School District 36 Surrey
Encyclopedia
School District 36 Surrey operates schools in Surrey
Surrey, British Columbia
Surrey is a city in the province of British Columbia, Canada. It is a member municipality of Metro Vancouver, the governing body of the Greater Vancouver Regional District...

, White Rock
White Rock, British Columbia
White Rock is a city in British Columbia, Canada, that lies within the Metro Vancouver regional district. It borders Semiahmoo Bay and is surrounded on three sides by the City of Surrey, British Columbia. To the south lies the Semiahmoo First Nation, which is within the city limits of Surrey...

, and Barnston Island
Barnston Island, British Columbia
Barnston Island is an unincorporated island located in the Greater Vancouver metropolitan area of British Columbia, Canada. Most of the island is part of the Greater Vancouver Electoral Area A; the remainder is Barnston Island Indian Reserve No...

, British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...

. It is the largest school district in British Columbia with 66,100 students during the 2005/2006 school year. District 36 includes 99 elementary schools, 20 secondary schools, and 6 learning centres. The first school in Surrey opened in 1882.

School board

The current school board was elected in November 2008 for a three year term.
  • Laurae McNally
  • Shawn Wilson
  • Terry Allen
  • Laurie Larsen
  • Reni Masi
  • Ijaz Chatta
  • Pam Glass

Elementary schools

School Location Grades Notes
A H P Matthew Elementary School Surrey K-7
A J McLellan Elementary School Surrey K-7
Anniedale Traditional School Surrey K-7 closed in 2010
Bayridge Elementary School Surrey K-7
Bear Creek Elementary School Surrey K-7 Opened 1964. As of 2009, the Principal is Christoper Zimich.
Beaver Creek Elementary School Surrey K-7
Berkshire Park Elementary School Surrey K-7 Opened 21 March 1989. Expanded 2000. Principal is Angelo R. Morelli.
Betty Huff Elementary School Surrey K-7 Opened 1976.
Bonaccord Elementary School Surrey K-7
Bothwell Elementary School Surrey K-7
Boundary Park Elementary School Surrey K-7
Bridgeview Elementary School Surrey K-7
Brookside Elementary School Surrey K-7
Cambridge Elementary School
Cambridge Elementary School
Cambridge Elementary School, located in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, is an elementary school and is a member of the local School District 36 Surrey.- Notable people :...

Surrey K-7
Cedar Hills Elementary School Surrey K-7
Chantrell Creek Elementary School Surrey K-7
Chimney Hill Elementary School  Surrey K-7 Chimney Hill Elementary
Cindrich Elementary School Surrey K-7
Clayton Elementary School Surrey 4-7
Cloverdale Traditional School Surrey K-7
Coast Meridian Elementary School Surrey K-7
Colebrook Elementary School Surrey K-7
Cougar Creek Elementary School Surrey K-7
Coyote Creek Elementary School Surrey K-7
Creekside Elementary School Surrey K-7
Crescent Park Elementary School Surrey K-7
David Brankin Elementary School Surrey K-7
Discovery Elementary School Surrey K-7
Dogwood Elementary School Surrey K-7
Don Christian Elementary School Surrey K-7
Dr F D Sinclair Elementary School Surrey K-7
East Clayton Elementary School Surrey K-3
East Kensington Elementary School Surrey K-7
Ecole Riverdale Elementary School Surrey K-7
Ellendale Elementary School Surrey K-7
Erma Stephenson Elementary School Surrey K-7
Fleetwood Elementary School Surrey K-7
Forsyth Road Elementary School Surrey K-7
Fraser Wood Elementary School Surrey K-7
Frost Road Elementary School
Frost Road Elementary
Frost Road Elementary School is a public elementary school in Surrey, British Columbia part of the School District 36 Surrey.-See also:*School District 36 Surrey...

