SLC3A2
Encyclopedia
4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the SLC3A2 (solute carrier family 3 member 2) gene
.
SLC3A2 comprises the light subunit of the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) that is also known as CD98
(cluster of differentiation 98).
and encodes a cell surface, transmembrane protein with an alpha-amylase
domain. The protein exists as the heavy chain of a heterodimer, covalently bound through di-sulfide bonds to one of several possible light chains. It associates with integrins and mediates integrin-dependent signaling related to normal cell growth and tumorigenesis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
LAT1 is a heterodimeric membrane transport protein that preferentially transports neutral branched (valine
, leucine
, isoleucine
) and aromatic (tryptophan
, tyrosine
) amino acid
s. LAT is highly expressed in brain capillaries (which form the blood brain barrier) relative to other tissues.
A functional LAT1 transporter is composed of two proteins encoded by two distinct genes:
with SLC7A7
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the SLC3A2 (solute carrier family 3 member 2) gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
SLC3A2 comprises the light subunit of the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1) that is also known as CD98
CD98
CD98 is a glycoprotein that is a heterodimer composed of SLC3A2 and SLC7A5 that forms the large neutral amino acid transporter . LAT1 is a heterodimeric membrane transport protein that preferentially transports branched-chain and aromatic amino acids...
(cluster of differentiation 98).
Function
SLC3A2 is a member of the solute carrier familySolute carrier family
The solute carrier group of membrane transport proteins include over 300 members organized into 51 families. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the Human Genome Organization and is the basis for the official HUGO names of the genes that encode these transporters...
and encodes a cell surface, transmembrane protein with an alpha-amylase
Alpha-Amylase
α-Amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyses alpha-bonds of large alpha-linked polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen, yielding glucose and maltose. It is the major form of amylase found in humans and other mammals...
domain. The protein exists as the heavy chain of a heterodimer, covalently bound through di-sulfide bonds to one of several possible light chains. It associates with integrins and mediates integrin-dependent signaling related to normal cell growth and tumorigenesis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.
LAT1 is a heterodimeric membrane transport protein that preferentially transports neutral branched (valine
Valine
Valine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2. L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Its codons are GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. This essential amino acid is classified as nonpolar...
, leucine
Leucine
Leucine is a branched-chain α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCH2CH2. Leucine is classified as a hydrophobic amino acid due to its aliphatic isobutyl side chain. It is encoded by six codons and is a major component of the subunits in ferritin, astacin and other 'buffer' proteins...
, isoleucine
Isoleucine
Isoleucine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCHCH2CH3. It is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize it, so it must be ingested. Its codons are AUU, AUC and AUA....
) and aromatic (tryptophan
Tryptophan
Tryptophan is one of the 20 standard amino acids, as well as an essential amino acid in the human diet. It is encoded in the standard genetic code as the codon UGG...
, tyrosine
Tyrosine
Tyrosine or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, is one of the 22 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. Its codons are UAC and UAU. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group...
) amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side-chain that varies between different amino acids. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen...
s. LAT is highly expressed in brain capillaries (which form the blood brain barrier) relative to other tissues.
A functional LAT1 transporter is composed of two proteins encoded by two distinct genes:
- 4F2hc/CD98 heavy subunit protein encoded by the SLC3A2 gene (this gene)
- CD98 light subunit protein encoded by the SLC7A5SLC7A5Solute carrier family 7 member 5 also known as large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A5 gene....
gene
Interactions
SLC3A2 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with SLC7A7
SLC7A7
Y+L amino acid transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A7 gene.-See also:* Heterodimeric amino acid transporter* Solute carrier family* Lysinuric protein intolerance-Further reading:-External links:*...
.