Salticoida
Encyclopedia
The Salticoida are a group of jumping spider
s. Most salticid genera
(more than 90% of all described species) belong to this unranked clade, with all others believed to be basal
to the Salticidae.
Among the subfamilies in this clade are the following:
The Amycoida form a large neotropical radiation from which only the related Sitticus
and Attulus
have reached the Old World
. The Marpissoida are also mainly found in the New World. The Plexippoida are, except for Habronattus
, an Old World group, as are the Heliophaninae. This suggests that much of the diversification of the salticids occurred after the separation of the continents of Old and New World.
Among the salticids not included in the Salticoida are:
Jumping spider
The jumping spider family contains more than 500 described genera and about 5,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders with about 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among invertebrates and use it in courtship, hunting and navigation...
s. Most salticid genera
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
(more than 90% of all described species) belong to this unranked clade, with all others believed to be basal
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, a basal clade is the earliest clade to branch in a larger clade; it appears at the base of a cladogram.A basal group forms an outgroup to the rest of the clade, such as in the following example:...
to the Salticidae.
Among the subfamilies in this clade are the following:
- EuophryinaeEuophryinaeEuophryinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders.-Taxonomy:Euophryinae includes the following genera:* Agobardus Keyserling, 1885 — West Indies * Akela Peckham & Peckham, 1896 — Guatemala to Argentina, Pakistan...
- Freyinae
- Heliophaninae
- Salticinae
- Marpissoida
- DendryphantinaeDendryphantinaeThe Dendryphantinae are a subfamily of jumping spiders that occur mainly in the New World. The females generally show paired spots on the abdomen, and the males often have enlarged chelicerae...
- Ballinae
- Synagelinae
- Marpissinae
- ItataItataItata is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Itata completa — Panama* Itata isabellina — Peru* Itata partita Mello-Leitão, 1930 — Brazil...
- Plexippoida
- Pelleninae
- PlexippinaePlexippinaeThe Plexippinae are a subfamily of the jumping spiders . They are found in the Old World....
- Amycoida
- Thiodininae
- AmycinaeAmycinaeAmycinae is a subfamily of jumping spiders....
- Synemosyninae
- Hyetussinae
- Sitticinae
- Hurieae
- AdmesturiusAdmesturiusAdmesturius is a genus of the spider family Salticidae .-Species:* Admesturius bitaeniatus * Admesturius schajovskoyi Galiano, 1988 -External links:*...
- HuriusHuriusHurius is a genus of the spider family Salticidae from South America.-Species:* Hurius aeneus * Hurius petrohue Galiano, 1985 * Hurius pisac Galiano, 1985...
- MaenolaMaenolaMaenola is a spider genus of the Salticidae family from South America.-Species:* Maenola braziliana Soares & Camargo, 1948 * Maenola lunata Mello-Leitão, 1940 * Maenola starkei Simon, 1900...
- ScoturiusScoturiusScoturius is a spider genus of the Salticidae family . Its only species S. tigris occurs in Paraguay and Argentina.-References: : , version 8.0. American Museum of Natural History....
- SimonuriusSimonuriusSimonurius is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Simonurius campestratus * Simonurius expers Galiano, 1988 * Simonurius gladifer...
- Hisponinae
The Amycoida form a large neotropical radiation from which only the related Sitticus
Sitticus
Sitticus is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Sitticus albolineatus — Russia, China, Korea* Sitticus ammophilus — Russia, Central Asia, Canada...
and Attulus
Attulus
Attulus is a genus of jumping spiders. Its only species A. helveolus is found in Europe.-References: : , version 9.0. American Museum of Natural History....
have reached the Old World
Old World
The Old World consists of those parts of the world known to classical antiquity and the European Middle Ages. It is used in the context of, and contrast with, the "New World" ....
. The Marpissoida are also mainly found in the New World. The Plexippoida are, except for Habronattus
Habronattus
Habronattus is a genus in the family Salticidae .-Species:* Habronattus abditus Griswold, 1987 — Mexico* Habronattus agilis — USA* Habronattus alachua Griswold, 1987 — USA...
, an Old World group, as are the Heliophaninae. This suggests that much of the diversification of the salticids occurred after the separation of the continents of Old and New World.