Surrey K-7
George Greenaway Elementary School Surrey K-7
Georges Vanier Surrey K-7
Grandview Heights Elementary School Surrey K-7
Green Timbers Elementary School Surrey K-7 Founded 1994. Enrollment 787. Principal is Glen Hilder.
H T Thrift Elementary School Surrey K-7
Halls Prairie Elementary School Surrey K-7
Harold Bishop Elementary School Surrey K-7
Hazelgrove Elementary School Surrey K-7 Opened in 2009.
Henry Bose Elementary School Surrey K-7
Hillcrest Elementary School Surrey K-7 Hillcrest Elementary opened in 2000 with approximately 400 students. That number has increased by 222 in the past eight years by 2008, although Hazelgrove Elementary took a few students out of the school. The principal was D. White, who retired in 2009. The school is currently in its tenth year.
Hjorth Road Elementary School Surrey K-7
Holly Elementary Surrey K-7
Hyland Elementary School Surrey K-7
J T Brown Elementary School Surrey K-7
James Ardiel Elementary School Surrey K-7 Approximately 500 students enrolled to James Ardiel.
Janice Churchill Elementary School Surrey K-7 Enrolls approximately 400 students.The principal of Janice Churchill is Mr.C.R. Angeltvedt.Janice Churchill Elementary School is located in the centre of Surrey, BC. Janice Churchill Elementary is named after a highly respected teacher who lost her battle to skin cancer at a young age. Their mascot is a Cheetah.
Jessie Lee Elementary School Surrey K-7
K B Woodward Elementary School Surrey K-7
Kennedy Trail Elementary School Surrey K-7
Kensington Prairie Elementary School
Kensington Prairie Elementary School
Kensington Prairie Elementary School was a public elementary school, situated in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada, that was part of School District 36 Surrey. It operated from 1887 until 2006...

Surrey K-7
Kirkbride Elementary School Surrey K-7
Laronde Elementary School Surrey K-7
Latimer Road Elementary School Surrey K-7
Lena Shaw Elementary School Surrey K-7
M B Sanford Elementary School Surrey K-7
Maple Green Elementary School Surrey K-7
Martha Currie Elementary School Surrey K-7
Martha Jane Norris Elementary School Surrey K-7
Mary Jane Shannon Elementary School Surrey K-7
McLeod Road Elementary School Surrey K-7
Morgan Elementary School Surrey K-7
Mountainview Montessori School
Mountainview Montessori School
Mountainview Montessori is a public elementary school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. It is the only publicly funded “single track” Montessori programme in Surrey. It was originally established at the historic Tynehead Elementary School in 1990 and moved to the new...

Surrey K-7
Newton Elementary School Surrey K-7
North Ridge Elementary School Surrey K-7
Ocean Cliff Elementary School Surrey K-7 School opened in September, 1990.
Old Yale Road Elementary School Surrey K-7
Pacific Heights Elementary School Surrey K-7 Opened in 2006. Their mascot is a phoenix.
Panorama Park Elementary School Surrey K-7
Peace Arch Elementary School White Rock K-7
Port Kells Elementary School Surrey K-7
Prince Charles Elementary School Surrey K-7 Their mascot is the Griffin.
Ray Shepherd Elementary School Surrey K-7
Riverdale Elementary School Surrey K-7
Royal Heights Elementary School Surrey K-7 Founded in 1966 by anthropologist and vocalist Adam R. Knowles. The principal is R. Holman and enrolment about 250. Their mascot is the lion.
Semiahmoo Trail Elementary School Surrey K-7
Senator Reid Elementary School Surrey K-7 Founded 1961, principal is H Schnee. Also, lead singer for the band Hedley Jacob Hoggard attended Senator Reid when he was in Elementary School. He graduated from L.A Matheson in 2002.
Serpentine Heights Elementary School Surrey K-7
Simon Cunningham Elementary School Surrey K-7
South Meridian Elementary School Surrey K-7
Strawberry Hill Elementary School Surrey K-7 Strawberry Hill Elementary is a learning community with 570 students, 378 families and 58 staff members.Over the past years, the community has evolved into one consisting largely of Indo-Canadian and Pak -Canadian families. Most of the students speak Punjabi, English, Urdu or Hindi, with the others remaining students speaking a variety of other different languages. strawberry hill elementary opened in 1983 and still is open this recent year
Sullivan Elementary School Surrey K-7
Sunnyside Elementary Surrey K-7 Sunnyside Elementary is a dual-track school that offers a Montessori program and a neighbourhood program in South Surrey.
Sunrise Ridge Elementary School Surrey K-7
Surrey Centre Elementary School Surrey K-7
T E Scott Elementary School Surrey K-7
W E Kinvig Elementary School Surrey K-7
Walnut Road Elementary School Surrey K-7
Westerman Elementary School Surrey K-7
White Rock Elementary School White Rock K-7
William F. Davidson Elementary School
William F. Davidson Elementary School
William F. Davidson Elementary is a public elementary school in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada. It is part of School District 36 Surrey.Principal: Mr.Ralph MoyVice Principal: Mrs.Deborah Thorvaldson-School Reports - Ministry of Education:* * * *...

