Shirley Horn
Encyclopedia
Shirley Valerie Horn was an American jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...

 singer and pianist
Pianist
A pianist is a musician who plays the piano. A professional pianist can perform solo pieces, play with an ensemble or orchestra, or accompany one or more singers, solo instrumentalists, or other performers.-Choice of genres:...

.

Biography

Encouraged by her grandmother, who was an amateur organist, Horn began piano lessons at the age of four. At twelve, Horn studied piano and composition at Howard University
Howard University
Howard University is a federally chartered, non-profit, private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university located in Washington, D.C., United States...

 and later majored from there in classical music. Horn was offered a place at the Juilliard School
Juilliard School
The Juilliard School, located at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City, United States, is a performing arts conservatory which was established in 1905...

, but her family could not afford to send her there. Horn formed her first Jazz piano trio when she was twenty. Horn's early piano influences were Errol Garner, Oscar Peterson
Oscar Peterson
Oscar Emmanuel Peterson was a Canadian jazz pianist and composer. He was called the "Maharaja of the keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by his friends. He released over 200 recordings, won seven Grammy Awards, and received other numerous awards and honours over the course of his career...

 and Ahmad Jamal
Ahmad Jamal
Ahmad Jamal is an innovative and influential American jazz pianist, composer, and educator. According to Stanley Crouch, Jamal is second in importance in the development of jazz after 1945 only to Charlie Parker...

, and moving away from her classical background, Horn later said that "Oscar Peterson became my Rachmaninov, and Ahmad Jamal became my Debussy."

Horn collaborated with many jazz greats including Miles Davis
Miles Davis
Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. Widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, Miles Davis was, with his musical groups, at the forefront of several major developments in jazz music, including bebop, cool jazz,...

, Dizzy Gillespie
Dizzy Gillespie
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer dubbed "the sound of surprise".Together with Charlie Parker, he was a major figure in the development of bebop and modern jazz...

, Toots Thielemans
Toots Thielemans
Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans , known as Toots Thielemans, is a Belgian jazz musician well known for his guitar and harmonica playing as well as his whistling. Thielemans is credited as one of the greatest harmonica players of the 20th century...

, Ron Carter
Ron Carter
Ron Carter is an American jazz double-bassist. His appearances on over 2,500 albums make him one of the most-recorded bassists in jazz history, along with Milt Hinton, Ray Brown and Leroy Vinnegar. Carter is also an acclaimed cellist who has recorded numerous times on that...

, Carmen McRae
Carmen McRae
Carmen Mercedes McRae was an American jazz singer, composer, pianist, and actress. Considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century, it was her behind-the-beat phrasing and her ironic interpretations of song lyrics that made her memorable...

, Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Marsalis
Wynton Learson Marsalis is a trumpeter, composer, bandleader, music educator, and Artistic Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center. Marsalis has promoted the appreciation of classical and jazz music often to young audiences...

 and others. She was most noted for her ability to accompany herself with nearly incomparable independence and ability on the piano while singing, something described by arranger Johnny Mandel
Johnny Mandel
Johnny Mandel is an American composer and arranger of popular songs, film music and jazz. Among the musicians he has worked with are Count Basie, Frank Sinatra, Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Barbra Streisand, and Shirley Horn.-Life:...

 as "like having two heads", and for her rich, lush voice, a smoky contralto, which was described by noted producer and arranger Quincy Jones
Quincy Jones
Quincy Delightt Jones, Jr. is an American record producer and musician. A conductor, musical arranger, film composer, television producer, and trumpeter. His career spans five decades in the entertainment industry and a record 79 Grammy Award nominations, 27 Grammys, including a Grammy Legend...

 as "like clothing, as she seduces you with her voice". Although she could swing as strongly as any straight-ahead jazz artist, Horn's reputation rode on her exquisite ballad work.

Shirley Horn began playing piano at an early age, and had thoughts as a teenager of becoming a classical artist. She was offered a scholarship to Juilliard, but turned it down for financial reasons. She then became enamored with the famous U Street
U Street Corridor
The U Street Corridor is a commercial and residential neighborhood in Northwest Washington, D.C with many shops, restaurants, nightclubs, art galleries, and music venues along a nine-block stretch of U Street. It extends from 9th Street on the east to 18th Street and Florida Avenue on the west...

 jazz area of Washington (largely destroyed in the 1968 riots), sneaking into jazz clubs before she was of legal age.

