Secretary of State for Canada
Encyclopedia
The position of Secretary of State for Canada was a Canadian Cabinet position with a corresponding department. It was established in 1867 as the official channel of communication between the Dominion of Canada and the Imperial government
in London
. As Canada became increasingly independent after World War I
and particularly with the passage of the Statute of Westminster
in 1931 this role fell into disuse.
The department was maintained, however, and was used to administer various aspects of government which did not have their own ministry. As well, the Secretary of State for Canada was Registrar-General responsible for the Great Seal of Canada
and various functions of state associated with it.
At various times the Secretary of State for Canada was responsible for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
, the civil service
, the Queen's Printer for Canada, administration of Crown land
s, governance of Canadian Indians (as they were called) as well as various ceremonial and state duties. Generally, any government role and responsibility which was not specifically assigned to a cabinet minister would be the de facto responsibility of the Secretary of State.
The department was eliminated in 1993 when the government was reorganized. The position of Secretary of State for Canada was not legally eliminated until 1996 when its remaining responsibilities were assigned to other cabinet positions and departments, particularly the newly created position of Minister of Canadian Heritage
.
The position of Secretary of State for Canada had no relation to that of Secretary of State for External Affairs
except for the period from 1909 until 1912 when the Secretary of State for Canada (Charles Murphy
under Sir Wilfrid Laurier
and William James Roche
under Sir Robert Borden
) was responsible for the newly created Department of External Affairs.
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height, it was the...
in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
. As Canada became increasingly independent after World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
and particularly with the passage of the Statute of Westminster
Statute of Westminster 1931
The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Passed on 11 December 1931, the Act established legislative equality for the self-governing dominions of the British Empire with the United Kingdom...
in 1931 this role fell into disuse.
The department was maintained, however, and was used to administer various aspects of government which did not have their own ministry. As well, the Secretary of State for Canada was Registrar-General responsible for the Great Seal of Canada
Great Seal of Canada
The Great Seal of Canada is a seal used for official purposes of state in Canada such as the certification of Acts of Parliament that have been granted Royal Assent....
and various functions of state associated with it.
At various times the Secretary of State for Canada was responsible for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police , literally ‘Royal Gendarmerie of Canada’; colloquially known as The Mounties, and internally as ‘The Force’) is the national police force of Canada, and one of the most recognized of its kind in the world. It is unique in the world as a national, federal,...
, the civil service
Civil service
The term civil service has two distinct meanings:* A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations....
, the Queen's Printer for Canada, administration of Crown land
Crown land
In Commonwealth realms, Crown land is an area belonging to the monarch , the equivalent of an entailed estate that passed with the monarchy and could not be alienated from it....
s, governance of Canadian Indians (as they were called) as well as various ceremonial and state duties. Generally, any government role and responsibility which was not specifically assigned to a cabinet minister would be the de facto responsibility of the Secretary of State.
The department was eliminated in 1993 when the government was reorganized. The position of Secretary of State for Canada was not legally eliminated until 1996 when its remaining responsibilities were assigned to other cabinet positions and departments, particularly the newly created position of Minister of Canadian Heritage
Minister of Canadian Heritage
The Minister of Canadian Heritage is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who heads the Department of Canadian Heritage, the federal government department responsible for Canada's Arts, Culture, Media, Communications network, and Sport....
.
The position of Secretary of State for Canada had no relation to that of Secretary of State for External Affairs
Secretary of State for External Affairs (Canada)
Canada's Secretary of State for External Affairs was, from 1909 to 1993, the member of the Cabinet of Canada responsible for overseeing the federal government's international relations and the former Department of External Affairs...
except for the period from 1909 until 1912 when the Secretary of State for Canada (Charles Murphy
Charles Murphy (Canadian politician)
Charles Murphy, PC was a Canadian politician and Liberal MP for Russell in the Canadian House of Commons from 1908 to 1925. He was appointed to the Canadian Senate in 1925....
under Sir Wilfrid Laurier
Wilfrid Laurier
Sir Wilfrid Laurier, GCMG, PC, KC, baptized Henri-Charles-Wilfrid Laurier was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911....
and William James Roche
William James Roche
William James Roche, PC was a Canadian politician and Conservative Member of Parliament for the Manitoba riding of Marquette in the Canadian House of Commons from 1896 to 1917....
under Sir Robert Borden
Robert Borden
Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office...