Surrey K-7
William Watson Elementary School Surrey K-7
Woodward Hill Elementary School Surrey K-7
Woodland Park Elementary School Surrey K-7




Chimney Hill Elementary School

49°8.2408′N 122°48.7432′W

Chimney Hill Elementary School, at 14755 74 Avenue is a K-7 school. As of September 20th, 2011, the school has 708 students, with 29 divisions, out of which 25 are from Grade 1 to 7; and 4 are Kindergarten classes. The Principal is Mr. C. S. Baldry, and Vice Principal is Ms. K. Addie.

Chimney Hill was built in 2000 as a result of the development in the area.

Discovery Elementary School

49°12′1.8"N 122°51′32.2"W

Discovery Elementary School, at 13104 109 Ave is a K-7 school with 133 students as of 16 January 2006. The Principal is Ms. C. Graham.

Discovery was founded about forty years ago by parents and teachers and is based on the Adlarian philosophy. In its early days, the school had a strong parent involvement in learning and students often learned in alternative environments including field-trips and museums, and doctoral-level educators were sometimes brought in. The classroom setting at Discovery has no desks, instead students sit in a circle on the floor, to give a sense of equality and to facilitate eye-contact and communication. There are, however, chairs in the computer room and sofas in the library.

Secondary schools and other programs

School Location Grades Notes
Adolescent Psychiatric Unit Program (Surrey) Surrey
Clayton Heights Secondary School
Clayton Heights Secondary School
Clayton Heights Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia and is a part of School District 36 Surrey.-Location:The school is set back on the west side of 188th St. The closest major intersection is 188th St...

Surrey 8-12 Clayton Heights opened in 1999 with 1,000 students enrolled. Since then the student population has increased to 1,325. Former principal was E. Kosty who retired in 2007, and K. Farrell took his place in the 2007/2008 school year. The school is currently in its thirteenth year, and K. Farrell retired in June 2011. Current principal is Mrs. Henriques.
Cloverdale Learning Centre
Cloverdale Learning Centre
Cloverdale Learning Centre is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. It is a storefront school providing an alternative schooling option....

Surrey 10-12
Continuing Ed SD 36 School Surrey 11-12
Daughters and Sisters(PLEA)Program Surrey
Earl Marriott Secondary School
Earl Marriott Secondary School
Earl Marriott Secondary is a public high school in the Vancouver suburb of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada and is part of School District 36 Surrey. It is referred to as the 'Home of the Mariners'. It is located on the edge of city limits, on 16 Avenue...

Surrey 8-12
Elgin Park Secondary School
Elgin Park Secondary School
Elgin Park Secondary is a public high school in School District 36 Surrey. It is referred to as the 'Home of the Orcas'.- Academics :Elgin Park Secondary offers the Integrated Program, as well as the Science Co-op and Humanities Co-op programs...