Horn first achieved fame in 1960, when Miles Davis "discovered" her. Davis' praise had particular resonance in two respects, one because he was so highly respected as a musician, and two because he rarely had anything positive to publicly offer about any musician at that time. Shirley had, though, recorded several songs with violinist Stuff Smith
Stuff Smith
Hezekiah Leroy Gordon Smith , better known as Stuff Smith, was a jazz violinist. He is known well for the song "If You're a Viper".-Biography:...

 in 1959 both as a pianist and a singer. After her discovery by Davis, she recorded albums on different small labels in the early 1960s, eventually landing contracts with larger labels Mercury Records
Mercury Records
Mercury Records is a record label operating as a standalone company in the UK and as part of the Island Def Jam Motown Music Group in the US; both are subsidiaries of Universal Music Group. There is also a Mercury Records in Australia, which is a local artist and repertoire division of Universal...

 and Impulse Records. She was popular with jazz critics, but did not achieve significant popular success.

Quincy Jones attempted to make Horn into a pure vocalist in several recording sessions, something he later hinted may have been a mistake. Horn was also disturbed by the changes in popular music in the 1960s following the arrival of The Beatles
The Beatles
The Beatles were an English rock band, active throughout the 1960s and one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed acts in the history of popular music. Formed in Liverpool, by 1962 the group consisted of John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison and Ringo Starr...

, and stated "I will not stoop to conquer" in largely rejecting efforts to remake her into a popular singer.
From the late-1960s, she concentrated on raising her daughter Rainy with her husband, Shepherd Deering (whom she had married in 1955) and largely limited her performances to her native Washington, D.C., while she often worked full-time as an office worker.

Horn was nominated for nine Grammy Award
Grammy Award
A Grammy Award — or Grammy — is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry...

s during her career, winning the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance
Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album
The Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album has been presented since 1977. Until 2001 this award was titled the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance...

 at the 41st Grammy Awards for I Remember Miles
I Remember Miles
I Remember Miles is a 1998 studio album by Shirley Horn, recorded in tribute to Miles Davis. Horn's performance on this album won her the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance at the 41st Grammy Awards.-Reception:...

, a tribute to her friend and mentor.

Preferring to perform in small settings, as with her trio, she recorded with orchestra too, as on the 1992 album Here's to Life
Here's to Life
Here's to Life is a 1992 studio album by Shirley Horn, arranged by Johnny Mandel. -Track listing:# "Here's to Life" – 5:37...

, which is highly rated by her fans, the title song (lyrics by Phyllis Molinary, music by Artie Butler) being generally considered as her signature song. Arranger Johnny Mandel
Johnny Mandel
Johnny Mandel is an American composer and arranger of popular songs, film music and jazz. Among the musicians he has worked with are Count Basie, Frank Sinatra, Peggy Lee, Anita O'Day, Barbra Streisand, and Shirley Horn.-Life:...

 won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) for that album. A video documentary of Horn's life and music was released at the same time as "Here's To Life" and shared its title. At the time, Mandel commented that Horn's piano skill was comparable to that of the noted jazz great Bill Evans
Bill Evans
William John Evans, known as Bill Evans was an American jazz pianist. His use of impressionist harmony, inventive interpretation of traditional jazz repertoire, and trademark rhythmically independent, "singing" melodic lines influenced a generation of pianists including: Chick Corea, Herbie...

. A follow-up was made in 2001, named You're My Thrill.

Shirley Horn kept for twenty five years the same rhythm section: Charles Ables (bass) and Steve Williams
Steve Williams (jazz drummer)
Stephen Edward Williams is an American jazz drummer.For twenty-five years he has collaborated with jazz pianist and singer Shirley Horn.-From Washington DC:...

 (drums). Don Heckman wrote in the Los Angeles Times
Los Angeles Times
The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the second-largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008 and the fourth most widely distributed newspaper in the country....

 (February 2, 1995) about "the importance of bassist Charles Ables and drummer Steve Williams
Steve Williams (jazz drummer)
Stephen Edward Williams is an American jazz drummer.For twenty-five years he has collaborated with jazz pianist and singer Shirley Horn.-From Washington DC:...

 to the Horn's sound. Working with boundless subtlety, following her every spontaneous twist and turn, they were the ideal accompanists for a performer who clearly will tolerate nothing less than perfection
".

She was officially recognized by the 109th US Congress for "her many achievements and contributions to the world of jazz and American culture", and performed at The White House for several U.S. presidents. Horn was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Berklee College of Music
Berklee College of Music
Berklee College of Music, located in Boston, Massachusetts, is the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world. Known primarily as a school for jazz, rock and popular music, it also offers college-level courses in a wide range of contemporary and historic styles, including hip...

 in 2002.

She was awarded the National Endowment for the Arts
NEA Jazz Masters
The National Endowment for the Arts , every year honors up to seven jazz musicians with Jazz Master Awards. The National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Fellowships are the highest honors that the United States bestows upon jazz musicians...

