banks meet in a small room at Rothschild's London headquarters on St Swithin's Lane. In the centre is the chairperson, who is by tradition appointed by the Rothschild bank, although the bank itself has largely withdrawn from the trading.
Edmond de Rothschild Group
In 1953, one member of the (non-winemaking) French branch of the family, Edmond Adolphe de RothschildEdmond Adolphe de Rothschild
Edmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild, usually known as Baron Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild was born in Paris, France and died in Geneva, Switzerland...
(1926–1997), founded the LCF Rothschild Group (now Edmond de Rothschild Group), based in Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
, with €100 billion in assets, which today extends to 15 countries across the world. Although this Group is primarily a financial entity, specialising in asset management and private banking, its activities also cover mixed farming, luxury hotels, and yacht racing
Yacht racing
Yacht racing is the sport of competitive yachting.While sailing groups organize the most active and popular competitive yachting, other boating events are also held world-wide: speed motorboat racing; competitive canoeing, kayaking, and rowing; model yachting; and navigational contests Yacht racing...
. Edmond de Rothschild Group's committee is currently being chaired by Benjamin de Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild is a Swiss banker, the chairman of the Edmond de Rothschild Group, a private bank established by his father and owned by the family...
, Baron Edmond's son.
In late 2010, Baron Benjamin Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild
Benjamin de Rothschild is a Swiss banker, the chairman of the Edmond de Rothschild Group, a private bank established by his father and owned by the family...
said that the family had been unaffected by the financial crisis of 2007–2010, due to their conservative business practices: "We came through it well, because our investment managers did not want to put money into crazy things." He added that the Rothschilds were still a small-scale, traditional family business, and took greater care over their clients' investments than American companies, adding: "The client knows we will not speculate with his money".
Edmond de Rothschild group includes these companies.
- Banque privée Edmond de RothschildBanque privée Edmond de RothschildBanque Privée Edmond de Rothschild S.A. is a private bank headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is exclusively dedicated to wealth management for private and institutional clients. It is a part of Edmond de Rothschild Group. It is listed on the Swiss Exchange...
- Swiss private banking firm - Compagnie Financière Edmond de RothschildCompagnie Financière Edmond de RothschildCompagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild is an independent and family private bank in France. Established by Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild in 1953, it has been directed since 1999 by his son, Benjamin de Rothschild...
- French private bank - La Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild - xxx
- Cogifrance - Real estate
- Compagnie Vinicole Baron Edmond de Rothschild - Wine making company
RIT Capital Partners
In 1980, Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron RothschildJacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild
Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, Bt, OM, GBE, FBA is a British investment banker and a member of the prominent Rothschild family of bankers...
resigned from N M Rothschild & Sons and took independent control of Rothschild Investment Trust (now RIT Capital Partners
RIT Capital Partners
RIT Capital Partners plc is a large British investment trust dedicated to investments in quoted securities and quoted special situations. Established in 1961, the company is a list on London Stock Exchange and the FTSE 250 Index. The Chairman is Lord Jacob Rothschild.- Company Profile :RIT Capital...
, one of the UK's largest investment trusts), which has reported assets of $3.4 billion in 2008. It is listed on London Stock Exchange
London Stock Exchange
The London Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in the City of London within the United Kingdom. , the Exchange had a market capitalisation of US$3.7495 trillion, making it the fourth-largest stock exchange in the world by this measurement...
. Lord Rothschild is also one of the major investors behind BullionVault
BullionVault
BullionVault is an internet gold and silver bullion exchange, founded in 2005 by Paul Tustain. It is owned by Galmarley Ltd. and based in London, United Kingdom. Purchased gold and silver is held in personally allocated storage with Via Mat International in either London, New York or Zurich...
, a gold trading platform.
RIT Capital stores a significant proportion of its assets in the form of physical gold. Other assets include oil and energy-related investments.
Investment
In 1991, Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron RothschildJacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild
Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, Bt, OM, GBE, FBA is a British investment banker and a member of the prominent Rothschild family of bankers...
founded J. Rothschild Assurance Group (now St. James's Place
St. James's Place
St. James's Place plc is a UK-based wealth management business. It is headquartered in Cirencester and has 20 regional offices throughout the UK. It was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1997 and is now a FTSE 250 company.-History:...
) with Sir Mark Weinberg. It is also listed on London Stock Exchange
London Stock Exchange
The London Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located in the City of London within the United Kingdom. , the Exchange had a market capitalisation of US$3.7495 trillion, making it the fourth-largest stock exchange in the world by this measurement...
.
In December 2009, Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild
Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild
Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, Bt, OM, GBE, FBA is a British investment banker and a member of the prominent Rothschild family of bankers...
invested $200 million of his own money in a North Sea Oil company.
In January 2010, Nathaniel Philip Rothschild
Nathaniel Philip Rothschild
Nathaniel Philip Victor James Rothschild , also known as Nat, is a British-born financier who has settled in Switzerland, and a scion of the prominent Rothschild family. He is the Chairman of "JNR Limited", an investment advisory business primarily focused on emerging markets and the metals, mining...
bought a substantial share of the Glencore
Glencore
Glencore International plc is a multinational mining and commodities trading company headquartered in Baar, Switzerland and with its registered office in Saint Helier, Jersey...
mining and oil company's market capitalization. He is also buying a large share of the aluminium mining company United Company RUSAL
United Company RUSAL
United Company RUSAL is the world's largest aluminium company, with headquarters in Moscow, Russian Federation. UC RUSAL accounts for almost 11% of the world's primary aluminium output and 13% of the world’s alumina production. The United Company was formed by the merger of RUSAL , SUAL, and the...
.
During the 19th century, the Rothschilds controlled the Rio Tinto mining corporation
Rio Tinto Group
The Rio Tinto Group is a diversified, British-Australian, multinational mining and resources group with headquarters in London and Melbourne. The company was founded in 1873, when a multinational consortium of investors purchased a mine complex on the Rio Tinto river, in Huelva, Spain from the...
, and to this day, Rothschild and Rio Tinto maintain a close business relationship.
The family also owns some shares of the British weekly, The Economist
The Economist
The Economist is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd. and edited in offices in the City of Westminster, London, England. Continuous publication began under founder James Wilson in September 1843...
.
Wine
The name Rothschild has been associated with fine wines for almost a century and a half. In 1853 Nathaniel de RothschildNathaniel de Rothschild
Nathaniel de Rothschild, , known as "Nat," was the founder of the French wine-making branch of the Rothschild family.-Family:...
purchased Château Brane Mouton and renamed it Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc, 50 km north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Its red wine of the same name is regarded as one of the world's greatest clarets. Originally known as Château Brane-Mouton it was renamed by Nathaniel...
. In 1868 James Mayer de Rothschild
James Mayer de Rothschild
James Mayer de Rothschild was a French banker and the original founder of the French branch of the Rothschild family.-Biography:...
secured the neighbouring Château Lafite and renamed it Château Lafite Rothschild.
