SV Dynamo
Encyclopedia
The Sports Club Dynamo was the sport organization of the security agencies (Volkspolizei
, Zollverwaltung
, Ministry for State Security
and Feuerwehr
) of former East Germany. The sports club was founded on 27 March 1953 and was headquartered in Hohenschönhausen
in East Berlin
. From the date of its inception until 23 November 1989 the president of SV Dynamo was Erich Mielke
, who was also the Minister of State Security. Dynamo was created in accordance with the multi-sports club model developed in the Soviet Union
and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state. After the German reunification
in 1990 the SV Dynamo was liquidated. At its height the association had a membership of over 280,000 active members. Athletes of the association enjoyed considerable success both in national and international competitions, winning for example more than 200 olympic medals
. After the German reunification the systematic doping
of Dynamo athletes from 1971 until 1990 was revealed in German media reports. The systematic doping of athletes was done under the supervision of the Staatssicherheit and with full backing of the government.
of the German Democratic Republic. Within each regional unit individual sports clubs existed, with each sport club specializing in different disciplines. 290 sections were included SG Dynamo Dresden
(football), SC Dynamo Hoppegarten
(judo
, shooting sports
, parachuting
), the SC Dynamo Klingenthal
(Nordic skiing
), SG Dynamo Luckenwalde
(wrestling
), SG Dynamo Potsdam
(rowing
and canoe sprint
), SG Dynamo Weißwasser
(ice hockey
) and the SG Dynamo Zinnwald
in Altenberg
(biathlon
, bobsleigh
, luge
, skeleton
). The most famous sports club of the SV Dynamo was probably the SC Dynamo Berlin
offering most Olympic disciplines. The sports system was not designed for transfers, but on schedule. The athletes had to be viewed in their own country.
Administrators and coaches from Dynamo Berlin were often sent to support their development. The district organizations always worn the initials SV Dynamo ... . The districts been the same districts of the state.
As a sports brand only Adidas
could be worn by the athletes, in international competitions or the home made brand Champion. If this were not respected, the athletes would have been blocked in intl. competitions for a time, then Dynamo had only hidden contracts with Adidas. Never was an athlete punished.
For small children, there was even a Dynamo-Kindergarten
. Henceforth the larger children trained every day before and after classes. All children were happy with doing that.
For the training, there exists a basic plan. If the children themselves are not good at school, they were being excluded from the training. The emphasis has been respected that the athletes had to pursued themselves the sporting ideology, because otherwise no success would have been guaranteed. The Dynamo athletes should always did stow in their offices sports equipment. This should be at least 10 minutes during working break. These included: dumbbells, expander, impander and poles for pull-ups
. In each year, the best Dynamo-athlete were voted. Few could win 50,- M when they themselves were those who chose the sportswoman/ sportsman of the year. Athletes may not overwhelmed, and to do this.
Particularly, it should be respected so that there were more athletes than fans there. The officials had always successful attempts by the people to the stadiums to attract these onto the sports fields. Dynamo employed a planning cycle that set out the club's objectives for the upcoming four year period.
This sports club was anti-fascistic with the human goals against imperialism
. The grounders of thus here were former prisoners in concentration camps and leaders in the battle against National socialists and Social Democrats at the Weimar Republic
. The Dynamo-Youth commemorated about it at the Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)
, Sachsenhausen concentration camp
. The names of murdered/death communists was given as honourary titles for Dynamo-Clubs, which must fought for it... . For example: SG Dynamo "Feliks E. Dzierzynski" Dresden or SG Dynamo "Dr. Richard Sorge
" Erfurt.
There were also many hymns and odes
of Dynamo, which would written.
Gerhard Kube, Helmut Baierl and Kurt Barthel formed many poems, which playing the sports club a role.
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Neubrandenburg
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Schwerin
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Magdeburg
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Potsdam
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Frankfurt Oder, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation East Berlin, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Cottbus
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Halle
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Leipzig
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Erfurt
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Gera
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Suhl
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Dresden
and Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Karl-Marx-Stadt
. Every district has owned a wine-red silk banner with these writing. The measure is 2.8 × 1.5 m, with, of course, a logo of the SV.
, France
, Spain
and others with thousands of children being educated at specialised (often residential) sports schools rather than going through the normal high school
system. Overall, 3,7 million athletes were in the GDR at the German Sports federation (DTSB) registered in many other successful clubs in 1989.
State-endorsed doping began with the Cold War when every eastern bloc gold was an ideological victory. From 1974, Manfred Ewald, the head of the GDR's sports federation, imposed blanket doping. At the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, the country of 17 million collected nine gold medals. Four years later the total was 20 and in 1976 it doubled again to 40. Ewald was quoted as having told coaches, "They're still so young and don't have to know everything." He was given a 22-month suspended sentence, to the outrage of his victims.
Often, doping was carried out without the knowledge of the athletes, some of them as young as ten years of age. It is estimated that around 10,000 former athletes bear the physical and mental scars of years of drug abuse, one of them is Rica Reinisch
, a triple Olympic champion and world record-setter at the Moscow Games in 1980, has since suffered numerous miscarriages and recurring ovarian cysts. Athletes like Renate Vogel, silver medalist at the 1972 Olympics
in the swimming competitions, were told the injections were vitamins but failed to believe the explanation and quit her sport.
Two former Dynamo Berlin
club doctors, Dieter Binus, chief of the national women's team from 1976 to 80, and Bernd Pansold, in charge of the sports medicine center in East-Berlin, were committed for trial for allegedly supplying 19 teenagers with illegal substances. Binus was sentenced in August, Pansold in December 1998 after both being found guilty of administering hormones to underage female athletes from 1975 to 1984.
Virtually no East German athlete ever failed an official drug test, though Stasi files show that many did, indeed, produced positive tests at Kreischa
, the Saxon laboratory (German:Zentrale Dopingkontroll-Labor des Sportmedizinischen Dienstes) that was at the time approved by the International Olympic Committee, now called the Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry (IDAS).
In 2005, fifteen years after the end or the GDR, the manufacturer of the drugs in former East Germany, Jenapharm
, still finds itself involved in numerous lawsuits from doping victims, being sued by almost 200 former athletes. Many of the substances handed out were, even under East German law, illegal.
Former Sport Club Dynamo athletes who publicly admitted to doping, accusing their coaches:
Former Sport Club Dynamo athletes disqualified for doping:
, chief of Dynamo, was also the all-powerful leader of the Stasi
, the Secret Police of East Germany, mother organisation of Dynamo. The Stasi was widely regarded as one of the most effective intelligence agencies in the world. The intensity of state surveillance was probably without parallel anywhere in the world. In 1989, the Stasi had 91,000 staff members and 174,000 unofficial collaborators - a ratio of one spy for every 62 citizens. Some of them were well known athletes, like Harald Czudaj
, who admitted working as an informer for the Stasi, writing at least 10 reports about teammates and officials of the Dynamo bobsled club
in Altenberg
, East Germany, from 1988 to 1990. He apologized to his teammates. After his admission, Czudaj's teammates appealed to German officials to let him compete in the 1992 Winter Olympics
because they had not been harmed by his work for the Stasi. Mielke himself was sentenced in Berlin to six years in prison in 1993 for the murder of two policemen in 1931. However he was freed after two years when he was diagnosed as senile.