) was responsible for the newly created Department of External Affairs.
Secretaries of State
| # | Secretary of State | Prime Minister | Tenure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Hector Louis Langevin | Macdonald John A. Macdonald Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC , QC was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century... |
July 1, 1867 – December 7, 1869 |
| 2. | James Cox Aikins James Cox Aikins James Cox Aikins, PC was a prominent Canadian politician in the 19th century. He twice served as a cabinet minister in the government of Sir John A. Macdonald, and was the fourth Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba from 1882 to 1888.-Early life and career:Aikins was born in Toronto Township, Upper... |
Macdonald John A. Macdonald Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC , QC was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century... |
December 8, 1867 – November 5, 1873 |
| 3. | David Christie David Christie David Christie, was a Canadian politician.Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, he came to Canada with his family in 1833.... |
Mackenzie Alexander Mackenzie Alexander Mackenzie, PC , a building contractor and newspaper editor, was the second Prime Minister of Canada from November 7, 1873 to October 8, 1878.-Biography:... |
November 7, 1873 – January 8, 1874 |
| 4. | Richard William Scott Richard William Scott Sir Richard William Scott, PC, KC was a Canadian politician and cabinet minister.He was born in Prescott, Ontario in 1825. A lawyer by training, Scott was admitted to the bar in 1848 and established a practice in Bytown... |
Mackenzie Alexander Mackenzie Alexander Mackenzie, PC , a building contractor and newspaper editor, was the second Prime Minister of Canada from November 7, 1873 to October 8, 1878.-Biography:... |
January 9, 1874 – October 8, 1878 |
| 5. | James Cox Aikins James Cox Aikins James Cox Aikins, PC was a prominent Canadian politician in the 19th century. He twice served as a cabinet minister in the government of Sir John A. Macdonald, and was the fourth Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba from 1882 to 1888.-Early life and career:Aikins was born in Toronto Township, Upper... |
Macdonald John A. Macdonald Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC , QC was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century... |
October 19, 1878 – November 7, 1880 |
| 6. | John O'Connor John O'Connor (Canadian politician) John O'Connor, PC was a Canadian politician and cabinet minister.Born in Boston, Massachusetts, the son of Irish immigrants John and Mary O’Connor, he moved with his family to Essex County, Upper Canada in 1828.... |
Macdonald John A. Macdonald Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC , QC was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century... |
November 8, 1880 – May 19, 1881 |
| 7. | Joseph-Alfred Mousseau Joseph-Alfred Mousseau Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, PC , was a French Canadian politician.He was born in Sainte-Geneviève-de-Berthier, Lower Canada, the son of Louis Mousseau, the son of Alexis Mousseau, and Sophie Duteau, dit Grandpré... |
Macdonald John A. Macdonald Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC , QC was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century... |
May 20, 1881 – July 28, 1882 |
| 8. | Joseph Adolphe Chapleau | Macdonald John A. Macdonald Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, KCMG, PC, PC , QC was the first Prime Minister of Canada. The dominant figure of Canadian Confederation, his political career spanned almost half a century... |
July 29, 1882 – June 6, 1891 |
| Abbott | June 16, 1891 – January 24, 1892 | ||
| 9. | James Colebrooke Patterson James Colebrooke Patterson James Colebrooke Patterson , PC was a Canadian politician. He served as a federal cabinet minister from 1892 to 1895 and as the sixth Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba from 1895 to 1900.... |
Abbott | January 25, 1892 – November 24, 1892 |
| 10. | John Costigan John Costigan John Costigan was a Canadian judge and politician who served in the Canadian House of Commons and in the Cabinet of several Prime Ministers of Canada.... |
Thompson | December 5, 1892 – December 12, 1894 |
| 11. | Arthur Rupert Dickey Arthur Rupert Dickey Arthur Rupert Dickey, PC was a Canadian politician.Born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, the son of Robert Barry Dickey, he was a lawyer before being elected to the Canadian House of Commons in a 1888 by-election in the riding of Cumberland after Charles Tupper was named High Commissioner for Canada in... |