Today Rothschild family owns many wine estates: their estates in France include Château Clarke
Château Clarke
Château Clarke is a wine property of Bordeaux of based in the Listrac-Médoc AOC and classified as Cru Bourgeois.-History:In the 12th century, the Cistercian monks of the Vertheuil Abbey established the first grapevine. The estate would permanently bear Tobie Clarke’s name in 1818, when the knight...
, Château Clerc-Milon
Château Clerc-Milon
Château Clerc-Milon is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France. The wine produced here was classified as one of eighteen Cinquièmes Crus in the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855....
, Château d'Armailhac
Château d'Armailhac
Château d'Armailhac, previously named Château Mouton-d'Armailhacq , Château Mouton-Baron Philippe , Mouton Baronne and Château Mouton-Baronne-Philippe , is a winery in the Pauillac appellation of the Bordeaux region of France...
, Château Duhart-Milon, Château Lafite Rothschild, Château de Laversine, Château des Laurets
Château des Laurets
-History:Purchased by Benjamin and Ariane de Rothschild in 2003, the estate stretch on 86 hectares with two appellations: Puisseguin-Saint-Émilion and Montagne-Saint-Émilion.-Wine:...
, Château L'Évangile
Château L'Évangile
Château L'Évangile, archaically Fazilleau, is a Bordeaux wine estate from the appellation Pomerol. The winery is located on the Right Bank of the Bordeaux wine region, in the commune of Pomerol in the department Gironde...
, Château Malmaison, Château de Montvillargenne, Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc, 50 km north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Its red wine of the same name is regarded as one of the world's greatest clarets. Originally known as Château Brane-Mouton it was renamed by Nathaniel...
, Château de la Muette
Château de la Muette
The Château de la Muette is a château located on the edge of the Bois de Boulogne in Paris, France, near the Porte de la Muette.Three châteaux have been located on the site since a hunting lodge was transformed into the first château for Princess Marguerite de Valois, favorite daughter of King...
, Château Rieussec
Château Rieussec
Château Rieussec is a sweet white wine ranked as Premier Cru Classé in the original Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855. Belonging to the Sauternes appellation in Gironde, in the region of Graves, the winery is located in the commune of Fargues.-External links:*...
, Château Rothschild d'Armainvilliers. They also own wine estates across North America, South America, South Africa and Australia.
Especially, Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild
Château Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc, 50 km north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Its red wine of the same name is regarded as one of the world's greatest clarets. Originally known as Château Brane-Mouton it was renamed by Nathaniel...
and Château Lafite Rothschild are classified as Premier Grand Cru in First Growth
First Growth
First Growth status refers to a classification of wines primarily from the Bordeaux region of France.-Bordeaux reds:The need for a classification of the best Bordeaux wines arose for the 1855 Exposition Universelle de Paris. The result was the Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855, a list...
, the status referring to a classification of wines primarily from the Bordeaux region of France.
Art and charity
Since the end of the 19th century, the family has taken a low-key public profile, donating many famous estates, as well as vast quantities of art, to charity, keeping full anonymity about the size of their fortunes, and generally eschewing conspicuous displays of wealth. The family once had one of the largest private art collections in the world, and a significant proportion of the art in the world's public museums are Rothschild donations which were sometimes, in the family tradition of discretion, donated anonymously.Cultural references
In the words of the Daily Telegraph: "This multinational banking family is a byword for wealth, power – and discretion... The Rothschild name has become synonymous with money and power to a degree that no other family has ever matched." While The IndependentThe Independent
The Independent is a British national morning newspaper published in London by Independent Print Limited, owned by Alexander Lebedev since 2010. It is nicknamed the Indy, while the Sunday edition, The Independent on Sunday, is the Sindy. Launched in 1986, it is one of the youngest UK national daily...
describes "an even older tradition - the ability of the family to sustain their secretive fortune, which industry insiders count not in billions but in trillions, and keep it within the family. Secrecy has been a hallmark of the Rothschilds from the outset."
The story of the Rothschild family has been featured in a number of films. The 1934 Hollywood film titled The House of Rothschild, starring George Arliss
George Arliss
George Arliss was an English actor, author and filmmaker who found success in the United States. He was the first British actor to win an Academy Award.-Life and career:...
and Loretta Young
Loretta Young
Loretta Young was an American actress. Starting as a child actress, she had a long and varied career in film from 1917 to 1953...
, recounted the life of Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Mayer Amschel Rothschild was the founder of the Rothschild family international banking dynasty that became the most successful business family in history. In 2005, he was ranked 7th on the Forbes magazine list of "The Twenty Most Influential Businessmen Of All Time"...
. Excerpts from this film were incorporated into the National Socialist (Nazi) propaganda film Der ewige Jude (The Eternal Jew) and another German film Die Rothschilds (also called Aktien auf Waterloo) was directed by Erich Waschneck in 1940. A Broadway musical entitled The Rothschilds, covering the history of the family up to 1818, was nominated for a Tony Award
Tony Award
The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as a Tony Award, recognizes achievement in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway...
in 1971. Nathaniel Mayer ("Natty") Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild appears as a minor character in the historical-mystery novel Stone's Fall
Stone's Fall
-Synopsis:An aging BBC reporter approaching retirement in 1953, Matthew Braddock is on a farewell tour, visiting the old Paris bureau. Chancing upon a familiar name in the obituary notices, he decides to attend the funeral of an acquaintance he has not seen for many years. After the service, he is...
, by Iain Pears
Iain Pears
Iain Pears is an English art historian, novelist and journalist. He was educated at Warwick School, Warwick, Wadham College and Wolfson College, Oxford. Before writing, he worked as a reporter for the BBC, Channel 4 and ZDF and correspondent for Reuters from 1982 to 1990 in Italy, France, UK and...
. The Rothschild name is mentioned by Aldous Huxley
Aldous Huxley
Aldous Leonard Huxley was an English writer and one of the most prominent members of the famous Huxley family. Best known for his novels including Brave New World and a wide-ranging output of essays, Huxley also edited the magazine Oxford Poetry, and published short stories, poetry, travel...
in his novel Brave New World
Brave New World
Brave New World is Aldous Huxley's fifth novel, written in 1931 and published in 1932. Set in London of AD 2540 , the novel anticipates developments in reproductive technology and sleep-learning that combine to change society. The future society is an embodiment of the ideals that form the basis of...
, among many names of historically affluent persons, scientific innovators, and others. The character, named Morgana Rothschild, played a relatively minor role in the story. The name Rothschild used as a synonym for extreme wealth inspired the song "If I Were a Rich Man
If I Were a Rich Man (song)
"If I Were a Rich Man" is a song from the 1964 musical Fiddler on the Roof. It was written by Sheldon Harnick and Jerry Bock. The song is performed by Tevye, the main character in the musical, and reflects his dreams of glory....
", which is based on a song from the Tevye the Dairyman
Tevye
Tevye the Dairyman is the protagonist of several of Sholem Aleichem's stories, originally written in Yiddish and first published in 1894. The character became best known from the fictional memoir Tevye and his Daughters , about a pious Jewish milkman in Tsarist Russia, and the troubles he has with...
stories, written in the Yiddish
Yiddish language
Yiddish is a High German language of Ashkenazi Jewish origin, spoken throughout the world. It developed as a fusion of German dialects with Hebrew, Aramaic, Slavic languages and traces of Romance languages...
as Ven ikh bin Rotshild, meaning "If I were a Rothschild".
