Seweryn Goszczynski
Encyclopedia
Seweryn Goszczyński was a Polish
Romantic
prose writer and poet.
Goszczyński did not receive a thorough education because his parents were not well off. He studied with breaks in different schools, the Basilian
School in Humań
being the one where he stayed the longest period of time. At this school he made friends with Zaleski
and Grabowski
. In 1820 he moved to Warsaw
, where he joined the secret Union of Free Polish Brothers.
On hearing the news about the outbreak of the insurrection in Greece
, in August 1821, he walked to Ukraine in order to get to the fighting rebels via Odessa
. Due to a lack of funds, he stopped in Ukraine, where he remained till 1830, engaging in conspiratorial activities. He frequently changed his lodging as he was being sought by the police. During this period he wrote many patriotic poems, including Uczta zemsty.
In June 1830 he returned to Warsaw and joined Piotr Wysocki’s conspiracy. He took part in the attack on the Belvedere Palace in November 1830; then he fought (with the rank of captain) in General J. Dwernicki’s corps. He took part in the battles at Stoczk and Nowa Wieś. After the capitulation of Warsaw he crossed the Prussian border together with General Rybiński’s corps. The experiences connected with this fact found their outlet in the poem Wyjście z Polski.
Eventually, he settled in Galicia, but did not give up his social and political activity. The Union of Twenty One was created on his initiative in Lwów in 1832. Around 1835 he established the Polish People’s Society in Kraków
. He was the co-founder of the literary group Ziewonia. He hid under false names because the Austrian police were after him (a court in Warsaw had sentenced him by default to capital punishment). His stay at Podhale
resulted in his interest in the culture of this region and the introduction of the Tatras into Polish literature
.
In 1838 he emigrated to France. In Strasbourg he co-edited a satirical magazine "Pszonka", which was ideologically connected with the Polish Democratic Society. Here he met Mickiewicz and Słowacki. In 1842 he joined the Towiańczycy Circle. At that time he cut himself off from his previous political activities and gave up writing for many years. He remained faithful to the Circle till the end of his life. He was badly off, and almost died of starvation during The Paris Commune. In 1872 he came back to his home country thanks to his friends’ help. His countrymen enthusiastically welcomed him and he settled in Lwów. He died four years later, in 1876. He was buried in the Łyczaków Cemetery in Lwów.
Zamek kaniowski, which was published in Warsaw in 1828, belongs to a group of very important romantic novels of Polish Romanticism. Its theme is woven around events which were based on the Haydamack Insurrection in Ukraine in 1768. Goszczyński used Ukrainian folklore in a very innovative way in order to create a poetic world. In this work, the fate of the protagonists and the course of historical events are dependent on the interference of evil forces which take part in earthly history. Zamek kaniowski was translated into Czech
, French
, German
, Russian
and Italian
.
Polish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
Romantic
Romanticism
Romanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
prose writer and poet.
Goszczyński did not receive a thorough education because his parents were not well off. He studied with breaks in different schools, the Basilian
Basilian
Basilian may refer to one of the following.* Basilian monk of the Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic Churches* The Congregation of St. Basil, a Latin-rite order of priests of the Roman Catholic Church....
School in Humań
Human
Humans are the only living species in the Homo genus...
being the one where he stayed the longest period of time. At this school he made friends with Zaleski
Zaleski
-People:Zaleski is a Polish surname. At the beginning of the 1990s there were approximately 4322 people in Poland with this surname....
and Grabowski
Grabowski
Grabowski is a Polish surname of the following people;*Aleksandra Grabowska, a Polish born, British professional dancer*Andrzej Grabowski - Polish actor*Antoni Grabowski - Esperanto poet...
. In 1820 he moved to Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, where he joined the secret Union of Free Polish Brothers.
On hearing the news about the outbreak of the insurrection in Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, in August 1821, he walked to Ukraine in order to get to the fighting rebels via Odessa
Odessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
. Due to a lack of funds, he stopped in Ukraine, where he remained till 1830, engaging in conspiratorial activities. He frequently changed his lodging as he was being sought by the police. During this period he wrote many patriotic poems, including Uczta zemsty.
In June 1830 he returned to Warsaw and joined Piotr Wysocki’s conspiracy. He took part in the attack on the Belvedere Palace in November 1830; then he fought (with the rank of captain) in General J. Dwernicki’s corps. He took part in the battles at Stoczk and Nowa Wieś. After the capitulation of Warsaw he crossed the Prussian border together with General Rybiński’s corps. The experiences connected with this fact found their outlet in the poem Wyjście z Polski.
Eventually, he settled in Galicia, but did not give up his social and political activity. The Union of Twenty One was created on his initiative in Lwów in 1832. Around 1835 he established the Polish People’s Society in Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
. He was the co-founder of the literary group Ziewonia. He hid under false names because the Austrian police were after him (a court in Warsaw had sentenced him by default to capital punishment). His stay at Podhale
Podhale
The Podhale is Poland's most southern region, sometimes referred to as the "Polish highlands". The Podhale is located in the foothills of the Tatra range of the Carpathian mountains, and is characterized by a rich tradition of folklore that is much romanticized in the Polish patriotic imagination...
resulted in his interest in the culture of this region and the introduction of the Tatras into Polish literature
Polish literature
Polish literature is the literary tradition of Poland. Most Polish literature has been written in the Polish language, though other languages, used in Poland over the centuries, have also contributed to Polish literary traditions, including Yiddish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, German and...
.
In 1838 he emigrated to France. In Strasbourg he co-edited a satirical magazine "Pszonka", which was ideologically connected with the Polish Democratic Society. Here he met Mickiewicz and Słowacki. In 1842 he joined the Towiańczycy Circle. At that time he cut himself off from his previous political activities and gave up writing for many years. He remained faithful to the Circle till the end of his life. He was badly off, and almost died of starvation during The Paris Commune. In 1872 he came back to his home country thanks to his friends’ help. His countrymen enthusiastically welcomed him and he settled in Lwów. He died four years later, in 1876. He was buried in the Łyczaków Cemetery in Lwów.
Zamek kaniowski, which was published in Warsaw in 1828, belongs to a group of very important romantic novels of Polish Romanticism. Its theme is woven around events which were based on the Haydamack Insurrection in Ukraine in 1768. Goszczyński used Ukrainian folklore in a very innovative way in order to create a poetic world. In this work, the fate of the protagonists and the course of historical events are dependent on the interference of evil forces which take part in earthly history. Zamek kaniowski was translated into Czech
Czech language
Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers; it is the majority language in the Czech Republic and spoken by Czechs worldwide. The language was known as Bohemian in English until the late 19th century...
, French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
, German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
and Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
.