Scinawa
Encyclopedia
Ścinawa ś is a town and municipality on the Oder
river in the Lower Silesia
n region of Poland
. The town features a number of historic monuments including city hall (19th century) and the town church (1209). The Ścinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such as Wrocław and Głogów. The current mayor of Ścinawa is Andrzej Holdenmajer. Presently, the town's population is 6,053. Between 1975 and 1998, Ścinawa was in Legnica Voivodeship
. It is now part of Lubin County
in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
, and is the seat of the municipality called Gmina Ścinawa
.
in a deed issued by Pope Innocent III
, which dates back to 1202. Town privileges
were first granted between 1248 and 1259 by Duke Konrad I of Głogów
. The town church of St John's was first constructed in 1209.
After the partition of the Duchy of Głogów by Konrad's sons in 1273, Ścinawa became the capital of a duchy in its own right under the rule of Konrad II the Hunchback
. It was again united with the Duchy of Głogów under Duke Henry III
in 1290. His son Jan
, sole ruler at Ścinawa from 1317, paid homage to King John the Blind in 1329, after which his duchy became a fiefdom of Bohemia
. Though the Polish king Casimir III the Great had renounced his claims to Silesia with the 1335 Treaty of Trentschin, he campaigned Silesia and in 1343 laid fire to Ścinawa until in 1348 the conflict was finally settled by the Treaty of Namslau
. In 1358 Jan sold half of the Ścinawa to his cousin Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica
, the only ruler of the Silesian Piasts
who had refused to become a Bohemian vassal. Nevertheless upon Bolko's death in 1368, his half was annexed by Emperor Charles IV
.
As a part of the Bohemian kingdom the remaining half of the Ścinawa lands fell to Duke Henry V of Iron
at Żagań
in 1365 and in 1397 was acquired by Duke Konrad II the Gray
of Oleśnica
. Under the rule of Duke Frederick II of Legnica
Ścinawa became part of the united duchies of Wołów and Brzeg
in 1528. With the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Ścinawa since 1526 belonged to the Habsburg Monarchy
. It was heavily devastated during the Thirty Years' War
, when in October 1633 Albrecht von Wallenstein
's troops nearby routed a Swedish
corps under Jindrich Matyas Thurn
.
Upon the death of the last Piast duke George William
in 1675, his lands fell to the House of Habsburg as reverted fiefs. With most of Silesia, Ścinawa was annexed by Prussia
in 1742 and became part of the German Empire
in 1871. Fiercely embattled between the Red Army
and the Wehrmacht
in the last days of World War II
, the town to a great extent laid in ruins after 1945. The German population of Ścinawa was expelled and replaced with Polish settlers, according to the Potsdam Conference
.
and basketball
.
Ryszard Komornicki, a former Poland
player and a former manager of FC Aarau
, was born in the town.
and only the second in all of Europe
. The building which cost over 3 million US dollars to remodel once served as a general hospital
as well as an orphanage
.
Oder
The Oder is a river in Central Europe. It rises in the Czech Republic and flows through western Poland, later forming of the border between Poland and Germany, part of the Oder-Neisse line...
river in the Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia
Lower Silesia ; is the northwestern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia; Upper Silesia is to the southeast.Throughout its history Lower Silesia has been under the control of the medieval Kingdom of Poland, the Kingdom of Bohemia and the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy from 1526...
n region of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. The town features a number of historic monuments including city hall (19th century) and the town church (1209). The Ścinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such as Wrocław and Głogów. The current mayor of Ścinawa is Andrzej Holdenmajer. Presently, the town's population is 6,053. Between 1975 and 1998, Ścinawa was in Legnica Voivodeship
Legnica Voivodeship
Legnica Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Its capital city was Legnica.-Major cities and towns :* Legnica...
. It is now part of Lubin County
Lubin County
Lubin County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, south-western Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. The county covers an area of...
in Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship
Lower Silesian Voivodeship, or Lower Silesia Province , is one of the 16 voivodeships into which Poland is currently divided. It lies in southwestern Poland...