In France, the word "Rothschild" was throughout the 19th and 20th centuries a synonym for seemingly endless wealth, neo-Gothic styles, Byzantine splendour, and epicurean glamour. The family also has lent its name to "," a suffocatingly glamorous style of living whose decorative elements include neo-Renaissance palaces, extravagant use of velvet and gilding, vast collections of armour and sculpture, a sense of Victorian
Victorian era
The Victorian era of British history was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence...
horror vacui
Horror vacui
thumb|Many paintings by [[Outsider Art]]ist [[Adolf Wölfli]] contain space filled with writing or musical notationIn visual art, horror vacui is the filling of the entire surface of an artwork with detail....
, and the highest masterworks of art. Le goût Rothschild has much influenced interior designers such as Robert Denning
Robert Denning
Robert Denning was an American interior designer whose lush interpretations of French Victorian decor became an emblem of corporate raider tastes in the 1980s.-Early life:...
, Vincent Fourcade
Vincent Fourcade
Vincent Gabriel Fourcade was a French interior designer and the business and life partner of Robert Denning...
, and others.
Conspiracy theories
Over more than two centuries, the Rothschild family has frequently been the target of conspiracy theories. These theories take differing forms, such as claiming that the family belongs to the IlluminatiIlluminati
The Illuminati is a name given to several groups, both real and fictitious. Historically the name refers to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on May 1, 1776...
, controls the world's wealth and financial institutions, or encouraged wars between governments. Discussing this and similar views, the historian Niall Ferguson
Niall Ferguson
Niall Campbell Douglas Ferguson is a British historian. His specialty is financial and economic history, particularly hyperinflation and the bond markets, as well as the history of colonialism.....
wrote: "As we have seen, however, wars tended to hit the price of existing bonds by increasing the risk that a debtor state would fail to meet its interest payments in the event of defeat and losses of territory. By the middle of the 19th century, the Rothschilds had evolved from traders into fund managers, carefully tending to their own vast portfolio of government bonds. Now having made their money, they stood to lose more than they gained from conflict. The Rothschilds had decided the outcome of the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
by putting their financial weight behind Britain. Now they would sit on the sidelines."
Prominent descendants of Mayer Amschel Rothschild
Prominent lineal descendants of Mayer Amschel Rothschild include amongst many others:
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- Major Alexander Karet, (1905–1976)
- Princess Agnès de La Tour d'Auvergne-Lauraguais, (born 1972)
- Prince Alexandre Louis Philippe Marie BerthierAlexandre Louis Philippe Marie Berthier, 4th Prince de WagramAlexandre Louis Philippe Marie Berthier was the son of Bertha Clara von Rothschild of the German branch of the prominent Rothschild family and Louis Philippe Marie Alexandre Berthier, 3rd Prince de Wagram...
, (1883–1918), died fighting in World War I - Albert Salomon von RothschildAlbert Salomon von RothschildAlbert Salomon von Rothschild was a banker in Austria-Hungary and a member of the Rothschild banking family of Austria. Businesses that he owned included Creditanstalt and the Northern Railway.-Personal life:...
(1844–1911), the once majority shareholder of CreditanstaltCreditanstaltThe Creditanstalt was an Austrian bank. The Creditanstalt was based in Vienna, founded in 1855 as K. k. priv. Österreichische Credit-Anstalt für Handel und Gewerbe by the Rothschild family... - Alfred Charles de Rothschild (20 July 1842 – 31 January 1918)
- Alice Charlotte von RothschildAlice Charlotte von RothschildAlice Charlotte von Rothschild was a socialite and member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of Austria. Born in Frankfurt, she was the eighth and youngest child of Anselm von Rothschild and Charlotte Rothschild...
(1847–1922) close friend of Queen Victoria - Aline Caroline de RothschildAline Caroline de RothschildAline Caroline de Rothschild, Lady Sassoon was a French socialite and daughter of Cécile Anspach and Baron Gustave de Rothschild of the prominent Rothschild family. She died aged 43 or 44 from undisclosed causes....
(1865–1909), French socialite - Alice Rothschild (1985-), a Rothschild and the partner of Zac GoldsmithZac GoldsmithFrank Zacharias Robin "Zac" Goldsmith, MP is an English environmental journalist, entrepreneur and Conservative Party politician. He has been the Member of Parliament for Richmond Park since winning the seat at the 2010 general election.Goldsmith is the middle child of the late financier Sir...
, after his divorce of Sheherazade Ventura-BentleySheherazade GoldsmithSheherazade Bentley Goldsmith is an English environmentalist, author and socialite.During the 1990s, Goldsmith worked in the fashion industry, first as a model and then as a marketer... - Lady Aline Caroline Cholmondeley (1916–)
- Baroness Alix Hermine Jeannette Schey de Koromla (1911–1982)
- Alphonse James de RothschildAlphonse James de RothschildMayer Alphonse James Rothschild , was a French, financier, vineyard owner, art collector, philanthropist, racehorse owner/breeder and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France.-Biography:...
(1827–1905) - Amschel Mayor James RothschildAmschel Mayor James RothschildAmschel Mayor James Rothschild was a businessman.Rothschild was born in Paris, the youngest child of Victor Rothschild and his second wife, Teresa Georgina Rothschild . On his father's side, he descended from the Rothschild family. His maternal grandfather, Robert John Grote Mayor, was the brother...
(1955–1996, Paris), patron of motor racing - Princess Andréa de La Tour d'Auvergne-Lauraguais (born Paris 1972)
- Anthony Gustav de RothschildAnthony Gustav de RothschildAnthony Gustav de Rothschild was a British banker and member of the Rothschild banking family. Born in London, England, he was the third and youngest of the three sons of Leopold de Rothschild and Marie Perugia...
(1887–1961), horse-breeder - Anthony James de RothschildAnthony James de RothschildAnthony James de Rothschild is Co-managing Director of Brighton based A7 music and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of England....
(born 1977) - Anselm von RothschildAnselm von RothschildAnselm Salomon von Rothschild, baron was an Austrian banker, and a member of the Vienna branch of the Rothschild family....
(1803–1874), Austrian banker - Anselm Alexander Carl de Rothschild (1835–1854)
- Sir Anthony de Rothschild, 1st Baronet (1810–1876)
- Antoine Armand Odélric Marie Henri de Gramont, 13th Duke of Gramont, (1951–)
- Alain James de Rothschild (1910–1982)
- Lady Barbara Marie-Louise Constance Berry (born 1935)
- Count Armand de Cossé-Brissac (1967–)
- Miriam Caroline Alexandrine de Rothschild
- Lord Charles Robert Archibald Grant
- Ariane de RothschildAriane de RothschildAriane de Rothschild, , is vice-president of Edmond de Rothschild Holding SA since 1999. Mother of four daughters, she is the wife of Baron Benjamin de Rothschild.-Career:...