After reunification, the members of the Felix Dzerzhinsky Watch Regiment
, all soldiers were automatically members of Dynamo, got no pension, although they could win sporting successes. It is proven that only an elite army members and no spies were known from the MFS, which has been belonged to. That these members of agencies weren't been agents. Also only if they are served for terrorism defense.
Some also get little pension, although they worked as a teacher, and their acts would have been checked.
Employees of the State Security were camouflaged as civilians in events. Sometimes they did recognize themselfes with the same souvenirs. For example: Bananas and Sandwiches. These was a sort of a "sport-police". On Hooligans are even used agent
's. That happened for years and nobody could it remember. This were often happened with the BFC Dynamo and the SG Dynamo Dresden. Members of the organs of the Ministry of Interior of the GDR had to support the SV, otherwise, there was not a good omen for them.
and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state. It was frequently lauded by East German leaders in their speeches. For example -
"If we speak of the good results the GDR sport, then the Sports Club Dynamo has of it an important portion. But we say dear friends and comrades of the Sports Club all ranges of the physical culture and the sport to you affect. We appreciate however not the large achievements in the area the physical culture and the sport, but say also all comrades of our protection and safety organs thanks for the fact that them us altogether in our work, with which education, with which development of physical culture and sport supported and also with the security of our results and successes in the whole past years in so outstanding way. If we speak of new tasks and new far-stretched goals, then we count on the fact that the sport. Dynamo may be as in the past also in the future an equally strong asset in ours, German gymnastic and sport organisation. The Sport Club Dynamo always took an outstanding place. In the competition of the Sports Club and district organizations it often distinguished, also in districts represent our comrades the Sports Club Dynamo a strong position of our sport organization. We all however know that our tasks become in the future not only larger, but also still various possibilities to open are to carry a still better work out in order to justify hopes of the people and the party."
„We have the certainty that you use all your power; because SV Dynamo, means more than only driving power; (…)
The name Sport Club Dynamo, that is progress that is socialism
, communism
, means, after the progressive theory of mankind to work after Marxism
and Leninism
. (…)Sport Club Dynamo that is undestructable friendship to the Soviet Union, to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
and for Soviet brother organization Dynamo. (…)Sports Club Dynamo , is bounded with the party, with the working class
and the workers of the German Democratic Republic
. (…) Sports Club Dynamo is called to give to the DTSB of the GDR large support with the fulfilment of the tasks is called to work as progressive powers in the selection crews of the GDR, in the district organizations, everywhere, where Dynamo sportsmen work. (…)
Sports Club Dynamo, that means, to carry out the resolutions with humans in the interest of humans for the further stabilization of the GDR.”
remains immensely popular in former East Germany and beyond. According to a denunciation by IM in October 1980 it was recommended initially, remove the three players of Dynamo Dresden to face down for the GDR national team, Dynamo soccer player such as Peter Kotte
(invalid
by malpractice), Gerd Weber
, Klaus Müller (all three at Dynamo Dresden
) when the Stasi had a lack of time and the players were picked on day of departure "and arrested two other men and two women...". The harsh sentences against Weber (which will be discussed by IM entanglement Pleil), end of career and other consequences for released players are observed impressively. It is also exciting that students and the public developed forms of protest against the victimization of those affected with the slogan "Kotte; Müller; Weber, Gerd: Alle sind sie eingesperrt! (English
: Kotte; Müller; Weber, Gerd: They are all locked up!). The MfS controlled the press and responded with misinformation and pressure. They had hard existential problems with the Stasi or became a labor ban. Successful escaped athletes were not always secure like Lutz Eigendorf
(BFC Dynamo). He died under mysterious circumstances. His wife were been watched around the clock in East Berlin
by agents.
One of the best known East German Referee is Adolf Prokop
. He is mostly known for supervising two matches in the FIFA World Cup, one in 1978 and one in 1982. He was also active at UEFA
Championships 1984. As an officer for special missions of the Ministry for State Security
, he was during his time a referee of the DDR-Oberliga
and accused for dominating BFC Dynamo match results. The referees of the set for BFC Dynamo and Dynamo Dresden
games were recorded as IM, as research has confirmed.
However, it is often misunderstood, that the BFC Dynamo was punctuated by MfS only and never been Dynamo Dresden. This is a fairy tale
, at least 18 Dyn. players has been exposed (without officials, coaches
, doctor
s, gardeners etc. ...) in Dresden as "IM". But much love tales of these stories. In addition, the SV Dynamo won over 15 DFV
championships in a row.
The Dresden
Socialist Unity Party of Germany
was interested in a successful representation of the district. It happened with Dynamo Dresden
an arbitrary doping with knowledge of the SED and the Stasi - the officials access to doping, to strengthen the position of the "Black
- Yellow
s" for honour, friends, Intershop
consumption (The Ministry of State Security monitored the Intershop's very strong, often members of Stasi employees or officials were working as shop assistants.). It has completed and researched the faculty
of Social and Cultural Studies at Humboldt University of Berlin
and University of Potsdam
in 2002. Moreover, the style of football was very much geared to endurance than for duel tactics or techniques. A book with the title "Mielke, power and championships" (German: "Mielke, Macht und Meisterschaft") deals extensively with the issue to call the victims with their names and not the trigger, but it is not exactly received by the author for doping as it should then he was strong biased for Dynamo Dresden. Interviews with former athletes confirmed that they didn't live under a rock and were able to get some funds administered in tablets and injections
.
Moreover, the switch in the professional field athletes were assessed on personality and attitude so true talents often missed the train. In the 70's and 80's of the 20th century, there was no international morality in the sense of doping. Seldom gave anybody the technical resources, laws and controls and it is nothing to the latest WADA
control standards of today. In addition other clubs, associations suspects against each other for doping at a hight international level, especially in the era of atomized Cold War
.
Among the Dynamo top scorers were:
Completely won the SV Dynamo more as World champion titles as hundreds of other nations (2008).The most titles have won the rowers.
The Dynamo-Athletes won altogether 2.187 titles in 35 sport-sections over a 37 year period.
With 280,000 members, it is not surprising that the SV Dynamo multi-sport club has a lot of championships won in the GDR, so that a separate category should be needed.