Bowell Mackenzie Bowell Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC, KCMG was a Canadian politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21, 1894 to April 27, 1896.-Early life:Bowell was born in Rickinghall, Suffolk, England to John Bowell and Elizabeth Marshall... |
December 21, 1894 – March 25, 1895 |
| 12. | Walter Humphries Montague Walter Humphries Montague Walter Humphries Montague, PC was a Canadian politician. He was a federal cabinet minister in the governments of Mackenzie Bowell and Charles Tupper, and subsequently a provincial cabinet minister in the Manitoba government of Rodmond Palen Roblin... |
Bowell Mackenzie Bowell Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC, KCMG was a Canadian politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21, 1894 to April 27, 1896.-Early life:Bowell was born in Rickinghall, Suffolk, England to John Bowell and Elizabeth Marshall... |
March 26, 1895 – December 20, 1895 |
| * | Joseph Aldéric Ouimet (acting) | Bowell Mackenzie Bowell Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC, KCMG was a Canadian politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21, 1894 to April 27, 1896.-Early life:Bowell was born in Rickinghall, Suffolk, England to John Bowell and Elizabeth Marshall... |
December 21, 1895 – January 5, 1896 |
| * | Thomas Mayne Daly Thomas Mayne Daly Thomas Mayne Daly, was a Canadian politician.Born in Stratford, Canada West , the son of Thomas Mayne Daly and Helen McLaren Daly, his father was a member of the Canadian House of Commons for the riding of Perth North.He was educated as a lawyer and was called to the Bar of Upper Canada in 1876... (acting) |
Bowell Mackenzie Bowell Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC, KCMG was a Canadian politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21, 1894 to April 27, 1896.-Early life:Bowell was born in Rickinghall, Suffolk, England to John Bowell and Elizabeth Marshall... |
January 6, 1896 – January 14, 1896 |
| 13. | Sir Charles Tupper Charles Tupper Sir Charles Tupper, 1st Baronet, GCMG, CB, PC was a Canadian father of Confederation: as the Premier of Nova Scotia from 1864 to 1867, he led Nova Scotia into Confederation. He later went on to serve as the sixth Prime Minister of Canada, sworn in to office on May 1, 1896, seven days after... |
Bowell Mackenzie Bowell Sir Mackenzie Bowell, PC, KCMG was a Canadian politician who served as the fifth Prime Minister of Canada from December 21, 1894 to April 27, 1896.-Early life:Bowell was born in Rickinghall, Suffolk, England to John Bowell and Elizabeth Marshall... |
January 15, 1896 – April 27, 1896 |
| as PM | May 1, 1896 – July 8, 1896 | ||
| 14. | Richard William Scott Richard William Scott Sir Richard William Scott, PC, KC was a Canadian politician and cabinet minister.He was born in Prescott, Ontario in 1825. A lawyer by training, Scott was admitted to the bar in 1848 and established a practice in Bytown... |
Laurier Wilfrid Laurier Sir Wilfrid Laurier, GCMG, PC, KC, baptized Henri-Charles-Wilfrid Laurier was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911.... |
July 13, 1896 – October 8, 1908 |
| 15. | Charles Murphy Charles Murphy (Canadian politician) Charles Murphy, PC was a Canadian politician and Liberal MP for Russell in the Canadian House of Commons from 1908 to 1925. He was appointed to the Canadian Senate in 1925.... |
Laurier Wilfrid Laurier Sir Wilfrid Laurier, GCMG, PC, KC, baptized Henri-Charles-Wilfrid Laurier was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911.... |
October 9, 1908 – October 6, 1911 |
| 16. | William James Roche William James Roche William James Roche, PC was a Canadian politician and Conservative Member of Parliament for the Manitoba riding of Marquette in the Canadian House of Commons from 1896 to 1917.... |
Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
October 10, 1911 – October 28, 1912 |
| 17. | Louis Coderre Louis Coderre Louis Coderre, was a Canadian politician.Born in St Ours, Canada East, he was a lawyer before being elected to the Canadian House of Commons in the Quebec riding of Hochelaga in the 1908 federal election. A Conservative, he was re-elected in 1911... |
Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
October 29, 1912 – October 5, 1915 |
| 18. | Pierre Édouard Blondin Pierre Édouard Blondin Pierre Édouard Blondin, PC was a Canadian politician.He was elected to the Canadian House of Commons representing the Quebec riding of Champlain in 1908 and 1911... |
Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
October 6, 1915 – January 7, 1917 |