, and is the seat of the municipality called Gmina Ścinawa
Gmina Scinawa
Gmina Ścinawa is an urban-rural gmina in Lubin County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Its seat is the town of Ścinawa, which lies approximately east of Lubin, and north-west of the regional capital Wrocław....
.
History
Ścinawa (as Stinau) was first documented as a possession of the newly established Trzebnica AbbeySanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica
Sanctuary of St. Jadwiga in Trzebnica is a convent for Cistercian nuns, situated in Trzebnica north of Wrocław, in Silesia, Poland, founded in 1203. After few decades of abandonment in the 19th century, it is an abbey of the Sisters of Mercy of St...
in a deed issued by Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni....
, which dates back to 1202. Town privileges
Town privileges
Town privileges or city rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium.Judicially, a town was distinguished from the surrounding land by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges were related to trading...
were first granted between 1248 and 1259 by Duke Konrad I of Głogów
Konrad I, Duke of Silesia-Glogau
Konrad I of Głogów was Duke of Głogów from 1251 until his death.He was the fourth son of Henry II the Pious, Duke of Wroclaw, by his wife Anna, daughter of King Ottokar I of Bohemia.-Life:...
. The town church of St John's was first constructed in 1209.
After the partition of the Duchy of Głogów by Konrad's sons in 1273, Ścinawa became the capital of a duchy in its own right under the rule of Konrad II the Hunchback
Konrad II the Hunchback
Konrad II the Hunchback was Duke of Ścinawa from 1278 to 1284 and Duke of Żagań from 1284 until his death.He was the second son of Konrad I, Duke of Głogów by his first wife Salome, daughter of Duke Władysław of Greater Poland...
. It was again united with the Duchy of Głogów under Duke Henry III
Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau
Henry III of Głogów was a Duke of Głogów from 1274 to his death and also Duke of parts of Greater Poland during 1306–1309....
in 1290. His son Jan
Jan of Scinawa
John was a Duke of Żagań, Ścinawa, etc. during 1309-1317 , Duke of Poznań during 1312-1314 and sole Duke of Ścinawa since....
, sole ruler at Ścinawa from 1317, paid homage to King John the Blind in 1329, after which his duchy became a fiefdom of Bohemia
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...
. Though the Polish king Casimir III the Great had renounced his claims to Silesia with the 1335 Treaty of Trentschin, he campaigned Silesia and in 1343 laid fire to Ścinawa until in 1348 the conflict was finally settled by the Treaty of Namslau
Treaty of Namslau
The Treaty of Namslau or Namysłów, also known as the Peace of Namslau, was a peace treaty between King Charles IV of Bohemia and King Casimir III of Poland...
. In 1358 Jan sold half of the Ścinawa to his cousin Duke Bolko II the Small of Świdnica
Swidnica
Świdnica is a city in south-western Poland in the region of Silesia. It has a population of 60,317 according to 2006 figures. It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, being the seventh largest town in that voivodeship. From 1975–98 it was in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship...
, the only ruler of the Silesian Piasts
Silesian Piasts
The Silesian Piasts were the oldest line of the Piast dynasty beginning with Władysław II the Exile, son of Bolesław III Wrymouth, Duke of Poland...
who had refused to become a Bohemian vassal. Nevertheless upon Bolko's death in 1368, his half was annexed by Emperor Charles IV
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor....
.
As a part of the Bohemian kingdom the remaining half of the Ścinawa lands fell to Duke Henry V of Iron
Henry V of Iron
Henry V of Iron , was a Duke of Żagań since 1342, from 1349 Duke of half-Głogów, and from 1363 Duke of half-Ścinawa.He was the only son of Henry IV the Faithful, Duke of Żagań, by his wife Matilda, daughter of Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.-Life:The young Henry V gained his political...
at Żagań
Zagan
Zagan may refer to:*Zagan - a demon in the Ars Goetia*Żagań - a town in west Poland...
in 1365 and in 1397 was acquired by Duke Konrad II the Gray
Konrad II the Gray
Konrad II the Gray was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle and half of Bytom since 1366 and Duke of half of Ścinawa since 1397 until his death....
of Oleśnica
Duchy of Oels
The Duchy of Oels or Duchy of Oleśnica was one of the duchies of Silesia, with the capital in Oleśnica, Poland.Initially part of the Piast Duchy of Wrocław, the Oleśnica area became part of the Duchy of Głogów in 1294, following an armed conflict between Duke Henry III and Henry V the Fat, Duke of...