- Ariella de Rothschild
- Arthur de Rothschild (1851–1903)
- Benjamin de RothschildBenjamin de RothschildBenjamin de Rothschild is a Swiss banker, the chairman of the Edmond de Rothschild Group, a private bank established by his father and owned by the family...
(born 1963, Paris) - Princess Béatrice de Broglie (born 1913)
- Béatrice Ephrussi de RothschildBéatrice Ephrussi de RothschildCharlotte Béatrice de Rothschild was a French socialite, art collector, and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France.- Biography :...
(1864–1934) - Bethsabée de RothschildBethsabée de RothschildBaroness Bethsabée de Rothschild Baroness Bethsabée de Rothschild Baroness Bethsabée de Rothschild (name sometimes spelled Batsheva (September 23, 1914, in London - April 20, 1999, in Tel Aviv, Israel) was a philanthropist, a patron of dance, and member of the Rothschild banking family.-Biography:...
(1914–1999) - Carl Mayer von RothschildCarl Mayer von RothschildCarl Mayer von Rothschild was a German-born banker in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the founder of the Rothschild banking family of Naples....
(1788–1855) - Cécile Léonie Eugénie Gudule Lucie de Rothschild (1913–)
- Charlotte de RothschildCharlotte de RothschildCharlotte de Rothschild was a French socialite, painter, and a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France. She was born in Paris, the daughter of Betty von Rothschild and James Mayer de Rothschild . Charlotte de Rothschild was raised by very wealthy parents who were at the center...
- Charlotte Henriette de RothschildCharlotte Henriette de RothschildCharlotte Henriette de Rothschild is a British soprano specializing in the recital and oratorio repertoire who is a member of the Rothschild banking family of England. The second daughter of the four children of Edmund Leopold de Rothschild and Elizabeth Edith Rothschild née Lentner , she is a...
(born 1955), British opera singer - Charlotte von RothschildCharlotte von RothschildCharlotte von Rothschild was a German-born British socialite. She was a member of the Rothschild banking family of Naples, but was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany....
(1818–84) - Count Charles-Emmanuel Lannes de Montebello (born 1942)
- Charles RothschildCharles RothschildNathaniel Charles Rothschild , known as "Charles", was an English banker and entomologist and a member of the Rothschild family.-Family:...
(1877–1923), banker and entomologist - Constance Flower, 1st Baroness of Battersea, (1843–1931)
- David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley (1960–), Lord Great ChamberlainLord Great ChamberlainThe Lord Great Chamberlain of England is the sixth of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Privy Seal and above the Lord High Constable...
of England - David Mayer de RothschildDavid Mayer de RothschildDavid Mayer de Rothschild is a British adventurer, ecologist, and environmentalist and head of Adventure Ecology, an expedition group raising awareness about climate change. He is a member of the Rothschild family, the youngest of three children of Victoria Schott and Sir Evelyn de Rothschild of...
(b. 1978), billionaire British adventurer and environmentalist - David René de RothschildDavid René de RothschildDavid René James de Rothschild is a banker and a member of the French branch of the Rothschild family. He is the chairman of Rothschilds Continuation Holdings, a Swiss holding company...
(born 1942) - Diane Cécile Alice Juliette de Rothschild (1907–)
- Edmond Adolphe de RothschildEdmond Adolphe de RothschildEdmond Adolphe Maurice Jules Jacques de Rothschild, usually known as Baron Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild was born in Paris, France and died in Geneva, Switzerland...
- Edouard Etienne de RothschildEdouard Etienne de RothschildÉdouard Etienne Alphonse de Rothschild is a businessman and part of the French branch of the prominent Rothschild family. He is the son of Guy de Rothschild and Marie-Hélène van Zuylen van Nyevelt .-Background:Édouard de Rothschild studied law in France and in 1985 graduated with an M.B.A...
, (born 1957) - Édouard Alphonse James de Rothschild (1868–1949) financier and polo player
- Prince Edouard de La Tour d'Auvergne-Lauraguais, (1949–)
- Edmond James de RothschildEdmond James de RothschildBaron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his generous donations lent significant support to the movement during its early years, which helped lead to the establishment of the State of Israel.- Early years :A...
(1845–1934) - Edmund Leopold de RothschildEdmund Leopold de RothschildEdmund Leopold de Rothschild, CBE, TD was an English financier, a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of England, and a recipient of the Victoria Medal of Honour , given by the Royal Horticultural Society....
(1916–2009) - Elie de RothschildÉlie de RothschildBaron Élie de Rothschild was a French banker, a member of the French branch of the Rothschild family. He followed his father as a partner in the family bank, de Rothschild Frères, and ran the Château Lafite-Rothschild premier cru claret vineyard from 1946 to 1974.-Lineage:Élie de Rothschild was...
(1917–2007) - Princess Elisabeth de Broglie (1920–)
- Elisabeth Clarice de Rothschild (born 1952)
- Emma Rothschild (born 1948)
- Esther de Rothschild (born 1979)
- Evelina de RothschildEvelina de RothschildEvelina Gertrude de Rothschild was an English socialite and a member of the Rothschild banking family of England.-Biography:...
(1839–66) - Evelyn Achille de RothschildEvelyn Achille de RothschildEvelyn Achille de Rothschild Evelyn Achille de Rothschild (B.A.) Evelyn Achille de Rothschild (B.A.) (January 6, 1886 - November 17, 1917 was a British banker and soldier. Born in London, England, he was the second of three sons of Leopold de Rothschild (1845–1917) and Marie Perugia (1862–1937)...
(1886–1917), died fighting for the British army in World War I - Sir Evelyn de Rothschild (born 1931), banker
- Count Gabriel Antoine Armand, (1908–1943), a soldier of the French Resistance.
- Guy de RothschildGuy de RothschildBaron Guy Édouard Alphonse Paul de Rothschild was a French banker and member of the Rothschild family. He chaired the bank Rothschild Frères from 1967 to 1979, when it was nationalized by the French government, and maintained possessions in other French and foreign companies including Imerys...
(1909–2007) - Baron Ferdinand de Rothschild (1839–1898)
- Hannah Primrose, Countess of RoseberyHannah Primrose, Countess of RoseberyHannah Primrose, Countess of Rosebery was the daughter of Mayer de Rothschild and his wife Juliana, née Cohen...
née Hannah Rothschild (1851–1890) - Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon, (1924–2001)
- Henri James de Rothschild (1872–1946)
- Henry Herbert, 6th Earl of Carnarvon (1898–1987)
- Duke Hélie Marie Auguste Jacques Bertrand PhilippeHélie de NoaillesHélie Marie Auguste Jacques Bertrand Philippe de Noailles, 10th Duke of Noailles , simply known as Hélie de Noailles, is a French nobleman, diplomat and trade representative...
, (1943), 10th Duke of Noailles - Henriette Rothschild (1791–1866) married Sir Moses Montefiore (1784–1885)
- Count Henri de Gramont (1909–1994)
- Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley (1919–90), Lord Great ChamberlainLord Great ChamberlainThe Lord Great Chamberlain of England is the sixth of the Great Officers of State, ranking beneath the Lord Privy Seal and above the Lord High Constable...
of England - Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron RothschildJacob Rothschild, 4th Baron RothschildNathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild, Bt, OM, GBE, FBA is a British investment banker and a member of the prominent Rothschild family of bankers...