| 19. | Esioff Léon Patenaude | Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
January 8, 1917 – June 12, 1917 |
| * | Albert Sévigny Albert Sévigny Albert Sévigny, PC was a Canadian politician.Sévigny opened a law practice in Quebec City in 1905. Two years later, he was a candidate for the Quebec Conservative Party in a provincial by-election, but was defeated. He was elected to the Canadian House of Commons in the 1911 federal election... (acting) |
Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
June 13, 1917 – August 24, 1917 |
| 20. | Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen, PC, QC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served two terms as the ninth Prime Minister of Canada: from July 10, 1920 to December 29, 1921; and from June 29 to September 25, 1926. He was the first Prime Minister born after Confederation, and the only one to represent a riding... |
Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
August 25, 1917 – October 12, 1917 |
| 21. | Martin Burrell Martin Burrell Martin Burrell, was a Canadian politician.Born in Faringdon, Berkshire , Burrell emigrated to Canada as a young man, where he eventually became a fruit grower on a farm about two miles east of Grand Forks, British Columbia... |
Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
October 12, 1917 – December 30, 1919 |
| 22. | Arthur Lewis Sifton Arthur Lewis Sifton Arthur Lewis Watkins Sifton, PC, KC was a Canadian politician who served as the second Premier of Alberta from 1910 until 1917 and as a minister in the Government of Canada thereafter. Born in Ontario, he grew up there and in Winnipeg, where he became a lawyer... |
Borden Robert Borden Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office... |
December 31, 1919 – July 10, 1920 |
| Meighen Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen, PC, QC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served two terms as the ninth Prime Minister of Canada: from July 10, 1920 to December 29, 1921; and from June 29 to September 25, 1926. He was the first Prime Minister born after Confederation, and the only one to represent a riding... |
July 10, 1920 – January 21, 1921 | ||
| 23. | Sir Henry Lumley Drayton Henry Lumley Drayton Sir Henry Lumley Drayton, PC was a Canadian lawyer and politician.Born in Kingston, Ontario, the son of Philip Henry Drayton, who came to Canada with the 16th Rifles of England, and Margaret S. Covernton, Drayton was educated in the schools of England and Canada. He was called to the Ontario Bar... |
Meighen Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen, PC, QC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served two terms as the ninth Prime Minister of Canada: from July 10, 1920 to December 29, 1921; and from June 29 to September 25, 1926. He was the first Prime Minister born after Confederation, and the only one to represent a riding... |
January 24, 1921 – September 20, 1921 |
| 24. | Rodolphe Monty Rodolphe Monty Rodolphe Monty, PC was a Canadian politician.Born in Montreal, Quebec, he was educated in law at Université Laval and McGill University. He was called to the Bar of Quebec in 1897 and was created a King's Counsel in 1909. In September 1921, he was appointed Secretary of State of Canada in the... |
Meighen Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen, PC, QC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served two terms as the ninth Prime Minister of Canada: from July 10, 1920 to December 29, 1921; and from June 29 to September 25, 1926. He was the first Prime Minister born after Confederation, and the only one to represent a riding... |
September 21, 1921 – December 29, 1921 |
| 25. | Arthur Bliss Copp Arthur Bliss Copp Arthur Bliss Copp, was a Canadian politician.Born in Jolicure, New Brunswick, to Joseph Harvey Copp and Frances Lydia Brennan. He was a lawyer before being elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in a 1901 by-election; he represented Westmorland County until 1912... |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
December 29, 1921 – September 24, 1921 |
| 26. | Walter Edward Foster Walter Edward Foster Walter Edward Foster, PC was a politician and businessman in New Brunswick, Canada.Foster was born in St. Martins, New Brunswick. He began work as a clerk with the Bank of New Brunswick at Saint John... |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
September 26, 1925 – November 12, 1925 |
| * | Charles Murphy Charles Murphy (Canadian politician) Charles Murphy, PC was a Canadian politician and Liberal MP for Russell in the Canadian House of Commons from 1908 to 1925. He was appointed to the Canadian Senate in 1925.... (acting) |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