Surrey 8-12
Enver Creek Secondary School
Enver Creek Secondary School
Enver Creek Secondary School is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia, Canada and is part of the School District 36 Surrey.-Provincial AAA Senior Boys' Soccer Champions, November 26, 2011:...

Surrey 8-12
Fleetwood Park Secondary School
Fleetwood Park Secondary School
Fleetwood Park Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. The school ranked 55 of 316 according to the Fraser Institute Studies in Education Policy in 2007–2008.-Academics:...

Surrey 8-12
Frank Hurt Secondary School
Frank Hurt Secondary School
Frank Hurt Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. The school's mascot is a Hornet, with the team and school colors consisting of black, white and golden yellow....

Surrey 8-12
Fraser Heights Secondary School
Fraser Heights Secondary School
Fraser Heights Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. Around the school is a vast park area, a large field as well as the Fraser Heights Recreation Centre. The school is known for its high academic reputation in various subjects as well as...

Surrey 8-12
Guildford Learning Centre Surrey 10-12
Guildford Park Secondary School
Guildford Park Secondary School
Guildford Park Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. Guildford Park offers academic courses as part of the Advanced Placement program...

Surrey 8-12
Invergarry Learning Centre Surrey 10
Johnston Heights Secondary School
Johnston Heights Secondary School
Johnston Heights Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia and is part of School District 36 Surrey.The newest building was built in 1991. Johnston Heights' exterior highly resembles that of its neighbouring high school, North Surrey Secondary School. The Canadian government...

Surrey 8-12
Kwantlen Park Secondary School
Kwantlen Park Secondary School
École Kwantlen Park Secondary School is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. Kwantlen Park Secondary was named after the park it sits beside. Approval was required from the Kwantlen First Nation in order to use their name...

 (Inter-A
Inter-A
Inter-A is one of the many options available to high school students in British Columbia, Canada. The program is based on leadership and is available to students in grades 7-12. Inter-A is situated within Kwantlen Park Secondary School which is part of School District 36 Surrey.-History:The Inter-A...

)
Surrey 7-12
L A Matheson Secondary School
L A Matheson Secondary School
L A Matheson Secondary School is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia and is part of School District 36 Surrey. The school opened in 1969 as a junior secondary school as a feeder to Queen Elizabeth Secondary School but in 1998 became a full secondary school serving grades 8 through 12.-...

Surrey 8-12
Lord Tweedsmuir Secondary School
Lord Tweedsmuir Secondary School
Lord Tweedsmuir Secondary is a public high school in the Vancouver suburb of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada and is part of School District 36 Surrey. In September 1993, staff and students from Cloverdale Junior Secondary and Lord Tweedsmuir Senior Secondary joined together to form Lord Tweedsmuir...

Surrey 8-12
Newton Learning Centre Surrey 10-12
North Surrey Secondary School
North Surrey Secondary School
North Surrey Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia and is part of School District 36 Surrey. The current structure dates from 1994, but the site has been in use since 1949. During the 1999-2000 year, a track was constructed on property north of the main building...

Surrey 8-12 Opened in 1949, but the current structure has been in use since 1994. Principal is R. Puri, while vice principals are G. Sarmento and C. McLaughlin.
North Surrey Learning Centre Surrey 10-12
Panorama Ridge Secondary School
Panorama Ridge Secondary School
Panorama Ridge Secondary is a public high school in the Vancouver suburb of Surrey, British Columbia, Canada and is part of School District 36 Surrey. It has a French immersion program for students in grades 8-12 and approximately 20% of the school's students are enrolled in that program. The...

Surrey 8-12
Princess Margaret Secondary School
Princess Margaret Secondary School
Princess Margaret Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. The school is notable in Surrey for its sports programs. The goals of Princess Margaret Secondary include increasing reading comprehension and increasing numeracy skills in Grade 8...

Surrey 8-12
Queen Elizabeth Secondary School
Queen Elizabeth Secondary School
Queen Elizabeth Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. The school is named after Queen Elizabeth who visited Canada in 1939...