, (born 1936), investment banker - James Armand de RothschildJames Armand de RothschildJames Armand Edmond de Rothschild, DCM, DL, was a French-born British politician and philanthropist, from the wealthy Rothschild international banking dynasty....
(1878–1957) - James Mayer Rothschild (1792–1868)
- Lady Lavinia Anne Alix de Rothschild, of the Rothschild and Borghese family
- Neil Primrose, 7th Earl of RoseberyNeil Primrose, 7th Earl of RoseberyNeil Archibald Primrose, 7th Earl of Rosebery, 3rd Earl of Midlothian, 7th Viscount Inverkeithing, 3rd Viscount Mentmore, 4th Baron Rosebery and 3rd Baron Epsom , is a Scottish nobleman.-Biography:...
(1929–) - Neil James Archibald PrimroseNeil James Archibald PrimroseCaptain The Honourable Neil James Archibald Primrose PC, MC , was a British Liberal politician and soldier. The second son of Prime Minister Lord Rosebery, he represented Wisbech in parliament from 1910 to 1917 and served as Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in 1915 and as...
(1882–1917), MP, killed fighting in World War I - Nelly Rachel de Rothschild (born 1947)
- Baroness Nica de KoenigswarterNica de KoenigswarterBaroness Pannonica de Koenigswarter was a British-born jazz patroness and writer. She was a scion of the prominent Rothschild international financial dynasty.-Personal:...
(née Baroness Pannonica Rothschild) (1913–1988), patron of bebop and jazz writer - Baron Léon Lambert (1929–1987), Belgium art collector
- Leopold de RothschildLeopold de RothschildLeopold de Rothschild CVO was a British banker, thoroughbred race horse breeder, and a member of the prominent Rothschild family.-Education and career:...
(1845–1917) - Leopold David de RothschildLeopold David de RothschildLeopold David de Rothschild, CBE, FRCM is a British financier, musician, and a member of the Rothschild banking family of England....
(1927–) - Leonora de Rothschild (1837–1911)
- Lionel Nathan Rothschild (1808–1879)
- Louis Nathaniel de Rothschild (1882–1955)
- Countess Magdalene-Sophie von Attems, (1927–)
- Marie-Hélène de RothschildMarie-Hélène de RothschildMarie-Hélène de Rothschild was a French socialite who became a doyenne of Parisian high-society and was a member of the prominent Rothschild banking family of France....
(1927–94), French socialite - Mayer Amschel de RothschildMayer Amschel de RothschildMayer Amschel de Rothschild of the English branch of the Rothschild family was the fourth and youngest son of Nathan Mayer Rothschild . He was named Mayer Amschel Rothschild, for his grandfather, the patriarch of the Rothschild family.-Life:Known to his family as "Muffy", he was born in New Court,...
(1818–1874) - Marguerite Corisande Alexandrine Marie de Gramont (1920–1998), later Baroness de Gunzbourg, daughter of the Count de Gramont, Officier of Légion d'honneur and Croix de guerre
- Maria Beatrice de Rothschild, grand-daughter of the Princess de Marsiconovo
- Miriam Louisa Rothschild (1908–2005), famous entomologist and zoologist
- Lionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron RothschildWalter Rothschild, 2nd Baron RothschildLionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild FRS , a scion of the Rothschild family, was a British banker, politician, and zoologist.-Biography:...
of the United Kingdom (1868–1937) - Nathaniel de RothschildNathaniel de RothschildNathaniel de Rothschild, , known as "Nat," was the founder of the French wine-making branch of the Rothschild family.-Family:...
(1812–1870) - Nathan Mayer RothschildNathan Mayer RothschildNathan Mayer, Freiherr von Rothschild , known as Nathan Mayer Rothschild, was a London financier and one of the founders of the international Rothschild family banking dynasty...
(1777–1836) - Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild of the United Kingdom (1840–1915)
- Nathaniel Charles Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild of the United Kingdom (born 1936)
- Nathaniel Robert de Rothschild (1946), French financier
- Nathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild of the United Kingdom (1910–1990)
- Nathaniel Philip RothschildNathaniel Philip RothschildNathaniel Philip Victor James Rothschild , also known as Nat, is a British-born financier who has settled in Switzerland, and a scion of the prominent Rothschild family. He is the Chairman of "JNR Limited", an investment advisory business primarily focused on emerging markets and the metals, mining...
(born 1971), a co-chairman of Atticus Capital, a £20 billion hedge fundHedge fundA hedge fund is a private pool of capital actively managed by an investment adviser. Hedge funds are only open for investment to a limited number of accredited or qualified investors who meet criteria set by regulators. These investors can be institutions, such as pension funds, university... - Nathaniel Anselm von RothschildNathaniel Anselm von RothschildNathaniel Mayer Anselm von Rothschild was a member of the Rothschild banking family of Austria.Born in Vienna, he was the fifth child and first son of Anselm von Rothschild and Charlotte von Rothschild . As the eldest male, he was expected to take over the running of the family's Viennese bank, S...
(1836–1905), Austrian socialite - Sir Philip Sassoon, 3rd Baronet (1888–1939), British First Commissioner of WorksFirst Commissioner of WorksThe First Commissioner of Works and Public Buildings was a position within the government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It took over some of the functions of the First Commissioner of Woods and Forests in 1851 when the portfolio of Crown holdings was divided into the public...
and Under-Secretary of State for AirUnder-Secretary of State for AirThe Under-Secretary of State for Air was a junior ministerial post in the United Kingdom Government, supporting the Secretary of State for Air in his role of managing the Royal Air Force.... - Count Philippe de Nicolay (born 1955), great-grandson of Salomon James de Rothschild, he is a director of the Rothschild group.
- Philippe de RothschildPhilippe de RothschildBaron Philippe de Rothschild was a member of the Rothschild banking dynasty who became a Grand Prix race-car driver, a screenwriter and playwright, a theatrical producer, a film producer, a poet, and one of the most successful wine growers in the world.-Early life:Born in Paris, Georges Philippe...
(1902–1988), vintner - Philippine de RothschildPhilippine de RothschildBaroness Philippine Mathilde Camille de Rothschild is the owner of the French winery Château Mouton Rothschild. She also has acted under the stage name Philippine Pascale....
(born 1935), vintner - Jacqueline Rebecca Louise de RothschildJacqueline PiatigorskyJacqueline Rebecca Louise de Rothschild is a French-American chess and tennis champion, author, sculptor and a member of the Rothschild banking family of France. The daughter of the enormously wealthy and influential banker, Édouard Alphonse de Rothschild, and Germaine Alice Halphen, she is the...
, born 6 November 1911, chess and tennis champion - Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of RoseberyHarry Primrose, 6th Earl of RoseberyAlbert Edward Harry Meyer Archibald Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery and 2nd Earl of Midlothian , known by his third name of Harry, was a UK politician who briefly served as Secretary of State for Scotland in 1945...