For other famous multi-sport clubs:
Volkspolizei
The Volkspolizei , or VP, were the national police of the German Democratic Republic . The Volkspolizei were responsible for most law enforcement in East Germany, but its organisation and structure were such that it could be considered a paramilitary force as well...
, Zollverwaltung
Border control
Border controls are measures used by a country to monitor or regulate its borders.The control of the flow of many people, animals and goods across a border may be controlled by government Customs services. Security is enforced by various kinds of Border Guards and Coast Guards...
, Ministry for State Security
Stasi
The Ministry for State Security The Ministry for State Security The Ministry for State Security (German: Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS), commonly known as the Stasi (abbreviation , literally State Security), was the official state security service of East Germany. The MfS was headquartered...
and Feuerwehr
Firefighter
Firefighters are rescuers extensively trained primarily to put out hazardous fires that threaten civilian populations and property, to rescue people from car incidents, collapsed and burning buildings and other such situations...
) of former East Germany. The sports club was founded on 27 March 1953 and was headquartered in Hohenschönhausen
Hohenschönhausen
Hohenschönhausen was a borough of Berlin, that existed from 1985 until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform. It was composed by the localities of Alt-Hohenschönhausen , Neu-Hohenschönhausen, Malchow, Wartenberg and Falkenberg.-Overview:...
in East Berlin
East Berlin
East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. It consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin that was established in 1945. The American, British and French sectors became West Berlin, a part strongly associated with West Germany but a free city...
. From the date of its inception until 23 November 1989 the president of SV Dynamo was Erich Mielke
Erich Mielke
Erich Fritz Emil Mielke was a German communist politician and Minister of State Security—and as such head of the Stasi —of the German Democratic Republic between 1957 and 1989. Mielke spent more than a decade as an operative of the NKVD during the rule of Joseph Stalin...
, who was also the Minister of State Security. Dynamo was created in accordance with the multi-sports club model developed in the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state. After the German reunification
German reunification
German reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany , and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The start of this process is commonly referred by Germans as die...
in 1990 the SV Dynamo was liquidated. At its height the association had a membership of over 280,000 active members. Athletes of the association enjoyed considerable success both in national and international competitions, winning for example more than 200 olympic medals
Olympic Games
The Olympic Games is a major international event featuring summer and winter sports, in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world’s foremost sports competition where more than 200 nations participate...
. After the German reunification the systematic doping
Doping (sport)
The use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport is commonly referred to by the term "doping", particularly by those organizations that regulate competitions. The use of performance enhancing drugs is mostly done to improve athletic performance. This is why many sports ban the use of performance...
of Dynamo athletes from 1971 until 1990 was revealed in German media reports. The systematic doping of athletes was done under the supervision of the Staatssicherheit and with full backing of the government.
Organization
The SV Dynamo was divided into fifteen regional units, corresponding to the fifteen districtsAdministrative division of the German Democratic Republic
The Administrative divisions of the German Democratic Republic were constituted in two different forms during the country's 41-year-long history. The Republic first retained the traditional German division into federated states called Länder, but in 1952 replaced them with arbitrarily-drawn...
of the German Democratic Republic. Within each regional unit individual sports clubs existed, with each sport club specializing in different disciplines. 290 sections were included SG Dynamo Dresden
Dynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...
(football), SC Dynamo Hoppegarten
Hoppegarten
Hoppegarten is a municipality in the district Märkisch-Oderland, in Brandenburg, Germany.-History:The actual municipality was created in 2003 when the former municipalities of Hönow and Münchehofe were united with Dahlwitz-Hoppegarten...
(judo
Judo
is a modern martial art and combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an...
, shooting sports
Shooting sports
A shooting sport is a competitive sport involving tests of proficiency using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns . Hunting is also a shooting sport, and indeed shooting live pigeons was an Olympic event...
, parachuting
Parachuting
Parachuting, also known as skydiving, is the action of exiting an aircraft and returning to earth with the aid of a parachute. It may or may not involve a certain amount of free-fall, a time during which the parachute has not been deployed and the body gradually accelerates to terminal...
), the SC Dynamo Klingenthal
Klingenthal
Klingenthal is a town in the Vogtlandkreis district, in the Free State of Saxony, south-eastern Germany. It is situated directly on the border with the Czech Republic opposite the Czech town of Kraslice, 29 km southeast of Plauen, and 33 km northwest of Karlovy Vary.The Aschberg towers above the...
(Nordic skiing
Nordic skiing
Nordic skiing is a winter sport that encompasses all types of skiing where the heel of the boot cannot be fixed to the ski, as opposed to Alpine skiing....
), SG Dynamo Luckenwalde
Luckenwalde
Luckenwalde is the capital of the Teltow-Fläming district in the German state of Brandenburg. It is situated on the Nuthe river north of the Fläming Heath, at the eastern rim of the Nuthe-Nieplitz Nature Park, about south of Berlin...
(wrestling
Wrestling
Wrestling is a form of grappling type techniques such as clinch fighting, throws and takedowns, joint locks, pins and other grappling holds. A wrestling bout is a physical competition, between two competitors or sparring partners, who attempt to gain and maintain a superior position...
), SG Dynamo Potsdam
Potsdam
Potsdam is the capital city of the German federal state of Brandenburg and part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. It is situated on the River Havel, southwest of Berlin city centre....
(rowing
Rowing (sport)
Rowing is a sport in which athletes race against each other on rivers, on lakes or on the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline. The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades as they are pushed against the water...
and canoe sprint
Canoe racing
This article discusses canoe sprint and canoe marathon, competitive forms of canoeing and kayaking on more or less flat water. Both sports are governed by the International Canoe Federation ....
), SG Dynamo Weißwasser
Weißwasser
Weißwasser is a town in Upper Lusatia in eastern Saxony, Germany.Weißwasser is the third largest town in the Görlitz district after Görlitz and Zittau. The town's landmark is its water tower.- History :...
(ice hockey
Ice hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
) and the SG Dynamo Zinnwald
SG Dynamo Zinnwald
SG Dynamo Zinnwald is a sector of SV Dynamo located in Altenberg, Germany. Sometimes referred to as SSV Altenberg, it was founded in October 1992.-Sports covered:...
in Altenberg
Altenberg, Germany
Altenberg is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the Ore Mountains, close to the border with the Czech Republic, 15 km northwest of Teplice, and 32 km south of Dresden....
(biathlon
Biathlon
Biathlon is a term used to describe any sporting event made up of two disciplines. However, biathlon usually refers specifically to the winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting...
, bobsleigh
Bobsleigh
Bobsleigh or bobsled is a winter sport in which teams of two or four make timed runs down narrow, twisting, banked, iced tracks in a gravity-powered sled that are combined to calculate the final score....