November 13, 1925 – March 23, 1926 |
| * | Ernest Lapointe Ernest Lapointe Ernest Lapointe, PC was a Canadian lawyer and politician.-Education, early career:Lapointe earned his law degree from Laval University... (acting) |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
March 24, 1926 – June 28, 1926 |
| 27. | Guillaume André Fauteux | Meighen Arthur Meighen Arthur Meighen, PC, QC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served two terms as the ninth Prime Minister of Canada: from July 10, 1920 to December 29, 1921; and from June 29 to September 25, 1926. He was the first Prime Minister born after Confederation, and the only one to represent a riding... |
August 23, 1926 – September 25, 1926 |
| 28. | Fernand Rinfret Fernand Rinfret Louis Édouard Fernand Rinfret, PC was a Canadian politician.-Biography:He was elected to the Canadian House of Commons for the Montreal riding of St. James in a 1920 by-election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1921, 1925, 1930, and 1935... |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
September 25, 1926 – August 7, 1930 |
| 29. | Charles Hazlitt Cahan | Bennett | August 7, 1930 – October 23, 1935 |
| Fernand Rinfret Fernand Rinfret Louis Édouard Fernand Rinfret, PC was a Canadian politician.-Biography:He was elected to the Canadian House of Commons for the Montreal riding of St. James in a 1920 by-election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in 1921, 1925, 1930, and 1935... (second time) |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
October 23, 1935 – July 12, 1939 | |
| * | Ernest Lapointe Ernest Lapointe Ernest Lapointe, PC was a Canadian lawyer and politician.-Education, early career:Lapointe earned his law degree from Laval University... (acting – 2nd time) |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
July 26, 1939 – May 8, 1940 |
| 30. | Pierre-François Casgrain Pierre-François Casgrain Pierre-François Casgrain, PC was a Canadian politician and Speaker of the Canadian House of Commons from 1936 to 1940.... |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
May 9, 1940 – December 14, 1941 |
| 31. | Norman Alexander McLarty Norman Alexander McLarty Norman Alexander McLarty, PC was a Canadian politician.Born in St. Thomas, Ontario, he was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons representing the riding of Essex West in the 1935 federal election.... |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
December 15, 1941 – April 17, 1945 |
| 32. | Paul Joseph James Martin Paul Joseph James Martin Joseph James Guillaume Paul Martin, PC, CC, QC , often referred to as Paul Martin, Sr, was a noted Canadian politician. He was the father of Paul Martin , who served as Prime Minister of Canada from 2003 - 2006.-Early life:Martin was born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Lumina and Joseph... |
King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
April 18, 1945 – December 11, 1946 |
| 33. | Colin William George Gibson | King William Lyon Mackenzie King William Lyon Mackenzie King, PC, OM, CMG was the dominant Canadian political leader from the 1920s through the 1940s. He served as the tenth Prime Minister of Canada from December 29, 1921 to June 28, 1926; from September 25, 1926 to August 7, 1930; and from October 23, 1935 to November 15, 1948... |
December 12, 1946 – November 15, 1948 |
| St. Laurent Louis St. Laurent Louis Stephen St. Laurent, PC, CC, QC , was the 12th Prime Minister of Canada from 15 November 1948, to 21 June 1957.... |
November 15, 1948 – March 31, 1949 | ||
| 34. | Frederick Gordon Bradley Frederick Gordon Bradley Frederick Gordon Bradley, PC, QC was a Canadian and Dominion of Newfoundland politician.-Education and employment:... |
St. Laurent Louis St. Laurent Louis Stephen St. Laurent, PC, CC, QC , was the 12th Prime Minister of Canada from 15 November 1948, to 21 June 1957.... |
March 31, 1949 – June 11, 1953 |
| 35. | Jack Pickersgill | St. Laurent Louis St. Laurent Louis Stephen St. Laurent, PC, CC, QC , was the 12th Prime Minister of Canada from 15 November 1948, to 21 June 1957.... |
June 11, 1953 – June 30, 1954 |
| 36. | Roch Pinard Roch Pinard Roch Pinard, was a Canadian politician.Born in Nicolet, Quebec, he was a lawyer before being elected to the Canadian House of Commons in Quebec the riding of Chambly—Rouville in 1945 federal election. A Liberal, he was re-elected in the 1949 election and the 1953 election... |