(1882–1974) Earl of Roseberry - Raphael de Rothschild (1976–1997)
- Salomon James de RothschildSalomon James de RothschildSalomon James de Rothschild was the fourth child of James Mayer de Rothschild, head of the Paris branch of the prominent Rothschild family of bankers.- Misspent Youth :...
, (1835–1864) - Lady Serena Dunn RothschildSerena Dunn RothschildSerena, Lady Rothschild, born Serena Mary Dunn on 28 April 1935 is an English socialite and Thoroughbred racehorse owner. She is the daughter of Sir Philip Gordon Dunn and Lady Mary Sybil St. Clair-Erskine. Her sister is the writer Nell Dunn...
, (born 1935) - Countess Sophie von Löwenstein-Scharffeneck, (1896–1978)
- Lady Sybil GrantSybil GrantLady Sybil Myra Caroline Grant was a British writer, designer and artist. She was the eldest child of Archibald "Archie" Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery and his wife Hannah...
(1879–1955), British writer - Sybil Cholmondeley, Marchioness of CholmondeleySybil SassoonSybil Rachel Betty Cecile Sassoon, Marchioness of Cholmondeley, CBE was Chief Staff Officer to Director WRNS, WRNS HQ, Admiralty from 12 November 1939 until 1946. On 9 February 1945 she was appointed as Supt. of the Women's Royal Naval Service and the following year was made CBE...
, (1894–1989) - Valentine Noémi von Springer, (1886, d. 1969)
- Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron RothschildVictor Rothschild, 3rd Baron RothschildNathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild, GBE, GM, FRS was a biologist by training, a cricketer and a member of the prominent Rothschild family...
- Victoria Katherine Rothschild (1953–)
- Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron RothschildWalter Rothschild, 2nd Baron RothschildLionel Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild, Baron de Rothschild FRS , a scion of the Rothschild family, was a British banker, politician, and zoologist.-Biography:...
, zoologist - Wilhelm Carl von Rothschild
Prominent marriages into the family include, amongst many others:
- Maurice EphrussiMaurice EphrussiMaurice Ephrussi was a French banker who also bred and raced Thoroughbreds.A member of the Ephrussi family, Maurice Ephrussi was born in the free port of Odessa where his father founded the Ephrussi Bank and was involved in the business of exporting wheat...
(1849–1916), of the Ephrussi banking dynastyEphrussi familyThe Ephrussi family were a Jewish banking and oil dynasty who originated in Odessa, Ukraine. The family were elevated to the nobility by the Habsburg emperor. The family controlled large-scale oil resources in the Crimea and the Caucasus. They had made their initial fortune controlling grain... - Ben GoldsmithBen GoldsmithBenjamin James Goldsmith is an English financier and environmentalist.- Career :Goldsmith is a founding partner of a venture capital fund that invests in clean technologies, and of its sister company...
(1980–), son of financier James GoldsmithJames GoldsmithSir James Michael "Jimmy" Goldsmith was an Anglo-French billionaire financier and tycoon. Towards the end of his life, he became a magazine publisher and a politician. In 1994, he was elected to represent France as a Member of the European Parliament and he subsequently founded the short-lived... - Anita Patience Guinness (1957), of the Guinness familyGuinness familyThe Guinness family is an extensive aristocratic Irish Protestant family noted for their accomplishments in brewing, banking, politics and religious ministry...
, married Amschel Mayor James Rothschild - Cora Guggenheim (1873–1956), of the Guggenheim familyGuggenheim familyThe Guggenheim family is an American family, of Swiss Jewish ancestry. Beginning with Meyer Guggenheim, who arrived in America in 1847, the family were known for their global successes in mining and smelting . During the 19th century, the family possessed one of the largest fortunes in the world...
, married Louis F. Rothschild (1869–1957) - Abraham Oppenheim (1804–1878), of the Oppenheim FamilyOppenheim familyThe Oppenheim Family is a German-Jewish financial dynasty, which has been a prominent family in banking and finance in the European markets since at least the 18th century. According to Forbes Magazine's Family Dynasties, the Oppenheim Family divides control of their multi-billion dollar fortune...
, married Charlotte Beyfus (1811–1887) - Carola Warburg Rothschild (1894–1987), philanthropist, born into the Warburg familyWarburg familyThe Warburg family is a financial dynasty of German Jewish origin, noted for their accomplishments in physics, classical music, art history, pharmacology, physiology, finance, private equity and philanthropy. They are believed to be descended from the Venetian Jewish del Banco family, in the early...
- Elisabeth de RothschildElisabeth de RothschildElisabeth de Rothschild was a member by marriage of the wine-making branch of the Rothschild family....
(1902–1945), (born Pelletier de Chambure), the only member of the Rothschild family to die in the holocaust. - Antoine Agénor Armand (1879–1962), of the Naples Rothschild lines, married Comtesse Élaine Greffulhe, daughter of Princess Élisabeth de Caraman-ChimayElisabeth, comtesse GreffulheMarie Anatole Louise Élisabeth, Countess Greffulhe , was a renowned beauty, and queen of the salons of the Faubourg Saint-Germain in Paris....
- Count François de Nicolay (1919–1963), of the House of NicolayNicolay (family)The Marquisal, Countal and Baronial House of Nicolay - refer to Nobility particle) is a European noble family of the Ancien Régime with its roots in the south of France at the early part of the 14th Century...
, married Marie-Hélène Naila Stephanie Josina van Zuylen van Nyevelt - Aline Caroline de RothschildAline Caroline de RothschildAline Caroline de Rothschild, Lady Sassoon was a French socialite and daughter of Cécile Anspach and Baron Gustave de Rothschild of the prominent Rothschild family. She died aged 43 or 44 from undisclosed causes....
(1865–1909) married Sir Edward Sassoon, 2nd Baronet, of Kensington Gore (1856–1912), of the Sassoon familySassoon familyThe Sassoon family was an Indian family of Iraqi Jewish descent and international renown, based in Bombay, India. It was descended from the famous Ibn Shoshans, one of the richest families of medieval Spain... - Antoine Alfred Agénor, 11th Duc de GramontDuc de GramontThe Duke of Gramont is a senior French peerage. It was created in 1643. The dukedom also holds the titles Peer of France, Prince de Bidache, Sovereign of Bidache, Count of Guiche and Louvigny, Viscount of Aster, Baron d'Andouins and of Hagetmau...
, (1851–1921), who married Marguerite de RothschildMarguerite de RothschildMarguerite de Rothschild, Duchesse de Gramont was the daughter of Baron Mayer Carl von Rothschild and Louise von Rothschild...
in 1878 - Dorothy de RothschildDorothy de RothschildDorothy de Rothschild was an English philanthropist and activist for Jewish affairs who married into the Rothschild international financial dynasty....
(1895–1988), on her death she left the largest probated estate in Britain - George Herbert, 5th Earl of CarnarvonGeorge Herbert, 5th Earl of CarnarvonGeorge Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon was an English aristocrat best known as the financial backer of the search for and the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings.-Biography:...
married Almina Victoria Maria Alexandra WombwellAlmina, Countess of CarnarvonAlmina, Countess of Carnarvon was an English aristocrat, wife of George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, and châtelaine of Highclere Castle in Hampshire....