. Under the rule of Duke Frederick II of Legnica
Frederick II of Legnica
Frederick II of Legnica , also known as the Great of Legnica , was a Duke of Legnica from 1488 , of Brzeg from 1521...
Ścinawa became part of the united duchies of Wołów and Brzeg
Duchy of Brzeg
The Duchy of Brzeg or Duchy of Brieg , was one of the Duchies of Silesia. Its capital was Brzeg.It was created in 1311 during the fragmentation of the Duchy of Legnica among the sons of Duke Henry V and ruled by Bolesław III the Generous of the Silesian Piasts, who declared himself a vassal of...
in 1528. With the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, Ścinawa since 1526 belonged to the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
. It was heavily devastated during the Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
, when in October 1633 Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein , actually von Waldstein, was a Bohemian soldier and politician, who offered his services, and an army of 30,000 to 100,000 men during the Danish period of the Thirty Years' War , to the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II...
's troops nearby routed a Swedish
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden between 1561 and 1721 . During this time, Sweden was one of the great European powers. In Swedish, the period is called Stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power Era"...
corps under Jindrich Matyas Thurn
Jindrich Matyas Thurn
Jindřich Matyáš Thurn-Valsassina , was a leading Bohemian nobleman, one of leaders against Ferdinand II of Bohemia and in events that led to the Thirty Years War, and in the end a...
.
Upon the death of the last Piast duke George William
George William, Duke of Liegnitz
George William of Legnica was the last Duke of Legnica and Brieg since 1672 until his death.He was the eldest but only surviving son of Christian, Duke of Legnica-Brzeg-Wołów-Oława by his wife Louise, daughter of John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau.-Life:Duke Christian, who spent many years in...
in 1675, his lands fell to the House of Habsburg as reverted fiefs. With most of Silesia, Ścinawa was annexed by Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
in 1742 and became part of the German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
in 1871. Fiercely embattled between the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
and the Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
in the last days of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the town to a great extent laid in ruins after 1945. The German population of Ścinawa was expelled and replaced with Polish settlers, according to the Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 16 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States...
.
Sports
The town's soccer team, Odra Ścinawa was established in 1946. Ścinawa also has a karate club named "GOR-RYU" which has been very successful in regional, national and international competitions. In addition, each year Ścinawa holds swimming championships at the local pool. There is also a fishing club and a chess club in Ścinawa. Apart from organized sports, locals enjoy playing soccer, volleyballVolleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.The complete rules are extensive...
and basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
.
Ryszard Komornicki, a former Poland
Poland national football team
The Poland national football team represents Poland in association football and is controlled by the Polish Football Association, the governing body for football in Poland...
player and a former manager of FC Aarau
FC Aarau
FC Aarau is a Swiss football club, based in Aarau. They play in the Swiss Challenge League.-History:FC Aarau was formed on 26 May 1902 by workers from a local brewery. The early days of the club were a success and they won the Swiss championship in 1911/12 and then again in 1913/14...
, was born in the town.
Education
Ścinawa's educational institutions include an elementary school and a junior high school. The town is also home to a local day care.Alzheimer's Treatment Center
In 2007, the Wrocław Medical Academy established an Alzheimer's Treatment Center in Scinawa. The facility is the first of its kind in PolandPoland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and only the second in all of Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. The building which cost over 3 million US dollars to remodel once served as a general hospital
Hospital
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment by specialized staff and equipment. Hospitals often, but not always, provide for inpatient care or longer-term patient stays....
as well as an orphanage
Orphanage
An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans – children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to care for them...
.
External links
- http://www.scinawa.com.pl Official Website Of Town and Municipality
- http://www.scinawa.eu Online Service For Ścinawa And Surrounding Areas
- Map From mapa.szukacz.pl