, luge
Luge
A Luge is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine and feet-first. Steering is done by flexing the sled's runners with the calf of each leg or exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat. Racing sleds weigh 21-25 kilograms for singles and 25-30 kilograms for doubles. Luge...
, skeleton
Skeleton (sport)
Skeleton is a fast winter sliding sport in which an individual person rides a small sled down a frozen track while lying face down, during which athletes experience forces up to 5g. It originated in St. Moritz, Switzerland as a spin-off from the popular British sport of Cresta Sledding...
). The most famous sports club of the SV Dynamo was probably the SC Dynamo Berlin
SC Dynamo Berlin
The Sports Club Dynamo Berlin was an East German sports club that existed from 1954 to 1991. It was a training center for the Sports Club Dynamo .-Sporting spectrum:...
offering most Olympic disciplines. The sports system was not designed for transfers, but on schedule. The athletes had to be viewed in their own country.
Administrators and coaches from Dynamo Berlin were often sent to support their development. The district organizations always worn the initials SV Dynamo ... . The districts been the same districts of the state.
As a sports brand only Adidas
Adidas
Adidas AG is a German sports apparel manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, TaylorMade-Adidas golf company , and Rockport...
could be worn by the athletes, in international competitions or the home made brand Champion. If this were not respected, the athletes would have been blocked in intl. competitions for a time, then Dynamo had only hidden contracts with Adidas. Never was an athlete punished.
For small children, there was even a Dynamo-Kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
. Henceforth the larger children trained every day before and after classes. All children were happy with doing that.
For the training, there exists a basic plan. If the children themselves are not good at school, they were being excluded from the training. The emphasis has been respected that the athletes had to pursued themselves the sporting ideology, because otherwise no success would have been guaranteed. The Dynamo athletes should always did stow in their offices sports equipment. This should be at least 10 minutes during working break. These included: dumbbells, expander, impander and poles for pull-ups
Pull-up (exercise)
A pull-up is an upper body compound pulling exercise where the body is suspended by the arms, gripping something, and pulled up with muscular effort...
. In each year, the best Dynamo-athlete were voted. Few could win 50,- M when they themselves were those who chose the sportswoman/ sportsman of the year. Athletes may not overwhelmed, and to do this.
Particularly, it should be respected so that there were more athletes than fans there. The officials had always successful attempts by the people to the stadiums to attract these onto the sports fields. Dynamo employed a planning cycle that set out the club's objectives for the upcoming four year period.
This sports club was anti-fascistic with the human goals against imperialism
Imperialism
Imperialism, as defined by Dictionary of Human Geography, is "the creation and/or maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural, and territorial relationships, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination." The imperialism of the last 500 years,...
. The grounders of thus here were former prisoners in concentration camps and leaders in the battle against National socialists and Social Democrats at the Weimar Republic
Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic is the name given by historians to the parliamentary republic established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government...
. The Dynamo-Youth commemorated about it at the Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)
Soviet War Memorial (Treptower Park)
The Soviet War Memorial, is a vast war memorial and military cemetery in Berlin's Treptower Park. It was built to the design of the Soviet architect Yakov Belopolsky to commemorate 5,000 of the 80,000 Soviet soldiers who fell in the Battle of Berlin in April–May 1945...
, Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD...
. The names of murdered/death communists was given as honourary titles for Dynamo-Clubs, which must fought for it... . For example: SG Dynamo "Feliks E. Dzierzynski" Dresden or SG Dynamo "Dr. Richard Sorge
Richard Sorge
Richard Sorge was a German communist and spy who worked for the Soviet Union. He has gained great fame among espionage enthusiasts for his intelligence gathering during World War II. He worked as a journalist in both Germany and Japan, where he was imprisoned for spying and eventually hanged....
" Erfurt.
There were also many hymns and odes
Odes
Odes may refer to:*The plural of ode, a type of poem*Odes , a collection of poems by the Roman author Horace, circa 65 - 8 BC*Odes of Solomon, a pseudepigraphic book of the Bible*Book of Odes , a Deuterocanonical book of the Bible...
of Dynamo, which would written.
Gerhard Kube, Helmut Baierl and Kurt Barthel formed many poems, which playing the sports club a role.
SV Dynamo districts
The districts been the same districts of the state with: Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation RostockRostock (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Rostock was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Rostock.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Neubrandenburg
Neubrandenburg (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Neubrandenburg was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Neubrandenburg.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Schwerin
Schwerin (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Schwerin was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Schwerin.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Magdeburg
Magdeburg (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Magdeburg was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Magdeburg.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Potsdam
Potsdam (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Potsdam was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Potsdam.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Frankfurt Oder, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation East Berlin, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Cottbus
Cottbus (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Cottbus was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Cottbus.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Halle
Halle (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Halle was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Halle.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Leipzig
Leipzig (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Leipzig was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Leipzig.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Erfurt
Erfurt (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Erfurt was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Erfurt.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Gera
Gera (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Gera was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and main town was Gera.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, replacing the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Suhl
Suhl (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Suhl was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Suhl.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
, Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Dresden
Dresden (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Dresden was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Dresden.-History:The district was established, with the other 13, on July 25, 1952, substituting the old German states...
and Sportvereinigung Dynamo District - Organisation Karl-Marx-Stadt
Karl-Marx-Stadt (Bezirk)
The Bezirk Karl-Marx-Stadt, also known as Bezirk Chemnitz, was a district of East Germany. The administrative seat and the main town was Karl-Marx-Stadt, renamed Chemnitz after the reunification of Germany.-History:...
. Every district has owned a wine-red silk banner with these writing. The measure is 2.8 × 1.5 m, with, of course, a logo of the SV.
Members
Key to East German sporting success was a pyramid system with schoolchildren being assessed for athletic potential and the best (typically the top 2.5%) in each school-year being offered specialised coaching. A small fraction of those would go on to become the top adult athletes of the next generation. This model was initially derided in the West as a "sausage machine" but it has since been adopted in modified form by AustraliaAustralia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
and others with thousands of children being educated at specialised (often residential) sports schools rather than going through the normal high school
High school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....
system. Overall, 3,7 million athletes were in the GDR at the German Sports federation (DTSB) registered in many other successful clubs in 1989.
