Salisbury Island (Russia)
Encyclopedia
Franz Josef Land
Franz Josef Land, Franz Joseph Land, or Francis Joseph's Land is an archipelago located in the far north of Russia. It is found in the Arctic Ocean north of Novaya Zemlya and east of Svalbard, and is administered by Arkhangelsk Oblast. Franz Josef Land consists of 191 ice-covered islands with a...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
.
Salisbury Island is relatively large and long, having a surface of 960 km². Its highest point is 482 m and practically the entire surface of the island is glacierized.
Salisbury Island is part of the Zichy Land
Zichy Land
Zichy Land is a geographical subgroup of Franz Josef Land, Russian Federation.It is formed by the central cluster of large islands in the midst of the archipelago...
subgroup of the Franz Josef Archipelago. It has very little open sea around it, being wedged between Luigi Island
Luigi Island
Luigi Island is an island in Franz Josef Land, Russian Federation.Luigi Island has a surface of 371 km2 and it is heavily glacierized. The highest point of the island is 442 m....
and Champ Island
Champ Island
Champ Island is an island in the central area of Franz Josef Land, Russia.Champ Island has a surface of and there is a wide unglacierized zone in the southwest of the island. The highest point of the island is ....
on its southwestern shores, Ziegler Island
Ziegler Island
Ziegler Island is an island in Franz Josef Land, Russia.This island is long, stretching from the NW to the SE. Its area is and it is almost completely unglacierized. The highest point on Ziegler Island is...
in the northeast and Wiener Neustadt Island
Wiener Neustadt Island
Wiener Neustadt Islandis an island in Franz Josef Land, Russian Federation.Wiener Neustadt Island's area is 237 km² and it is almost completely glacierized. The highest point of this island, Peak Parnass, is 620 m, the highest in Franz Josef Land....
in the east.
This island was named after geology Professor Rollin D. Salisbury
Rollin D. Salisbury
Rollin Daniel Salisbury was an American geologist and educator.-Biography:Salisbury was born at Spring Prairie, Wisconsin in 1858. He studied at Whitewater State Normal School in Whitewater, Wisconsin, graduating in 1877 after completing the four-year course in just two-and-one-half years...
(1858-1922), of the University of Chicago
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois, USA. It was founded by the American Baptist Education Society with a donation from oil magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller and incorporated in 1890...
. Salisbury was second-in-command on the Peary
Robert Peary
Robert Edwin Peary, Sr. was an American explorer who claimed to have been the first person, on April 6, 1909, to reach the geographic North Pole...
relief expedition.
Salisbury Island in the Franz Josef Archipelago should not be confused with Salisbury Island, in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
.
Adjacent Islands
- Elisabeth Island (Остров Елизаветы; Ostrov Yelizavety) is a 5 km long oval-shaped island lying 7 km off Salisbury Island's northwestern end. Unglacierized; highest point 121 m. This island was named after Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of AustriaArchduchess Elisabeth Marie of AustriaElisabeth Maria Henriette Stephanie Gisela , was an Archduchess of Austria and the only child of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria. She was known to the family as "Erzsi", a diminutive of her name in Hungarian...
, daughter of Crown Prince Rudolf, after whom Rudolf IslandRudolf IslandPrince Rudolf Land, Crown Prince Rudolf Land, Prince Rudolf Island or Rudolf Island is the northernmost island of the Franz Josef Archipelago, Russia. The island was named by the Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition in honor of Archduke Rudolf , Crown Prince of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia...
, Franz Josef Land's northernmost island, was named.
- Ostrova Kuchina (Острова Кучина). These are two very small islets off Salisbury Island's northeastern coast; one of them is very close to the shore. They were named after Russian Arctic explorer Alexander KuchinAlexander KuchinAlexander Stepanovich Kuchin was a young Russian oceanographer and Arctic explorer....
, the only Russian on AmundsenRoald AmundsenRoald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. He led the first Antarctic expedition to reach the South Pole between 1910 and 1912 and he was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is also known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage....
’s expedition to the South PoleSouth PoleThe South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is one of the two points where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its surface. It is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth and lies on the opposite side of the Earth from the North Pole...
on the FramFramFram is a ship that was used in expeditions of the Arctic and Antarctic regions by the Norwegian explorers Fridtjof Nansen, Otto Sverdrup, Oscar Wisting, and Roald Amundsen between 1893 and 1912...
. Kuchin was lost in Vladimir RusanovVladimir RusanovVladimir Alexandrovich Rusanov was an experienced Russian geologist who specialized in the Arctic.In 1909–1911 V. A. Rusanov carried out explorations in Novaya Zemlya. He was helped by Tyko Vylka, his guide, who later became the Chairman of the Novaya Zemlya Soviet.In 1912 Rusanov had been...
's ill-fated expedition from SpitsbergenSpitsbergenSpitsbergen is the largest and only permanently populated island of the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Constituting the western-most bulk of the archipelago, it borders the Arctic Ocean, the Norwegian Sea and the Greenland Sea...
on ship Gerkules in 1912.