Surrey 8-12
Semiahmoo Secondary School
Semiahmoo Secondary School
Semiahmoo Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia and is part of School District 36 Surrey. Founded in 1940 as the first senior secondary school in South Surrey, Semiahmoo spans grades 8 through 12. The school currently has a student population of 1481 and a faculty of 96,...

Surrey 8-12
Surrey Traditional School
Surrey Traditional School
Surrey Traditional School is a choice school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey. The school is organized in a K through grade 6 elementary school and a middle school grade 7. There use to be grade 8-12 but they couldn't afford the subjects for those grades so now there...

Surrey K-9
Surrey Connect Online School Surrey K-12
École Secondaire Sullivan Heights Secondary School Surrey 8-12
Student Support Centre Surrey 6-12
South Surrey White Rock Learning Centre
South Surrey White Rock Learning Centre
South Surrey White Rock Learning Centre is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey....

Surrey 10-12
South Fraser Adolescent Day Treatment Program Surrey
Tamanawis Secondary School
Tamanawis Secondary School
Tamanawis Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia part of School District 36 Surrey.The school provides a lot of choice regarding subjects for its students...

Surrey 8-12
TREES Centre Surrey 8-10
Waypoint Substance Abuse House Surrey




Budget shortfall

The Surrey School District is facing a deficit of $12.3 million dollars for the 2010/2011 year. The district plans to hire fewer teachers and cut spending in the departments such as B.A.S.E.S programs, despite an increase in the number of students..
Various school districts in the province are facing difficulties due to reduced funding from the BC Ministry of Education. The Surrey School District is one of few in the province that is experiencing an increase in enrollment.

Books

The Surrey school district was the focus of major media attention from 1997 to 2002. The board voted that books dealing with families where both parents were of the same sex not be included as optional learning resources. These books were requested by James Chamberlain, a kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...

 teacher
Teacher
A teacher or schoolteacher is a person who provides education for pupils and students . The role of teacher is often formal and ongoing, carried out at a school or other place of formal education. In many countries, a person who wishes to become a teacher must first obtain specified professional...

, to reflect on the realities of today's families and to teach his pupils about diversity and tolerance
Toleration
Toleration is "the practice of deliberately allowing or permitting a thing of which one disapproves. One can meaningfully speak of tolerating, ie of allowing or permitting, only if one is in a position to disallow”. It has also been defined as "to bear or endure" or "to nourish, sustain or preserve"...

.

A legal battle to overturn the decision to ban the three books went all the way to the Supreme Court of Canada
Supreme Court of Canada
The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeals in the Canadian justice system. The court grants permission to between 40 and 75 litigants each year to appeal decisions rendered by provincial, territorial and federal appellate courts, and its decisions...

, where the school board's decision was overturned. The judgment, Chamberlain v. Surrey School District No. 36
Chamberlain v. Surrey School District No. 36
Chamberlain v. Surrey District School Board No. 36, [2002] 4 S.C.R. 710, 2002 SCC 86, was a case in which the Supreme Court of Canada held that a local school board could not impose its religious values by refusing to permit the use of books that sought to promote tolerance of same-sex...

, cited the need for families headed by same-sex couples to be respected. Chief Justice
Chief Justice
The Chief Justice in many countries is the name for the presiding member of a Supreme Court in Commonwealth or other countries with an Anglo-Saxon justice system based on English common law, such as the Supreme Court of Canada, the Constitutional Court of South Africa, the Court of Final Appeal of...