| Year | Adults | Children | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1953 | 23162 | none | 23162 |
| 1955 | 55991 | 10874 | 66856 |
| 1958 | 90160 | 18846 | 109006 |
| 1961 | 105530 | 42822 | 148352 |
| 1966 | 118651 | 54691 | 173306 |
| 1970 | 131752 | 74266 | 206018 |
| 1972 | 139013 | 85295 | 224308 |
| 1974 | 144356 | 93071 | 237427 |
| 1975 | 146127 | 96666 | 242793 |
| 1976 | 148054 | 99337 | 247391 |
| 1983 | 170.000 | 110.000 | 280.000 |
Trainers
Most coaches were also even teachers or other specific occupations. They were all in principle to took members fears before starting competitions. Also said that never was like everything bad could happen if .... Problems are always packed at its source in order to eradicate this. At the same time, they were also the guardian of morality.| Year | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3/4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1964 | none | none | none | 9989 |
| 1965 | none | none | none | 9673 |
| 1966 | 6785 | 2466 | 1362 | 10613 |
| 1967 | 6717 | 2476 | 1489 | 10682 |
| 1968 | 7078 | 2731 | 1712 | 11521 |
| 1969 | 7536 | 3009 | 1915 | 12460 |
| 1970 | 7321 | 3211 | 2058 | 12590 |
| 1971 | 7215 | 3412 | 2119 | 12746 |
| 1972 | 7334 | 3598 | 2580 | 13512 |
| 1973 | 7394 | 3791 | 3016 | 14201 |
| 1974 | 11358 | 3906 | 3098 | 18362 |
| 1975 | 11812 | 3949 | 3407 | 19168 |
| 1976 | 12369 | 4219 | 3524 | 20112 |
The case of doping
The Sportvereinigung Dynamo was especially singled out as a center for doping in the former East Germany. Many former club officials and some athletes found themselves charged after the dissolution of the country. A special page on the internet was created by doping victims trying to gain justice and compensation, listing people involved in doping at the club, the so called Dynamo Liste.State-endorsed doping began with the Cold War when every eastern bloc gold was an ideological victory. From 1974, Manfred Ewald, the head of the GDR's sports federation, imposed blanket doping. At the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, the country of 17 million collected nine gold medals. Four years later the total was 20 and in 1976 it doubled again to 40. Ewald was quoted as having told coaches, "They're still so young and don't have to know everything." He was given a 22-month suspended sentence, to the outrage of his victims.
Often, doping was carried out without the knowledge of the athletes, some of them as young as ten years of age. It is estimated that around 10,000 former athletes bear the physical and mental scars of years of drug abuse, one of them is Rica Reinisch
Rica Reinisch
Rica Reinisch is a retired swimmer from East Germany. She is 5'9" tall and weighs 132 lbs., and is a specialist in backstroke, setting four world records in the Moscow Games , at the age of fifteen...
, a triple Olympic champion and world record-setter at the Moscow Games in 1980, has since suffered numerous miscarriages and recurring ovarian cysts. Athletes like Renate Vogel, silver medalist at the 1972 Olympics
1972 Summer Olympics
The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from August 26 to September 11, 1972....
in the swimming competitions, were told the injections were vitamins but failed to believe the explanation and quit her sport.
Two former Dynamo Berlin
Dynamo Berlin
Dynamo Berlin may refer to:* SC Dynamo Berlin, a multi-sports club in East Berlin from 1954 to 1991* Berliner FC Dynamo, an association football club separated out of SC Dynamo Berlin in 1966 and still extant...
club doctors, Dieter Binus, chief of the national women's team from 1976 to 80, and Bernd Pansold, in charge of the sports medicine center in East-Berlin, were committed for trial for allegedly supplying 19 teenagers with illegal substances. Binus was sentenced in August, Pansold in December 1998 after both being found guilty of administering hormones to underage female athletes from 1975 to 1984.
Virtually no East German athlete ever failed an official drug test, though Stasi files show that many did, indeed, produced positive tests at Kreischa
Kreischa
Kreischa is a municipality in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, Saxony, Germany. It directly borders the Saxon capital Dresden and consists of 14 districts.Kreischa was first mentioned in 1282...
, the Saxon laboratory (German:Zentrale Dopingkontroll-Labor des Sportmedizinischen Dienstes) that was at the time approved by the International Olympic Committee, now called the Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry (IDAS).
In 2005, fifteen years after the end or the GDR, the manufacturer of the drugs in former East Germany, Jenapharm
Jenapharm
Jenapharm is a pharmaceutical company from Jena, Germany. Founded in 1950 in East Germany, the company focused from the beginning on the production and development of steroids...
, still finds itself involved in numerous lawsuits from doping victims, being sued by almost 200 former athletes. Many of the substances handed out were, even under East German law, illegal.
Former Sport Club Dynamo athletes who publicly admitted to doping, accusing their coaches:
- Daniela HungerDaniela HungerDaniela Hunger is a former medley and freestyle swimmer from East Germany, who won two golden medals at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea: in the women's 200 m individual medley, and as a member of the women's 4×100 m freestyle team...
- Andrea PollackAndrea PollackAndrea Pollack is a former butterfly swimmer from East Germany, who won two gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada at age fifteen. She won individual 200 m butterfly and with the women's relay team in the 4×100 m medley...
- Katharina BullinKatharina BullinKatharina Bullin is a German former volleyball player who competed for East Germany in the 1980 Summer Olympics.She was born in Stalinstadt....
- Andreas KriegerAndreas KriegerAndreas Krieger is a former German shot putter, who competed as a woman on the East German athletics team at SC Dynamo Berlin...
Former Sport Club Dynamo athletes disqualified for doping:
- Ilona SlupianekIlona SlupianekIlona Briesenick, née Schoknecht divorced Slupianek is a retired German athlete, who starred mainly in the shot put...
(Ilona Slupianek tested positive along with three Finnish athletes at the 1977 European Cup, becoming the only East German athlete ever to be convicted of doping). Based on the self-admission by Pollack, the United States Olympic CommitteeUnited States Olympic CommitteeThe United States Olympic Committee is a non-profit organization that serves as the National Olympic Committee and National Paralympic Committee for the United States and coordinates the relationship between the United States Anti-Doping Agency and the World Anti-Doping Agency and various...
asked for the redistribution of gold medals won in the 1976 Olympics1976 Summer OlympicsThe 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and...
. Despite court rulings in Germany that substantiate claims of systematic doping by some East German swimmers, the IOC executive board announced that it has no intention of revising the Olympic record books. This is an understandable decision as it could otherwise trigger a flood of such claims involving former eastern block athletes. In rejecting the American petition on behalf of its women's medley relay team in Montreal and a similar petition from the British Olympic AssociationBritish Olympic AssociationThe British Olympic Association is the national Olympic committee for Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It was formed in 1905 in the House of Commons, and at that time consisted of seven national governing body members from the following sports: fencing, life-saving, cycling, skating, rowing,...
on behalf of Sharron DaviesSharron DaviesSharron Elizabeth Davies MBE is a retired swimmer from the United Kingdom. She won a silver medal in the 400 metre individual medley at the 1980 Olympics in Moscow, and two gold medals at the 1978 Commonwealth Games in Edmonton...
, the IOC made it clear that it wanted to discourage any such appeals in the future.