Among the salticids not included in the Salticoida are:
- LyssomaninaeLyssomaninaeThe Lyssomaninae are a subfamily of jumping spiders, with eight described genera.The Lyssomaninae are not part of the Salticoida, to which over 90% of all salticid species belong.Six of these genera occur only in the Old World:* Asemonea O...
- SpartaeinaeSpartaeinaeThe Spartaeinae are a subfamily of the spider family Salticidae . It was established by Fred R. Wanless in 1984 to include the groups Boetheae, Cocaleae, Lineae, Codeteae and Cyrbeae, which in turn were defined by Eugène Simon....
- Hisponinae
- "Lapsiines": LapsiasLapsiasLapsias is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Phylogeny:Lapsias, Galianora and Thrandina are informally classified as "lapsiines". These are believed to be basal jumping spiders, outside the Salticoida...
, GalianoraGalianoraGalianora is a genus of jumping spiders.The two described species have quite a different body form: G. sacha is elongate and pale, with raptorial front legs, while G. bryicola is compact and brown. An as-yet undescribed species from Venezuela is intermediate in body form and palpus.-Name:The genus...
, ThrandinaThrandinaThrandina is a genus of jumping spiders, with the single species Thrandina parocula, which is found in Ecuador. It is unique among New World salticids in having strikingly large posterior median eyes.... - HeratemitaHeratemitaHeratemita is a genus of the spider family Salticidae .-Description:Females are about 8 mm long, males 5 to 7 mm. The black carapace is wider than long, very rugose and covered with sparse violet squamose hairs. There are four large white patches near the posterior eyes...
- PlatycryptusPlatycryptusPlatycryptus is a spider genus of the Salticidae family . It was first described in 1979 by David E. Hill.-Species:* Platycryptus arizonensis — USA...
- MaeviaMaeviaMaevia is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .Maevia appears to have been a large blanket genus in its beginnings, with not closely related species from the New World and the region from India to the Moluccas being lumped there...
- MantisattaMantisattaMantisatta is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Name:The genus name is combined from mantis and the common salticid ending -attus.-Species:...
- MetacyrbaMetacyrbaMetacyrba is a spider genus of the family Salticidae .-Name:The genus name is combined from Ancient Greek "after, beside" and the salticid genus Cyrba.-Species:* Metacyrba floridana Gertsch, 1934 — USA...
- CarrhotusCarrhotusCarrhotus is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Carrhotus aeneochelis Strand, 1907 — Java* Carrhotus affinis Caporiacco, 1934 — Libya* Carrhotus barbatus — Philippines...
- HelpisHelpisHelpis is a genus of the spider family Salticidae .-Species:* Helpis abnormis Zabka, 2002 * Helpis gracilis Gardzinska, 1996 * Helpis kenilworthi Zabka, 2002...
- LagnusLagnusLagnus is a spider genus of the Salticidae family . Its only described species, L. longimanus, occurs only on Fiji.-References: : , version 8.0. American Museum of Natural History.-External links:*...
- OrthrusOrthrusIn Greek mythology, Orthrus or Orthus was a two-headed dog and a doublet of Cerberus, both whelped by the chthonic monsters Echidna and Typhon.He was owned by the three-bodied giant, Geryon...
- ParamarpissaParamarpissaParamarpissa is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Paramarpissa albopilosa — USA, Mexico* Paramarpissa griswoldi Logunov & Cutler, 1999 — USA, Mexico...
- Phlegra
- Trite
- PsecasPsecasPsecas is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Psecas bacelarae Caporiacco, 1947 — Guyana* Psecas barbaricus — Trinidad* Psecas bubo — Guyana...
- HasariusHasariusHasarius is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .H. neocaledonicus was removed from Hasarius in 2008 and put in its own genus, Rhondes.-Species:* Hasarius adansoni — Cosmopolitan...
- LigurraLigurraLigurra is a spider genus of the Salticidae family .-Species:* Ligurra aheneola — Malaysia* Ligurra latidens — Malaysia to Indonesia...
- EupoaEupoaEupoa is a genus of the spider family Salticidae . Originally known only from one species from Vietnam, several other species have been described since 1997, all from China....