Second Battle of Elephant Pass
Encyclopedia
The Second Battle of Elephant Pass (codenamed Operation Unceasing Waves III (ஓயாத அலைகள் மூன்று)http://www.tamileelam.info/freedom_struggle/viduthalai_puligal/mull_ofcl_ana.html by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
), was a battle fought in April 2000 for the control of the Sri Lankan military base in Elephant Pass
, Jaffna
.
In 1991, the Tamil Tigers (LTTE), made their first attempt to take the Elephant Pass base. The attack was a failure, and the Tigers suffered over 1,000 casualties. The Elephant Pass isthmus is of strategic importance as it links the northern mainland known as Wanni with the Jaffna Peninsula
. Both the Jaffna-Kandy road, the A-9 Highway, and the railway line to Jaffna run through Elephant Pass, the narrow strip of land was in a sense the gateway to Jaffna. Elephant Pass was thought to be an impregnable military complex. Before the battle the LTTE seized the southern defences around Elephant Pass and then severed the sea link to the base by capturing the area around Vettilaikerny, and cut the main northern highway, threatening to completely isolate the base.
units stormed into the Iyakkachchi military base in the early hours of the morning in a multi-pronged assault and overran the well-fortified camp after several hours of intense fighting. LTTE rebels penetrated the central base, destroying several artillery pieces, tanks, armoured vehicles and ammunition dumps. With the fall of Yakachchi and the collapse of the command structure of its defending troops, LTTE combat units moved swiftly and stormed into Elephant Pass from different directions. By late evening, Army Command decided to evacuate all of its positions in Elephant Pass and ordered a new defensive line further to the North.
The LTTE captured: three long-range 152 mm artillery pieces, two 122 mm artillery pieces, twelve 120 mm heavy mortars, one 25 mm cannon, several 50 caliber machine guns, hundreds of rocket-propelled grenades and thousands of automatic rifles. The Tigers also captured several armoured vehicles, tanks, military trucks, bulldozers and high-tech communication systems. The battle of Elephant Pass will be remembered as the largest military débacle in the history of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces. In the end 204 soldiers and 150 rebels had been killed. Another 357 soldiers were wounded.
On 3 September 2000, the army mounted a massive counter-offensive named Agni Keila to try to retake some of the LTTE-held territory to the south of their defensive lines, but after advancing a few kilometres they met heavy resistance. The army was hampered by the presence of two narrow strips of land their forces had to advance through. The LTTE had registered all its artillery and mortars onto this area. Furthermore, its operatives had extensively booby-trapped the strips of land, thus rendering them extremely dangerous for armoured units. Although the army claimed that it managed to advance well into the LTTE lines, heavy casualties forced it to withdraw to its original positions.
In 2006, fighting was renewed for control of the Jaffna peninsula. Sri Lankan Army and Tamil Tiger Rebels fought pitched battles for control of the peninsula which left hundreds dead in a matter of months. In a major offensive launched by the Sri Lanka Armed Forces
, Elephant Pass was recaptured on 9 January 2009.
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam was a separatist militant organization formerly based in northern Sri Lanka. Founded in May 1976 by Vellupillai Prabhakaran, it waged a violent secessionist and nationalist campaign to create an independent state in the north and east of Sri Lanka for Tamil...
), was a battle fought in April 2000 for the control of the Sri Lankan military base in Elephant Pass
Elephant Pass
Elephant Pass, Northern Province, Sri Lanka is an important military base and formerly the island's largest salt field, located in the gateway of Jaffna Peninsula. It has thus regularly been the site of battles during the civil war....
, Jaffna
Jaffna
Jaffna is the capital city of the Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is the administrative headquarters of the Jaffna district located on a peninsula of the same name. Jaffna is approximately six miles away from Kandarodai which served as a famous emporium in the Jaffna peninsula from classical...
.
Background
See also First Battle of Elephant PassFirst Battle of Elephant Pass
The First Battle of Elephant Pass was a battle fought in July 1991 for the control of the Sri Lankan military base of Elephant Pass, which was of strategic importance as it linked the northern mainland known as Wanni with the Jaffna Peninsula.-The battle:...