The Stasi and Erich Mielke
Erich MielkeErich Mielke
Erich Fritz Emil Mielke was a German communist politician and Minister of State Security—and as such head of the Stasi —of the German Democratic Republic between 1957 and 1989. Mielke spent more than a decade as an operative of the NKVD during the rule of Joseph Stalin...
, chief of Dynamo, was also the all-powerful leader of the Stasi
Stasi
The Ministry for State Security The Ministry for State Security The Ministry for State Security (German: Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS), commonly known as the Stasi (abbreviation , literally State Security), was the official state security service of East Germany. The MfS was headquartered...
, the Secret Police of East Germany, mother organisation of Dynamo. The Stasi was widely regarded as one of the most effective intelligence agencies in the world. The intensity of state surveillance was probably without parallel anywhere in the world. In 1989, the Stasi had 91,000 staff members and 174,000 unofficial collaborators - a ratio of one spy for every 62 citizens. Some of them were well known athletes, like Harald Czudaj
Harald Czudaj
Harald Czudaj is an East German-German bobsledder who competed during the 1990s. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he won a gold medal in the four-man event at Lillehammer in 1994....
, who admitted working as an informer for the Stasi, writing at least 10 reports about teammates and officials of the Dynamo bobsled club
Altenberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track
The Altenberg bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton track is a venue for bobsleigh, luge and skeleton located in Altenberg, Germany.-History:Altenberg raced bobsleigh as early as 1908 on a natural track going downhill. By the late 1970s, the East Germans who were already successful in luge, began getting...
in Altenberg
Altenberg, Germany
Altenberg is a town in the Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge district, in the Free State of Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the Ore Mountains, close to the border with the Czech Republic, 15 km northwest of Teplice, and 32 km south of Dresden....
, East Germany, from 1988 to 1990. He apologized to his teammates. After his admission, Czudaj's teammates appealed to German officials to let him compete in the 1992 Winter Olympics
1992 Winter Olympics
The 1992 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville, France. They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics, and the first where the Winter Paralympics...
because they had not been harmed by his work for the Stasi. Mielke himself was sentenced in Berlin to six years in prison in 1993 for the murder of two policemen in 1931. However he was freed after two years when he was diagnosed as senile.
After reunification, the members of the Felix Dzerzhinsky Watch Regiment
Felix Dzerzhinsky Watch Regiment
The Felix Dzerzhinsky Guards Regiment was an elite motorized rifles regiment under the command of the Ministry for State Security of the German Democratic Republic . It was named in honor of Felix Dzerzhinsky, founder of the Soviet secret police...
, all soldiers were automatically members of Dynamo, got no pension, although they could win sporting successes. It is proven that only an elite army members and no spies were known from the MFS, which has been belonged to. That these members of agencies weren't been agents. Also only if they are served for terrorism defense.
Some also get little pension, although they worked as a teacher, and their acts would have been checked.
Employees of the State Security were camouflaged as civilians in events. Sometimes they did recognize themselfes with the same souvenirs. For example: Bananas and Sandwiches. These was a sort of a "sport-police". On Hooligans are even used agent
Espionage
Espionage or spying involves an individual obtaining information that is considered secret or confidential without the permission of the holder of the information. Espionage is inherently clandestine, lest the legitimate holder of the information change plans or take other countermeasures once it...
's. That happened for years and nobody could it remember. This were often happened with the BFC Dynamo and the SG Dynamo Dresden. Members of the organs of the Ministry of Interior of the GDR had to support the SV, otherwise, there was not a good omen for them.
Targets and Soviet brotherhood phrases for affluence fakes
Dynamo was created in accordance with the multi-sports club model developed in the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and adopted throughout Eastern Europe. From the beginning it had an overtly political as well as sporting agenda and its many successes were always portrayed as a triumph of the GDR state. It was frequently lauded by East German leaders in their speeches. For example -
"If we speak of the good results the GDR sport, then the Sports Club Dynamo has of it an important portion. But we say dear friends and comrades of the Sports Club all ranges of the physical culture and the sport to you affect. We appreciate however not the large achievements in the area the physical culture and the sport, but say also all comrades of our protection and safety organs thanks for the fact that them us altogether in our work, with which education, with which development of physical culture and sport supported and also with the security of our results and successes in the whole past years in so outstanding way. If we speak of new tasks and new far-stretched goals, then we count on the fact that the sport. Dynamo may be as in the past also in the future an equally strong asset in ours, German gymnastic and sport organisation. The Sport Club Dynamo always took an outstanding place. In the competition of the Sports Club and district organizations it often distinguished, also in districts represent our comrades the Sports Club Dynamo a strong position of our sport organization. We all however know that our tasks become in the future not only larger, but also still various possibilities to open are to carry a still better work out in order to justify hopes of the people and the party."
„We have the certainty that you use all your power; because SV Dynamo, means more than only driving power; (…)
The name Sport Club Dynamo, that is progress that is socialism
Socialism
Socialism is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system. "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises,...
, communism
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
, means, after the progressive theory of mankind to work after Marxism
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry that centers upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis and critique of the development of capitalism. Marxism was pioneered in the early to mid 19th...
and Leninism
Leninism
In Marxist philosophy, Leninism is the body of political theory for the democratic organisation of a revolutionary vanguard party, and the achievement of a direct-democracy dictatorship of the proletariat, as political prelude to the establishment of socialism...
. (…)Sport Club Dynamo that is undestructable friendship to the Soviet Union, to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...
and for Soviet brother organization Dynamo. (…)Sports Club Dynamo , is bounded with the party, with the working class
Working class
Working class is a term used in the social sciences and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs , often extending to those in unemployment or otherwise possessing below-average incomes...
and the workers of the German Democratic Republic
German Democratic Republic
The German Democratic Republic , informally called East Germany by West Germany and other countries, was a socialist state established in 1949 in the Soviet zone of occupied Germany, including East Berlin of the Allied-occupied capital city...
. (…) Sports Club Dynamo is called to give to the DTSB of the GDR large support with the fulfilment of the tasks is called to work as progressive powers in the selection crews of the GDR, in the district organizations, everywhere, where Dynamo sportsmen work. (…)
Sports Club Dynamo, that means, to carry out the resolutions with humans in the interest of humans for the further stabilization of the GDR.”
Professional soccer- cheating with GDR "Oberliga" championships
The controversies surrounding this club are therefore part of this clubs article. The other Dynamo football departments however remained under the authority of the Sportvereinigung. The accusations of match fixing associated with the BFC Dynamo do not extend to the other Dynamo clubs and a club like Dynamo DresdenDynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...
remains immensely popular in former East Germany and beyond. According to a denunciation by IM in October 1980 it was recommended initially, remove the three players of Dynamo Dresden to face down for the GDR national team, Dynamo soccer player such as Peter Kotte
Peter Kotte
-External links:*...