, the illegitimate daughter of Alfred de RothschildAlfred de RothschildAlfred Charles de Rothschild was the second son of Lionel de Rothschild and Baroness Charlotte von Rothschild of the prominent Rothschild family.... - Pauline de RothschildPauline de RothschildPauline de Rothschild was a writer, a fashion designer, and, with her second husband, a translator of both Elizabethan poetry and the plays of Christopher Fry...
(1908–1976), fashion designer and translator of Elizabethan poetry - Lady Irma Pauahi Wodehouse (1897), of the Wodehouse familyEarl of KimberleyEarl of Kimberley, of Kimberley in the County of Norfolk, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1866 for the prominent Liberal politician John Wodehouse, 3rd Baron Wodehouse...
- Prince Louis Philippe Berthier, (1836–1911)
- Jeanne de Rothschild (1908–2003), actress
- Nadine de RothschildNadine de RothschildNadine de Rothschild is a French author and actress. She is the widow of banker Edmond Adolphe de Rothschild and belongs to the Rothschild family.- Biography :...
(1932- ), French actress and author - Princess Sophie de Ligne (1957–), of the House of LigneHouse of LigneThe House of Ligne is one of the oldest Belgian noble families, dating back to the eleventh century. It s name comes from the village in which it originated, between Ath and Tournai. The lords of Ligne belonged to the entourage of the Count of Hainaut at the time of the Crusades...
, married Philippe de Nicolay (born 1955), a director of the Rothschild group, and the great-grandson of Salomon James de RothschildSalomon James de RothschildSalomon James de Rothschild was the fourth child of James Mayer de Rothschild, head of the Paris branch of the prominent Rothschild family of bankers.- Misspent Youth :... - Liliane de Rothschild (1916–2003) art collector
- Princess Olimpia Anna Aldobrandini, of the House of Borghese and the House of Bonaparte, married David Rene de Rothschild.
- Richard Francis Roger Yarde-Buller, 4th Baron Churston of Churston Ferrers and LuptonBaron ChurstonBaron Churston, of Churston Ferrers and Lupton in the County of Devon, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1858 for the former Conservative Member of Parliament, Sir John Yarde, 3rd Baronet. He had earlier represented South Devon in the House of Commons. Two years...
, (1910–1991), married Olga Alice Muriel Rothschild - Serena Dunn RothschildSerena Dunn RothschildSerena, Lady Rothschild, born Serena Mary Dunn on 28 April 1935 is an English socialite and Thoroughbred racehorse owner. She is the daughter of Sir Philip Gordon Dunn and Lady Mary Sybil St. Clair-Erskine. Her sister is the writer Nell Dunn...
(b. 1935), grand-daughter of Sir James Hamet Dunn, 1st BaronetJames Hamet DunnSir James Hamet Dunn, 1st Baronet was a major Canadian financier and industrialist during the first half of the 20th century.-Early life:... - Lynn Forester de RothschildLynn Forester de RothschildLynn Forester, Lady de Rothschild is the chief executive officer of E.L. Rothschild, a holding company she owns with her third husband, Sir Evelyn Robert de Rothschild, a member of the Rothschild family...
(born 1954), business woman - Edward Maurice Stonor (1885–1930), son of Francis Stonor, 4th Baron CamoysFrancis Stonor, 4th Baron CamoysFrancis Robert Stonor, 4th Baron Camoys was the son of the Honorable Francis Stonor, himself the second son of the third Baron.The fourth Baron was Lord-in-Waiting to Queen Victoria in 1886 and again from 1892-1895....
- Lady Pamela Wellesley Grant, (born 1912), great-great-grand-daughter of The Duke of WellingtonArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of WellingtonField Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS , was an Irish-born British soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century...
, married Lieutenant Charles Robert Archibald Grant, great-great-grandson of Mayer Amschel de Rothschild - Baroness Rozsika Edle von Wertheimstein
- Count Etienne van Zuylen van Nijevelt of the House of Van Zuylen van NijeveltVan Zuylen van NijeveltVan Zuylen van Nijevelt This family must not be confused with the old noble family from Utrecht, Van Zuylen van Nievelt-Origins:During the 19th C. members of this family tried to prove that they were descendants of the Utrecht noble family. This has later been found impossible to prove.Their...
– married Baroness Hélène de Rothschild (1863–1947). - Baron Sigismund von Springer (1873–1927), married Baroness Valentine Noémi von Rothschild (1886–1969), after whom the asteroid 703 Noëmi703 Noëmi- Introduction :It is an asteroid discovered by Johann Palisa on October 3, 1910 with an estimated diameter of 13 km. It was named for Baroness Valentine Noémi von Rothschild to celebrate her engagement to Baron Sigismund von Springer . Noémi von Rothschild's father, Baron Rothschild, had...
is named - In 1943 Baron Elie Robert de Rothschild (1917–), married Lady Liliane Elisabeth Victoire Fould-Springer, grand-aunt of actress Helena Bonham CarterHelena Bonham CarterHelena Bonham Carter is an English actress of film, stage, and television. She made her acting debut in a television adaptation of K. M. Peyton's A Pattern of Roses before winning her first film role as the titular character in Lady Jane...
See also
- Ascott HouseAscott HouseAscott House, sometimes referred to as simply Ascott, is situated in the hamlet of Ascott near Wing in Buckinghamshire, England. It is set in a estate....
- Avenue FochAvenue FochAvenue Foch is a street in Paris, France, named after Ferdinand Foch in 1929. It was previously named Avenue du Bois de Boulogne. It is one of the most prestigious streets in Paris, and one of the most expensive addresses in the world, home to many grand palaces, including ones belonging to the...
- Bethmanns and RothschildsBethmanns and RothschildsThe House of Bethmann and the House of Rothschild were the two great banking dynasties of Frankfurt am Main. For several decades their affairs were closely intertwined while they carried on a vigorous rivalry...
- Cecil John RhodesCecil John RhodesCecil John Rhodes PC, DCL was an English-born South African businessman, mining magnate, and politician. He was the founder of the diamond company De Beers, which today markets 40% of the world's rough diamonds and at one time marketed 90%...
- Château de Montvillargenne
- Château Lafite-RothschildChâteau Lafite-RothschildChâteau Lafite Rothschild is a wine estate in France, owned by members of the Rothschild family since the 19th century. The name Lafite comes from the Gascon term "la hite" meaning "small hill"....
- Château Mouton RothschildChâteau Mouton RothschildChâteau Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc, 50 km north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Its red wine of the same name is regarded as one of the world's greatest clarets. Originally known as Château Brane-Mouton it was renamed by Nathaniel...
- De BeersDe BeersDe Beers is a family of companies that dominate the diamond, diamond mining, diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacturing sectors. De Beers is active in every category of industrial diamond mining: open-pit, underground, large-scale alluvial, coastal and deep sea...
- House of Borgia
- House of Medici
- Hôtel Salomon de RothschildHôtel Salomon de RothschildHôtel Salomon de Rothschild at 11. rue Berryer in the 8th arrondissement in Paris, France, is a former residence of Adèle Hannah Charlotte Rothschild , the widow of Salomon James de Rothschild of the Rothschild banking family of France...