St. Laurent Louis St. Laurent Louis Stephen St. Laurent, PC, CC, QC , was the 12th Prime Minister of Canada from 15 November 1948, to 21 June 1957.... |
July 1, 1954 – June 21, 1957 |
| 37. | Ellen Louks Fairclough | Diefenbaker | June 21, 1957 – May 11, 1958 |
| 38. | Henri Courtemanche Henri Courtemanche Henri Courtemanche, PC was a Canadian parliamentarian.Born in Mont-Laurier, Quebec, the son of Victor Courtemanche and Louise Massé, he was educated at the Académie de Mont-Laurier, the Séminaire de St. Joseph de Mont-Laurier, the Collège Saint-Laurent and the Université de Montréal... |
Diefenbaker | May 12, 1958 – June 19, 1960 |
| * | Léon Balcer Léon Balcer Léon Balcer, PC was a Canadian politician.He was born on October 13, 1917 in Trois-Rivières, Quebec and was a lawyer by profession.-Member of the House of Commons:... (acting minister) |
Diefenbaker | June 21, 1960 – October 10, 1960 |
| 39. | Noël Dorion Noël Dorion Noël Dorion, PC was a law professor, lawyer and Canadian politician.Dorion was called to the bar in 1927, and was the founding president of the Jeune Barreau de Québec in 1934. He was the crown attorney who prosecuted Wilbert Coffin in 1954... |
Diefenbaker | October 11, 1960 – July 5, 1962 |
| * | Léon Balcer Léon Balcer Léon Balcer, PC was a Canadian politician.He was born on October 13, 1917 in Trois-Rivières, Quebec and was a lawyer by profession.-Member of the House of Commons:... (acting minister – 2nd time) |
Diefenbaker | July 11, 1962 – August 8, 1962 |
| 40. | George Ernest Halpenny George Ernest Halpenny George Ernest Halpenny, PC was a Canadian politician.A chemist by training, Halpenny was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in the 1957 federal election that brought John Diefenbaker to power... |
Diefenbaker | August 9, 1962 – April 22, 1963 |
| Jack Pickersgill (second time) | Pearson | April 22, 1963 – February 2, 1964 | |
| 41. | Maurice Lamontagne Maurice Lamontagne Maurice Lamontagne, was a Canadian economist and politician.Born in Mont-Joli, Quebec, he graduated from Université Laval with a master's degree in social science and Harvard University with a master's in economics. He was a professor of economics at Université Laval... |
Pearson | February 2, 1964 – December 17, 1965 |
| 42. | Judy LaMarsh Judy LaMarsh Julia Verlyn LaMarsh, PC, OC, QC was a Canadian politician, lawyer, author and broadcaster. In 1963, she was only the second woman to ever serve as a federal Cabinet Minister... |
Pearson | December 17, 1965 – April 9, 1968 |
| * | John Joseph Connolly John Joseph Connolly John Joseph Connolly, PC, OBE, QC was a Canadian parliamentarian.Born in Ottawa, Ontario, he graduated from the University of Ottawa in 1927. He received a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Notre Dame. He studied law at Université de Montréal and was called to the Quebec bar and the... (acting minister) |
Pearson | April 10, 1968 – April 20, 1968 |
| 43. | Jean Marchand Jean Marchand Jean Marchand, PC, CC was a well known French Canadian public figure, trade unionist and politician in Quebec, Canada.... |
Trudeau Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,... |
April 20, 1968 – July 5, 1968 |
| 44. | Gérard Pelletier Gérard Pelletier Gérard Pelletier, PC, CC worked as a journalist for Le Devoir, a French-language newspaper in Montreal, Quebec. In 1961 he became editor-in-chief of the Montreal daily and North America's largest French circulating newspaper, La Presse... |
Trudeau Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,... |
July 5, 1968 – November 26, 1972 |
| 45. | James Hugh Faulkner | Trudeau Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,... |
November 27, 1972 – September 13, 1976 |
| 46. | John Roberts | Trudeau Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,... |
September 14, 1976 – June 3, 1979 |
| 47. | David MacDonald | Clark Joe Clark Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark, is a Canadian statesman, businessman, and university professor, and former journalist and politician... |
June 4, 1979 – March 2, 1980 |
| 48. | Francis Fox Francis Fox Francis Fox, PC, QC is a member of the Senate of Canada. He is a former Canadian Cabinet minister and is the former Principal Secretary in the Prime Minister's Office, and thus was a senior aide to Prime Minister Paul Martin. He also worked as a lobbyist in the 1980s.-Life and career:Born in... |
Trudeau Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,... |
March 3, 1980 – September 21, 1981 |
| 49. | Gerald Regan Gerald Regan Gerald Augustine Regan, PC is a Canadian politician, who served as the 19th Premier of Nova Scotia from 1970 to 1978.... |
Trudeau Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,... |