 Beverley McLachlin
Beverley McLachlin
Beverley McLachlin, PC is the Chief Justice of Canada, the first woman to hold this position. She also serves as a Deputy of the Governor General of Canada.-Early life:...

 dismissed the Board's concerns that child
Child
Biologically, a child is generally a human between the stages of birth and puberty. Some vernacular definitions of a child include the fetus, as being an unborn child. The legal definition of "child" generally refers to a minor, otherwise known as a person younger than the age of majority...

ren would be confused or misled by classroom
Classroom
A classroom is a room in which teaching or learning activities can take place. Classrooms are found in educational institutions of all kinds, including public and private schools, corporations, and religious and humanitarian organizations...

 information about same-sex parents. She pointed out that the children of same-sex parents
Same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage is marriage between two persons of the same biological sex or social gender. Supporters of legal recognition for same-sex marriage typically refer to such recognition as marriage equality....

 are rubbing shoulders with children from more traditional families and wrote: "Tolerance
Toleration
Toleration is "the practice of deliberately allowing or permitting a thing of which one disapproves. One can meaningfully speak of tolerating, ie of allowing or permitting, only if one is in a position to disallow”. It has also been defined as "to bear or endure" or "to nourish, sustain or preserve"...

 is always age-appropriate, children cannot learn unless they are exposed to views that differ from those they are taught at home." The legal fees ended up costing Surrey taxpayers over $1,200,000.

Drama

In 2005, the Surrey School Board once again made national news for prohibiting the production of The Laramie Project
The Laramie Project
The Laramie Project is a play by Moisés Kaufman and members of the Tectonic Theater Project about the reaction to the 1998 murder of University of Wyoming gay student Matthew Shepard in Laramie,...

, a play that deals with the murder of a gay university student, in one of its secondary schools, Elgin Park Secondary, causing outrage from LGBT advocacy organization Egale Canada
Egale Canada
Egale Canada is an advocacy organization founded in 1986 to advance equality for Canadian lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people and their families, across Canada....

. A Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...

 school, Lord Byng
Lord Byng Secondary School
Lord Byng Secondary School is a grade 8-12 school located in the West Point Grey neighbourhood on the west side of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada...

, located in the neighbouring Vancouver School District subsequently chose to stage the play.

Environment

In May 2007, the Surrey School Board made national news when it voted to instruct teachers not to show Al Gore
Al Gore
Albert Arnold "Al" Gore, Jr. served as the 45th Vice President of the United States , under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party's nominee for President in the 2000 U.S. presidential election....

's global warming documentary An Inconvenient Truth
An Inconvenient Truth
An Inconvenient Truth is a 2006 documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about former United States Vice President Al Gore's campaign to educate citizens about global warming via a comprehensive slide show that, by his own estimate, he has given more than a thousand times.Premiering at the...

until trustees are able to review the film. Trustee Heather Stilwell
Heather Stilwell
Heather Stilwell was a political activist and former school trustee in Surrey, British Columbia. A staunch Roman Catholic, she was well-known for her opinions opposing homosexuality, abortion, and sex education....

 said she's not sold on the theory of global warming: "I am not sure. I mean I see evidence. I think there is climate change, there's no question about that. Whether what Al Gore says about it is the truth, I have questions."

Extra-Curricular Clubs

In early November, 2009, a Cloverdale father, Paul Jubenvill, requested an extra-curricular non-instructional voluntarily-attended Bible club during lunch-hour at his sons' school, Colebrook Elementary. The school would not permit the club on their property, and the Surrey School District supported the blockade. The father argued that this ban violates the provincial BC Human Rights Code by disallowing a normally available service, only on the grounds of discrimination against religion. The School District was concerned that permitting the club may give the appearance that the school endorses a particular religious ideology. Mr. Jubenvill argued that there is a difference between endorsing a faith versus "accommodating" spiritual needs.

A complaint was filed with the BC Human Rights Tribunal; however, Mr. Jubenvill withdrew the complaint because he felt that the resulting media attention and the reaction it generated did not accurately represent his intentions.

He plans to meet with the school and the district in person.

Some secondary schools in School District 36 have, or have had, overtly Christian clubs (for example, LA Matheson has a prayer club titled "PUSH", Semiahmoo Secondary had a Crossroad Christian club in 2008 and earlier years, and Fraser Heights Secondary had a Bible Club in 2007).

Roof Collapse

Despite seismic upgrades, a 75-foot portion of the roof at Colebrook Elementary collapsed just days into the 2010 summer vacation.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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