(invalid
Invalid
Invalid may refer to:* Patient, a sick person* A person with a disability* .invalid, a top-level Internet domain not intended for real useAs the opposite of valid:* Validity, in logic, true premises cannot lead to a false conclusion...
by malpractice), Gerd Weber
Gerd Weber
Gerd Weber is a former German soccer player.Weber began his career in 1970 with SG Dynamo Dresden of the DDR-Oberliga. Between 1977 and 1980 he played 35 times for the East German national team, scoring 5 goals, and winning gold at the 1976 Summer Olympics...
, Klaus Müller (all three at Dynamo Dresden
Dynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...
) when the Stasi had a lack of time and the players were picked on day of departure "and arrested two other men and two women...". The harsh sentences against Weber (which will be discussed by IM entanglement Pleil), end of career and other consequences for released players are observed impressively. It is also exciting that students and the public developed forms of protest against the victimization of those affected with the slogan "Kotte; Müller; Weber, Gerd: Alle sind sie eingesperrt! (English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
: Kotte; Müller; Weber, Gerd: They are all locked up!). The MfS controlled the press and responded with misinformation and pressure. They had hard existential problems with the Stasi or became a labor ban. Successful escaped athletes were not always secure like Lutz Eigendorf
Lutz Eigendorf
Lutz Eigendorf was a German football player.-International career:He made his debut for the GDR in an August 1978 match against Bulgaria, immediately scoring his first two goals in a 2–2 draw. He went on to collect six caps, scoring three goals...
(BFC Dynamo). He died under mysterious circumstances. His wife were been watched around the clock in East Berlin
East Berlin
East Berlin was the name given to the eastern part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. It consisted of the Soviet sector of Berlin that was established in 1945. The American, British and French sectors became West Berlin, a part strongly associated with West Germany but a free city...
by agents.
One of the best known East German Referee is Adolf Prokop
Adolf Prokop
Adolf Prokop , is a former football referee from East Germany. He is mostly known for supervising two matches in the FIFA World Cup, one in 1978 and one in 1982. He was also active at UEFA Euro 1984 and refereed the 1984 European Cup Winners' Cup Final.-External links:*...
. He is mostly known for supervising two matches in the FIFA World Cup, one in 1978 and one in 1982. He was also active at UEFA
UEFA
The Union of European Football Associations , almost always referred to by its acronym UEFA is the administrative and controlling body for European association football, futsal and beach soccer....
Championships 1984. As an officer for special missions of the Ministry for State Security
Stasi
The Ministry for State Security The Ministry for State Security The Ministry for State Security (German: Ministerium für Staatssicherheit (MfS), commonly known as the Stasi (abbreviation , literally State Security), was the official state security service of East Germany. The MfS was headquartered...
, he was during his time a referee of the DDR-Oberliga
DDR-Oberliga
The DDR-Oberliga was, prior to German reunification in 1990, the elite level of football competition in the DDR , being roughly equivalent to the Oberliga or Bundesliga in West Germany.-Overview:Following World...
and accused for dominating BFC Dynamo match results. The referees of the set for BFC Dynamo and Dynamo Dresden
Dynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...
games were recorded as IM, as research has confirmed.
However, it is often misunderstood, that the BFC Dynamo was punctuated by MfS only and never been Dynamo Dresden. This is a fairy tale
Fairy tale
A fairy tale is a type of short story that typically features such folkloric characters, such as fairies, goblins, elves, trolls, dwarves, giants or gnomes, and usually magic or enchantments. However, only a small number of the stories refer to fairies...
, at least 18 Dyn. players has been exposed (without officials, coaches
Coach (sport)
In sports, a coach is an individual involved in the direction, instruction and training of the operations of a sports team or of individual sportspeople.-Staff:...
, doctor
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
s, gardeners etc. ...) in Dresden as "IM". But much love tales of these stories. In addition, the SV Dynamo won over 15 DFV
DFV
The abbreviation DFV can refer to:* Cosworth DFV, a Formula One racing engine* Deutscher Frisbeesport-Verband, the association of frisbee players and teams in Germany.* Deutscher Fußball-Verband...
championships in a row.
The Dresden
Dresden
Dresden is the capital city of the Free State of Saxony in Germany. It is situated in a valley on the River Elbe, near the Czech border. The Dresden conurbation is part of the Saxon Triangle metropolitan area....
Socialist Unity Party of Germany
Socialist Unity Party of Germany
The Socialist Unity Party of Germany was the governing party of the German Democratic Republic from its formation on 7 October 1949 until the elections of March 1990. The SED was a communist political party with a Marxist-Leninist ideology...
was interested in a successful representation of the district. It happened with Dynamo Dresden
Dynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...
an arbitrary doping with knowledge of the SED and the Stasi - the officials access to doping, to strengthen the position of the "Black
Black
Black is the color of objects that do not emit or reflect light in any part of the visible spectrum; they absorb all such frequencies of light...
- Yellow
Yellow
Yellow is the color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M cone cells of the retina about equally, with no significant stimulation of the S cone cells. Light with a wavelength of 570–590 nm is yellow, as is light with a suitable mixture of red and green...
s" for honour, friends, Intershop
Intershop
Intershop was a chain of government-run retail stores in the German Democratic Republic in which only hard currencies could be used to purchase high-quality goods. The East German mark was not accepted as payment...
consumption (The Ministry of State Security monitored the Intershop's very strong, often members of Stasi employees or officials were working as shop assistants.). It has completed and researched the faculty
Faculty (university)
A faculty is a division within a university comprising one subject area, or a number of related subject areas...
of Social and Cultural Studies at Humboldt University of Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities...
and University of Potsdam
University of Potsdam
The University of Potsdam is a German university, situated across four campuses in Potsdam, Brandenburg, including the New Palace of Sanssouci and the Park Babelsberg.- Profile :...
in 2002. Moreover, the style of football was very much geared to endurance than for duel tactics or techniques. A book with the title "Mielke, power and championships" (German: "Mielke, Macht und Meisterschaft") deals extensively with the issue to call the victims with their names and not the trigger, but it is not exactly received by the author for doping as it should then he was strong biased for Dynamo Dresden. Interviews with former athletes confirmed that they didn't live under a rock and were able to get some funds administered in tablets and injections
Injection (medicine)
An injection is an infusion method of putting fluid into the body, usually with a hollow needle and a syringe which is pierced through the skin to a sufficient depth for the material to be forced into the body...
.