In 1991, the Tamil Tigers (LTTE), made their first attempt to take the Elephant Pass base. The attack was a failure, and the Tigers suffered over 1,000 casualties. The Elephant Pass isthmus is of strategic importance as it links the northern mainland known as Wanni with the Jaffna Peninsula
Jaffna Peninsula
The Jaffna Peninsula is an area in Northern Province, Sri Lanka. It is home to the capital city of the province, Jaffna and comprises much of the former land mass of the ancient Tamil kingdoms of the Nagas and the medieval Jaffna kingdom. The peninsula is mostly surrounded by water, connected to...
. Both the Jaffna-Kandy road, the A-9 Highway, and the railway line to Jaffna run through Elephant Pass, the narrow strip of land was in a sense the gateway to Jaffna. Elephant Pass was thought to be an impregnable military complex. Before the battle the LTTE seized the southern defences around Elephant Pass and then severed the sea link to the base by capturing the area around Vettilaikerny, and cut the main northern highway, threatening to completely isolate the base.
The battle
On 22 April 2000, the LTTE attacked the twin complexes of Iyakachchi and Elephant Pass, pounding the government positions. The LTTE's veteran Black TigerLTTE Black Tiger
The Black Tigers were a wing of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam , a militant Sri Lankan separatist organization. They were specially selected and trained LTTE cadres whose missions included mounting suicide attacks against military and civilian targets...
units stormed into the Iyakkachchi military base in the early hours of the morning in a multi-pronged assault and overran the well-fortified camp after several hours of intense fighting. LTTE rebels penetrated the central base, destroying several artillery pieces, tanks, armoured vehicles and ammunition dumps. With the fall of Yakachchi and the collapse of the command structure of its defending troops, LTTE combat units moved swiftly and stormed into Elephant Pass from different directions. By late evening, Army Command decided to evacuate all of its positions in Elephant Pass and ordered a new defensive line further to the North.
The LTTE captured: three long-range 152 mm artillery pieces, two 122 mm artillery pieces, twelve 120 mm heavy mortars, one 25 mm cannon, several 50 caliber machine guns, hundreds of rocket-propelled grenades and thousands of automatic rifles. The Tigers also captured several armoured vehicles, tanks, military trucks, bulldozers and high-tech communication systems. The battle of Elephant Pass will be remembered as the largest military débacle in the history of the Sri Lankan Armed Forces. In the end 204 soldiers and 150 rebels had been killed. Another 357 soldiers were wounded.
Aftermath
The fighting continued until mid-May for control of the Jaffna peninsula and by 9 May, the deputy defence minister reported that 758 soldiers had been killed, 2,368 had been wounded and 349 were missing since the battle for Elephant Pass started 22 April. The LTTE pushed towards Jaffna. In the following large-scale battles along defence lines that offered little tactical leverage, the LTTE suffered heavy casualties at the hands of SL Forces that were well equipped with heavy artillery and air support. Despite gaining footholds in the areas of Chavekachechri and Ariyalai, the LTTE were forced to retreat to the Muhamalai and Nagarkovil defensive lines after suffering heavy losses from artillery and air strikes. Although the fall of Elephant Pass was seen as a great triumph, various setbacks highlighted the movement's weakness against conventional military forces in regular conflict.On 3 September 2000, the army mounted a massive counter-offensive named Agni Keila to try to retake some of the LTTE-held territory to the south of their defensive lines, but after advancing a few kilometres they met heavy resistance. The army was hampered by the presence of two narrow strips of land their forces had to advance through. The LTTE had registered all its artillery and mortars onto this area. Furthermore, its operatives had extensively booby-trapped the strips of land, thus rendering them extremely dangerous for armoured units. Although the army claimed that it managed to advance well into the LTTE lines, heavy casualties forced it to withdraw to its original positions.
In 2006, fighting was renewed for control of the Jaffna peninsula. Sri Lankan Army and Tamil Tiger Rebels fought pitched battles for control of the peninsula which left hundreds dead in a matter of months. In a major offensive launched by the Sri Lanka Armed Forces
Sri Lanka Armed Forces
The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy, the Sri Lanka Air Force which comes under preview of the Ministry of Defence...
, Elephant Pass was recaptured on 9 January 2009.
See also
- First Battle of Elephant PassFirst Battle of Elephant PassThe First Battle of Elephant Pass was a battle fought in July 1991 for the control of the Sri Lankan military base of Elephant Pass, which was of strategic importance as it linked the northern mainland known as Wanni with the Jaffna Peninsula.-The battle:...
- Operation Unceasing Waves I
- Operation Unceasing Waves II
- List of Sri Lankan Civil War battles
- Colonel Bhanu