September 22, 1981 – October 5, 1982 |
| 50. | Serge Joyal Serge Joyal Serge Joyal, PC, OC, OQ is a Canadian Senator. A lawyer by profession, Joyal served as vice-president of the Quebec wing of the Liberal Party of Canada... |
Trudeau Pierre Trudeau Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau, , usually known as Pierre Trudeau or Pierre Elliott Trudeau, was the 15th Prime Minister of Canada from April 20, 1968 to June 4, 1979, and again from March 3, 1980 to June 30, 1984.Trudeau began his political career campaigning for socialist ideals,... |
October 6, 1982 – June 29, 1984 |
| Turner | June 30, 1984 – September 16, 1984 | ||
| 51. | Walter McLean Walter McLean Walter Franklin McLean, PC is a former Canadian politician.Born in Leamington, Ontario, he grew up in Victoria British Columbia, the son of James Walter Lewis McLean , a Presbyterian minister, and Frances D. Blair McLean. He studied at the University of British Columbia, and Toronto's Knox College... |
Mulroney Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S... |
September 17, 1984 – April 19, 1985 |
| 52. | Benoit Bouchard Benoît Bouchard Benoît Bouchard, PC is a Canadian public official and former politician.After a career as a professor and teacher, Bouchard was elected to the Canadian House of Commons as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Roberval in the 1984 election... |
Mulroney Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S... |
April 20, 1985 – June 29, 1986 |
| 53. | David Crombie | Mulroney Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S... |
June 30, 1986 – March 30, 1988 |
| 54. | Lucien Bouchard Lucien Bouchard Lucien Bouchard, is a Canadian lawyer, diplomat, politician and former Minister of the Environment of the Canadian Federal Government. He was the Leader of Opposition in the Canadian House of Commons from 1993 to 1996, and the 27th Premier of Quebec from January 29, 1996 to March 8, 2001... |
Mulroney Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S... |
March 31, 1988 – January 29, 1989 |
| 55. | Gerry Weiner Gerry Weiner Gerald "Gerry" Weiner, PC is a Canadian politician.A pharmacist educated at McGill University and the Université de Montréal, Weiner entered local politics and eventually became mayor of Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec... |
Mulroney Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S... |
January 30, 1989 – April 20, 1991 |
| 56. | Robert de Cotret Robert de Cotret Robert René de Cotret, PC was a Canadian politician.Robert de Cotret was an economist and corporate executive before being elected to the Canadian House of Commons in a 1978 by-election... |
Mulroney Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S... |
April 21, 1991 – January 3, 1993 |
| 57. | Monique Landry Monique Landry Monique Landry, PC is a former Canadian politician.A physiotherapist and administrator, she was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in the 1984 general election that brought the Progressive Conservative Party to power under the leadership of Brian Mulroney... |
Mulroney Brian Mulroney Martin Brian Mulroney, was the 18th Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. His tenure as Prime Minister was marked by the introduction of major economic reforms, such as the Canada-U.S... |
January 4, 1993 – June 24, 1993 |
| Campbell Kim Campbell Avril Phædra Douglas "Kim" Campbell, is a Canadian politician, lawyer, university professor, diplomat, and writer. She served as the 19th Prime Minister of Canada, serving from June 25, 1993, to November 4, 1993... |
June 24, 1993 – November 3, 1993 | ||
| 58. | Sergio Marchi Sergio Marchi Sergio Marchi, PC is a Canadian diplomat and former politician.Marchi was born in Argentina to an Italian family who subsequently emigrated to Canada... |
Chrétien Jean Chrétien Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien , known commonly as Jean Chrétien is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003.... |
November 4, 1993 – January 24, 1996 |
| 59. | Lucienne Robillard Lucienne Robillard Lucienne Robillard, PC is a Canadian politician and a member of the Liberal Party of Canada. She sat in the Canadian House of Commons as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Westmount—Ville-Marie in Montreal.... |
Chrétien Jean Chrétien Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien , known commonly as Jean Chrétien is a former Canadian politician who was the 20th Prime Minister of Canada. He served in the position for over ten years, from November 4, 1993 to December 12, 2003.... |
January 25, 1996 – July 12, 1996 |