Sanctioned name
Encyclopedia
In mycology
, a sanctioned name is a name that was adopted (but not necessarily coined) in certain works of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon or Elias Magnus Fries
, which are considered major points in fungal taxonomy
.
, smuts
and gasteromycetes, and in Fries's Systema Mycologicum
(three volumes, published 1821–32) and Elenchus fungorum for all other fungi.
A sanctioned name, as defined under article 15 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is automatically treated as if conserved against all earlier synonym
s or homonyms. It can still, however, be conserved or rejected
normally.
1950 International Botanical Congress
defined arbitrary or actual publication dates for the starting points to improve the stability of nomenclature. These dates were 1 May 1753 for Species Plantarum, 31 December 1801 for Synopsis Methodica Fungorum, 31 December 1820 for Flora der Vorweldt, and 1 Jan 1821 for the first volume of Systema. Because fungi defined in the second and third volumes lacked a starting-point book for reference, the Congress declared that these species, in addition to species defined in Fries' 1828 Elenchus Fungorum (a two-volume supplement to his System), had "privileged status". According to Korf, the term "sanctioned" was first used to indicate these privileged names by the Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1961.
In 1982, changes in the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (the Sydney Code) restored Linnaeus' 1753 Species Plantarum as the starting point for fungal nomenclature; however, protected status was given to all names adopted by Persoon in his 1801 Synopsis, and by Fries in both the Systema and the Elenchus. Soon after, in 1983, Richard P. Korf proposed the now widely accepted "colon-author indication", whereby sanctioned names are indicated by including ": Pers." or ": Fr." when fully citing the species author.
Mycology
Mycology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicinals , food and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or...
, a sanctioned name is a name that was adopted (but not necessarily coined) in certain works of Christiaan Hendrik Persoon or Elias Magnus Fries
Elias Magnus Fries
-External links:*, Authors of fungal names, Mushroom, the Journal of Wild Mushrooming.*...
, which are considered major points in fungal taxonomy
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming species, and arranging them into a classification. The field of taxonomy, sometimes referred to as "biological taxonomy", revolves around the description and use of taxonomic units, known as taxa...
.
Definition and effects
Sanctioned names are those, regardless of their authorship, that were used by Persoon in his Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (1801) for rustsRust (fungus)
Rusts are plant diseases caused by pathogenic fungi of the order Pucciniales. About 7800 species are known. Rusts can affect a variety of plants; leaves, stems, fruits and seeds. Rust is most commonly seen as coloured powder, composed off tiny aeciospores which land on vegetation producing...
, smuts
Smut (fungus)
The smuts are multicellular fungi, that are characterized by their large numbers of teliospores. The smuts get their name from a Germanic word for dirt because of their dark, thick-walled and dust-like teliospores. They are mostly Ustilaginomycetes and can cause plant disease...
and gasteromycetes, and in Fries's Systema Mycologicum
Systema Mycologicum
Systema Mycologicum is a systematic classification of fungi drawn up in 1821 by the Swedish mycologist and botanist Elias Fries. It took 11 years to complete....
(three volumes, published 1821–32) and Elenchus fungorum for all other fungi.
A sanctioned name, as defined under article 15 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is automatically treated as if conserved against all earlier synonym
Synonym (taxonomy)
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that is or was used for a taxon of organisms that also goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies...
s or homonyms. It can still, however, be conserved or rejected
Conserved name
A conserved name or nomen conservandum is a scientific name that has specific nomenclatural protection. Nomen conservandum is a Latin term, meaning a "name which should be conserved"...
normally.
History
Because of the imprecision associated with assigning starting dates for fungi sanctioned in Fries' three Systema volumes, the StockholmStockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
1950 International Botanical Congress
International Botanical Congress
International Botanical Congress is a large-scale meeting of botanists in all scientific fields, from all over the world. Authorized by the International Association of Botanical and Mycological Societies , congresses are held every six years with the venue circulating around the world. The XVIII...
defined arbitrary or actual publication dates for the starting points to improve the stability of nomenclature. These dates were 1 May 1753 for Species Plantarum, 31 December 1801 for Synopsis Methodica Fungorum, 31 December 1820 for Flora der Vorweldt, and 1 Jan 1821 for the first volume of Systema. Because fungi defined in the second and third volumes lacked a starting-point book for reference, the Congress declared that these species, in addition to species defined in Fries' 1828 Elenchus Fungorum (a two-volume supplement to his System), had "privileged status". According to Korf, the term "sanctioned" was first used to indicate these privileged names by the Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1961.
In 1982, changes in the International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (the Sydney Code) restored Linnaeus' 1753 Species Plantarum as the starting point for fungal nomenclature; however, protected status was given to all names adopted by Persoon in his 1801 Synopsis, and by Fries in both the Systema and the Elenchus. Soon after, in 1983, Richard P. Korf proposed the now widely accepted "colon-author indication", whereby sanctioned names are indicated by including ": Pers." or ": Fr." when fully citing the species author.