Historical circumstances
In addition, the Dresden Sportclub (the successor of Dresden English Football Club) has been dissolved by strange action before the founding of the SG Dynamo Dresden. Erich Mielke himself ordered the ban in lifeless behaviour. The DSC was previously the most popular club in Dresden and at the last German championship celebration were hundreds of thousands of fans.Moreover, the switch in the professional field athletes were assessed on personality and attitude so true talents often missed the train. In the 70's and 80's of the 20th century, there was no international morality in the sense of doping. Seldom gave anybody the technical resources, laws and controls and it is nothing to the latest WADA
World Anti-Doping Agency
The World Anti-Doping Agency , , is an independent foundation created through a collective initiative led by the International Olympic Committee . It was set up on November 10, 1999 in Lausanne, Switzerland, as a result of what was called the "Declaration of Lausanne", to promote, coordinate and...
control standards of today. In addition other clubs, associations suspects against each other for doping at a hight international level, especially in the era of atomized Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
.
Dynamo-Hall of fame
They lived across in normal rented houses besides workers or even came from peasant families. They got no million contracts for their actions. Some also studied along their athletic careers, with extra curriculas has been prepared for them. This is proved as progressive.- Gerhard Kaminski awarded the German Federal Cross of Merit for his super trainer career at the Dynamo-Sports-Hall in Gymnastics. He trained world class gymnasts in a 50 years record era, for the Olympic Games. In 1999, he awarded the Manfred von RichthofenManfred von RichthofenManfred Albrecht Freiherr von Richthofen , also widely known as the Red Baron, was a German fighter pilot with the Imperial German Army Air Service during World War I...
- price. - Dynamo athletes won medals in many Olympic and World Championship events. The annual contribution defrauded per year only converted 0,60 - € / 0,90- $/ 12,- M. The citizen of the GDR deserved in average approximately 500,- East German markEast German markThe East German mark commonly called the eastern mark , in East Germany only Mark, was the currency of the German Democratic Republic . Its ISO 4217 currency code was DDM...
(Mark) per month. - The geniusGeniusGenius is something or someone embodying exceptional intellectual ability, creativity, or originality, typically to a degree that is associated with the achievement of unprecedented insight....
Dr. med. orth. hab. Karin Büttner-JanzKarin Büttner-JanzKarin Büttner-Janz Karin Büttner-Janz Karin Büttner-Janz (born 17 February 1952 in Hartmannsdorf a district of Lübben (Spreewald), German Democratic Republic (GDR, commonly:East Germany) is a medical doctor, Olympic medal winner in artistic gymnastics and, since March 1990, chief physician of...
(Olympic winner, medical scientist on the Humboldt University), is the gymnast 20th century. She also invented the artificial intervertebral discIntervertebral discIntervertebral discs lie between adjacent vertebrae in the spine. Each disc forms a cartilaginous joint to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, and acts as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together.-Structure:...
. - Dipl. Ing. Sigmund JähnSigmund JähnSigmund Werner Paul Jähn is a German pilot who became the first German to fly in space as part of the Soviet Union's Interkosmos program.-Biography:Jähn was born in Morgenröthe-Rautenkranz, in the Vogtland district of Saxony, Germany...
was the first cosmonaut in spaceSpaceSpace is the boundless, three-dimensional extent in which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction. Physical space is often conceived in three linear dimensions, although modern physicists usually consider it, with time, to be part of a boundless four-dimensional continuum...
from the GDR. He was also an honorary member of the SV. The honorary title does he won for the SV Dynamo district Karl-Marx-Stadt; at the SC Dynamo Klingenthal, in 1978. When he got the certificate, he said: "As a skijumper were Harry Glaß my personal model for the start to the CosmosUniverseThe Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. Definitions and usage vary and similar terms include the cosmos, the world and nature...
." This skijumper had nearly broken neck, and was in pension of ability. - Dynamo athletes were also the one, which may could learn karateKarateis a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands in what is now Okinawa, Japan. It was developed from indigenous fighting methods called and Chinese kenpō. Karate is a striking art using punching, kicking, knee and elbow strikes, and open-handed techniques such as knife-hands. Grappling, locks,...
or even jujutsuJujutsuJujutsu , also known as jujitsu, ju-jitsu, or Japanese jiu-jitsu, is a Japanese martial art and a method of close combat for defeating an armed and armored opponent in which one uses no weapon, or only a short weapon....
as well as the general citizens could only learn judoJudois a modern martial art and combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an...
. - Spies in the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
has earned the complete knowledge about the martial arts training of the CIA and Dynamo became this informations. - One of the best of the bests, were Maxi GnauckMaxi GnauckMaxi Gnauck is a retired Artistic Gymnast. With a total of 27 medals at the Olympic Games, World Championships, World Cups, and European Championships she is considered one of the most successful woman gymnast that Germany has ever produced.Her parents were expecting a boy and they planned to name...
(very famous), Bernd WiesnerBernd WiesnerBernd Wiesner is a skydiver, who competed for the SC Dynamo Hoppegarten/ Sportvereinigung Dynamo. He won several medals at the World Championships.- References :...
, Jutta Hampe, Katrin Boron, Caren MetschuckCaren MetschuckCaren Metschuck is a German former swimmer and a multiple Olympic gold medalist.-Career:With the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Metschuck won Olympic gold in the 100 m butterfly. She also won gold in the 4×100 m freestyle relay team and the 4×100 m backstroke relay...
mostly in rowing, gymnastics and parashuting.
Among the Dynamo top scorers were:
World-Championships
The sports club won approx. 324 World Cup medals in a 37 years period.Completely won the SV Dynamo more as World champion titles as hundreds of other nations (2008).The most titles have won the rowers.
European-Championships
The athletes won approx. 182 European titles.Championships
The Dynamo-Athletes won altogether 2.187 titles in 35 sport-sections in a 37 year period.The Dynamo-Athletes won altogether 2.187 titles in 35 sport-sections over a 37 year period.
With 280,000 members, it is not surprising that the SV Dynamo multi-sport club has a lot of championships won in the GDR, so that a separate category should be needed.
See also
- Use of performance-enhancing drugs in sport
For other famous multi-sport clubs:
- Red Bull Sports
- PanathinaikosPanathinaikosPanathinaikos Athlitikos Omilos is a multi-sport club based in Athens, Greece. It has the shamrock as its official emblem and green and white as its colours...
- Real MadridReal MadridReal Madrid Club de Fútbol , commonly known as Real Madrid, is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain. The club have won a record 31 La Liga titles, the Primera División of the Liga de Fútbol Profesional , 18 Copas del Rey, 8 Spanish Super Cups, 1 Copa Eva Duarte and 1 Copa de la...
- Sporting Clube de Portugal
- The New York Athletic ClubThe New York Athletic ClubThe New York Athletic Club is a private social club and athletic club in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, New York, USA. It was founded in 1868 and currently has approximately 8,600 members.-History:...
Further reading
- Hormonal doping and androgenization of athletes: a secret program of the German Democratic Republic government, by: Werner W. Franke (Hölderlin High School, Heidelberg, Germany) and Brigitte Berendonk, publisher:American Association for Clinical Chemistry