Salm-Salm
Encyclopedia
The Principality of Salm-Salm was a state of the Holy Roman Empire
. It was located in the present-day French départements of the Bas-Rhin
and the Vosges
and was one of a number of partitions of Salm
.
The last territorial partition occurred in 1751, when Salm-Salm reorganized its borders with the Duchy of Lorraine.
In 1790, after the French Revolution
, the princes of Salm fled the territory and moved to their castle in Anholt, Westphalia. Salm-Salm then was besieged by the revolutionary army, which blocked food supplies from reaching the state. As a consequence, the population was forced to surrender to France. On March 2, 1793, the French National Convention
declared Salm-Salm to be a part of the French Republic and attached it to the Départment of the Vosges
. This was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Lunéville of 1801.
Some years later, in 1802/1803, together with Salm-Kyrburg
, the prince of Salm-Salm was granted new territories formerly belonging to the Bishops of Münster
(Westphalia
). The new territory was governed in union with Salm-Kyrburg
and was known as the Principality of Salm
.
, and from 1751 on, Senones
. The second part of the name of Salm-Salm derives from Salm Castle near Salm (today La Broque
).
At the end of its existence, Salm-Salm had an area of about 200 km² and 10,000 inhabitants. It was separated from the main part of the Holy Roman Empire when most of Alsace
was ceded to France in the 17th century. Until 1735, it was bordered by the Duchy of Lorraine to the west and by France to the east. After Lorraine became a part of France in 1735, Salm-Salm formed an exclave of the Holy Roman Empire surrounded by French territory.
The economy of Salm-Salm was mainly based on an iron mine near Grandfontaine
.
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
. It was located in the present-day French départements of the Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin
Bas-Rhin is a department of France. The name means "Lower Rhine". It is the more populous and densely populated of the two departments of the Alsace region, with 1,079,013 inhabitants in 2006.- History :...
and the Vosges
Vosges
Vosges is a French department, named after the local mountain range. It contains the hometown of Joan of Arc, Domrémy.-History:The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on February 9, 1790 during the French Revolution. It was made of territories that had been...
and was one of a number of partitions of Salm
Salm (state)
Salm is the name of several historic countships and principalities in present Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg and France.-Origins:The County of Salm arose in the 10th century in Vielsalm, in the Ardennes region of present Belgium...
.
History
Salm-Salm was created as a partition of Salm-Dhaun in 1574, and was raised from a County to a Principality in 1739 after being inherited and renamed by Count Nicholas Leopold of Salm-Hoogstraten. Salm-Salm was partitioned between itself and Salm-Neuweiler in 1608.The last territorial partition occurred in 1751, when Salm-Salm reorganized its borders with the Duchy of Lorraine.
In 1790, after the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
, the princes of Salm fled the territory and moved to their castle in Anholt, Westphalia. Salm-Salm then was besieged by the revolutionary army, which blocked food supplies from reaching the state. As a consequence, the population was forced to surrender to France. On March 2, 1793, the French National Convention
National Convention
During the French Revolution, the National Convention or Convention, in France, comprised the constitutional and legislative assembly which sat from 20 September 1792 to 26 October 1795 . It held executive power in France during the first years of the French First Republic...
declared Salm-Salm to be a part of the French Republic and attached it to the Départment of the Vosges
Vosges
Vosges is a French department, named after the local mountain range. It contains the hometown of Joan of Arc, Domrémy.-History:The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on February 9, 1790 during the French Revolution. It was made of territories that had been...
. This was recognized by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Lunéville of 1801.
Some years later, in 1802/1803, together with Salm-Kyrburg
Salm-Kyrburg
Salm-Kyrburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire located in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, one of the various partitions of Salm. It was twice created: the first time as a Wild- and Rhinegraviate , and secondly as a Principality...
, the prince of Salm-Salm was granted new territories formerly belonging to the Bishops of Münster
Bishopric of Münster
The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western Lower Saxony...
(Westphalia
Westphalia
Westphalia is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Arnsberg, Bielefeld, Dortmund, Minden and Münster.Westphalia is roughly the region between the rivers Rhine and Weser, located north and south of the Ruhr River. No exact definition of borders can be given, because the name "Westphalia"...
). The new territory was governed in union with Salm-Kyrburg
Salm-Kyrburg
Salm-Kyrburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire located in present-day Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, one of the various partitions of Salm. It was twice created: the first time as a Wild- and Rhinegraviate , and secondly as a Principality...
and was known as the Principality of Salm
Principality of Salm
The Principality of Salm was a short-lived client state of Napoleonic France located in Westphalia.-History:Salm was created in 1802 as a state of the Holy Roman Empire in order to compensate the princes of Salm-Kyrburg and Salm-Salm, who had lost their states to France in 1793-1795...
.
Geography
The capital of Salm-Salm was first BadonvillerBadonviller
Badonviller is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.It has a population of 1,512.-See also:*Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department*Badonviller March*Badenweiler, Germany....
, and from 1751 on, Senones
Senones, Vosges
Senones is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France.Until 1793, Senones was the capital of the Principality of Salm-Salm.- External links :*...
. The second part of the name of Salm-Salm derives from Salm Castle near Salm (today La Broque
La Broque
La Broque is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France.-References:*...
).
At the end of its existence, Salm-Salm had an area of about 200 km² and 10,000 inhabitants. It was separated from the main part of the Holy Roman Empire when most of Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
was ceded to France in the 17th century. Until 1735, it was bordered by the Duchy of Lorraine to the west and by France to the east. After Lorraine became a part of France in 1735, Salm-Salm formed an exclave of the Holy Roman Empire surrounded by French territory.
The economy of Salm-Salm was mainly based on an iron mine near Grandfontaine
Grandfontaine, Bas-Rhin
Grandfontaine is a commune in the Bas-Rhin department in Alsace in north-eastern France. In the German dialect of the region it is called Grosbrun.-Name:...
.
Counts of Salm-Salm (1574–1738)
- Frederick I (Count of Salm-Dhaun) (1574–1608)
- Philip Otto (1608–1634)
- Leopold Philip (1634–1663)
- Charles Theodore OttoCharles Theodore, Prince of SalmCharles Theodore Otto, Prince of Salm , became Count of Salm-Salm in 1663.He was the son of Leopold Philip Charles, fuerst of Salm, and his wife, Maria Anna of Bronckhorst-Batenburg, a Dutch noblewoman from Gelderland. His paternal grandmother, Christina of Croÿ-Havré, was herself a granddaughter...
(1663–1710) - Louis OttoLouis Otto, Prince of SalmLouis Otto, Prince of Salm was the Count of Salm-Salm from 1701, the only son of Charles Theodore, Prince of Salm and Louise Marie of the Palatinate-Simmern. He died in Anhalt....
(1710–1738)
Sovereign princes of Salm-Salm (1739–1813)
- Nicholas Leopold (Count of Salm-Hoogstraten) (1739–1770)
- Louis Otto Charles (1770–1771)
- Maximilian (1771–1773)
- Louis Otto Charles (1773–1778)
- Constantine Alexander (1778–1813)
Mediatised princes of Salm-Salm (1813–present)
- Constantine Alexander (1813–1828)
- Florentin (1828–1846)
- Alfred (1846–1886)
- Nikolaus (1886–1908)
- Alfred (1908–1923)
- Nikolaus Leopold (1923–1988)
- Carl-Philipp (1988–present)
- Heir: Hereditary Prince Emanuel (born 1961)