- Hotel LambertHôtel LambertHôtel Lambert is a hôtel particulier, a grand mansion townhouse, on the Quai Anjou on the eastern tip of the Île Saint-Louis, Paris IVème; the name, Hôtel Lambert, was a sobriquet that designated a 19th-century political faction of Polish exiles, who gathered there.-Architectural history:The house...
- Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic WarsThe Napoleonic Wars were a series of wars declared against Napoleon's French Empire by opposing coalitions that ran from 1803 to 1815. As a continuation of the wars sparked by the French Revolution of 1789, they revolutionised European armies and played out on an unprecedented scale, mainly due to...
- Old MoneyOld MoneyOld money is "the inherited wealth of established upper-class families " or "a person, family, or lineage possessing inherited wealth." The term typically describes a class of the super-rich, who have been able to maintain their wealth across multiple generations.- United States :American locations...
- Palais RothschildPalais RothschildPalais Rothschild refers to a number of palaces in Vienna, Austria, built and owned by the titled Austrian branch of the Rothschild banking family...
- Rothschild (Fabergé egg)Rothschild (Fabergé egg)The Rothschild egg is a jewelled, enameled decorated egg made under the supervision of the Russian jeweller Peter Carl Fabergé in 1902 by the workshop of Michael Perchin, for Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild, who presented the egg to Germaine Halphen upon her engagement to Béatrice's younger...
- Rothschild properties in and around Buckinghamshire
- Rockefeller familyRockefeller familyThe Rockefeller family , the Cleveland family of John D. Rockefeller and his brother William Rockefeller , is an American industrial, banking, and political family of German origin that made one of the world's largest private fortunes in the oil business during the late 19th and early 20th...
- Rio Tinto Mining GroupRio Tinto GroupThe Rio Tinto Group is a diversified, British-Australian, multinational mining and resources group with headquarters in London and Melbourne. The company was founded in 1873, when a multinational consortium of investors purchased a mine complex on the Rio Tinto river, in Huelva, Spain from the...
- The House of Rothschild (1934 film)The House of Rothschild (1934 film)The House of Rothschild is an American film written by Nunnally Johnson from the play by George Hembert Westley, and directed by Alfred L...
, addresses Rothschild roles in the Napoleonic era - Vaux-de-Cernay AbbeyVaux-de-Cernay AbbeyVaux-de-Cernay Abbey was a Cistercian monastery in northern France , situated in Cernay-la-Ville, in the Diocese of Versailles, Yvelines.-History:...
- Wallenberg familyWallenberg familyThe Wallenberg family is a prominent Swedish banking family, renowned as bankers, industrialists, politicians, diplomats and philanthropists. The most famous of the Wallenbergs, Raoul Wallenberg, a diplomat, worked in Budapest, Hungary, during World War II to rescue Jews from the Holocaust...
Further reading
- Niall FergusonNiall FergusonNiall Campbell Douglas Ferguson is a British historian. His specialty is financial and economic history, particularly hyperinflation and the bond markets, as well as the history of colonialism.....
: The House of Rothschild: Money's Prophets, 1798–1848 (ISBN 0-14-024084-5) - Niall FergusonNiall FergusonNiall Campbell Douglas Ferguson is a British historian. His specialty is financial and economic history, particularly hyperinflation and the bond markets, as well as the history of colonialism.....
: The House of Rothschild: The World's Banker, 1849–1998 (ISBN 0-14-028662-4) - Frederic MortonFrederic MortonFrederic Morton is a Jewish Austrian writer who emigrated to the United States in 1940.Born Fritz Mandelbaum in Vienna, Morton was raised as the son of a blacksmith who had specialised in forging imperial medals. In the wake of the Anschluss of 1938 his father was arrested but later released again...
: The Rothschilds: Portrait of a Dynasty (ISBN 1-56836-220-X) - Amos ElonAmos Elon-Biography:Amos Elon was born in Vienna. He immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1933. He studied law and history in Israel and England. He was married to Beth Elon, a New York-born literary agent, with whom he had one daughter, Danae. In the 1990s, Elon began to spend much of his time in Italy...
: Founder: A Portrait of the First Rothschild and His Time, 1996. (ISBN 0-670-86857-4) - Egon Caesar Conte Corti: Rise of the House of Rothschild, B. Lunn (translator), Books for Business 2001 (reprint of 1928 translation published by Gollancz), ISBN 978-0894990588, Amazon.co.uk searchable online view
- Joseph Valynseele & Henri-Claude Mars, Le Sang des Rothschild, L’Intermédiaire des Chercheurs et Curieux, Paris, 2004 (ISBN 2-908003-22-8)
- Derek A. Wilson: Rothschild: A Story of Wealth and Power (ISBN 0-233-98870-X)
Documentary film
- Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World – The early history of the Rothschild's family business feature in the second of a four part series by Niall FergusonNiall FergusonNiall Campbell Douglas Ferguson is a British historian. His specialty is financial and economic history, particularly hyperinflation and the bond markets, as well as the history of colonialism.....
, aired on Channel Four
External links
HistoryFinance
- The Rothschild Group - It includes activities of Rothschild & Cie Banque and N M Rothschild & Sons
- Paris Orléans S.A. - The flagship holding company of The Rothschild Group
- Rothschild Wealthmanagement & Trust - Wealth management branch of The Rothschild Group
- RIT Capital Partners plc - English investment trust founded by English Rothschild family
- Edmond de Rothschild Group - Swiss private banking group founded by French Rothschild family
- Finance
- Banque privée Edmond de Rothschild - Swiss private banking firm
- Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild - French private bank
- La Compagnie Benjamin de Rothschild - xxx
- Cogifrance - Real estate
- Non-finance
- Dmaine du Mont D'arbois - Luxury hotel
- Mont d'Arbois golf - Golf
- Gitana Team - Yacht racing
- Finance
Vineyards
- Domaines Barons de Rothschild (Château Lafite Rothschild)
- Baron Philippe de Rothschild SA (Château Mouton RothschildChâteau Mouton RothschildChâteau Mouton Rothschild is a wine estate located in the village of Pauillac in the Médoc, 50 km north-west of the city of Bordeaux, France. Its red wine of the same name is regarded as one of the world's greatest clarets. Originally known as Château Brane-Mouton it was renamed by Nathaniel...
) - Compagnie Vinicole Baron Edmond de Rothschild (Château ClarkeChâteau ClarkeChâteau Clarke is a wine property of Bordeaux of based in the Listrac-Médoc AOC and classified as Cru Bourgeois.-History:In the 12th century, the Cistercian monks of the Vertheuil Abbey established the first grapevine. The estate would permanently bear Tobie Clarke’s name in 1818, when the knight...
) - Edmond de Rothschild Group - Rupert & Rothschild Vignerons
Houses and gardens
- Waddesdon Manor (England)
- Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild (France)
- Villa Rothschild Kempisnki (Germany)
- Hôtel Salomon de Rothschild (France)
- Exbury Gardens (England)
- Château de Ferrières (France)
- Ascott House (England)
Foundations