 Jazz Masters Award in 2005., (the highest honors that the United States bestows upon jazz musicians).

Due to health problems in the early 2000s, Horn had to cut back on her appearances. From 2002, a foot amputation (from complications of diabetes) forced her to leave the piano playing to pianist George Mesterhazy. In late 2004, Horn felt able to play piano again, and recorded a live album for Verve live at Manhattan's Au Bar with trumpet player Roy Hargrove
Roy Hargrove
Roy Anthony Hargrove is an American jazz trumpeter. He won worldwide notice after winning two Grammy Awards for differing types of music, in 1997, and in 2002...

, which did not satisfy her. It remains unreleased except for three tracks on But Beautiful - The Best of Shirley Horn.

She had been battling breast cancer
Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer originating from breast tissue, most commonly from the inner lining of milk ducts or the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers originating from ducts are known as ductal carcinomas; those originating from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas...

 and diabetes when she died from complications of a massive stroke
Stroke
A stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...

, aged 71. She is interred at Ft. Lincoln Cemetery in Washington, D.C.

Discography

  • 1960: Embers and Ashes
    Embers and Ashes
    Embers and Ashes is the debut studio album by Jazz vocalist and pianist Shirley Horn, released in 1959. -Track listing:# "Like Someone In Love" - 2:27# "He Never Mentioned Love" - 3:59...

  • 1961: Live at the Village Vanguard (live)
  • 1963: Loads of Love
    Loads of Love
    Loads of Love is a 1965 studio album by Shirley Horn, arranged by Jimmy Jones. -Reception:The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album three stars and said that "...Horn does not play piano at all, sticking exclusively to vocals, and she had less control over the interpretations than she...

    (Mercury
    Mercury Records
    Mercury Records is a record label operating as a standalone company in the UK and as part of the Island Def Jam Motown Music Group in the US; both are subsidiaries of Universal Music Group. There is also a Mercury Records in Australia, which is a local artist and repertoire division of Universal...

    )
  • 1963: Shirley Horn with Horns
    Shirley Horn with Horns
    Shirley Horn with Horns is a 1963 studio album by Shirley Horn, featuring arrangements by Quincy Jones, Billy Byers, Thad Jones and Don Sebesky...

    (Mercury)
  • 1965: Travelin' Light
    Travelin' Light (Shirley Horn album)
    -Reception:The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album four stars and said that "...a historic session...the main star throughout is Horn. Not all of the material is equally strong and none of the very concise dozen performances clocks in at even three minutes, so this is not an essential...

    (ABC-Paramount
    ABC Records
    ABC Records was an American record label, founded in New York City in 1955 as ABC-Paramount Records. It originated as the main popular music label operated the Am-Par Record Corporation, the music subsidiary of the American Broadcasting Company . ABC-Paramount Records' first president was Samuel H....

    )
  • 1973: Where Are You Going (Perception)
  • 1978: A Lazy Afternoon
  • 1981: All Night Long
    All Night Long (Shirley Horn album)
    All Night Long is a companion to the Violets for Your Furs album, both created live by the Shirley Horn Trio from the Northsea Jazz Festival in 1981. Released by Danish record label SteepleChase SCS 1157....

    (live)
  • 1981: Violets for Your Furs
    Violets for Your Furs (album)
    The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album four stars and said "This lesser-known set is up to the same level as Shirley Horn's best-selling Verve sets...

    (live)
  • 1984: Garden of the Blues (live)
  • 1987: All of Me
  • 1987: Softly
  • 1987: I Thought About You
    I Thought About You (album)
    I Thought About You is a 1987 live album by Shirley Horn, her first album for Verve Records. -Reception:The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album four and a half stars and said that "This live set...was Shirley Horn's "comeback" album after many years in which she purposely maintained a...

    (Verve
    Verve Records
    Verve Records is an American jazz record label now owned by Universal Music Group. It was founded by Norman Granz in 1956, absorbing the catalogues of his earlier labels, Clef Records and Norgran Records , and material which had been licensed to Mercury previously.-Jazz and folk origins:The Verve...

    , live)
  • 1989: Close Enough for Love
    Close Enough for Love (Shirley Horn album)
    Close Enough for Love is a 1989 studio album by Shirley Horn, her second album for Verve Records. -Reception:The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album four and a half stars and said that "Performing with her usual trio...and guest tenor Buck Hill on five of the 13 tracks, Horn is heard...

    (Verve)
  • 1991: You Won't Forget Me
    You Won't Forget Me
    You Won't Forget Me is a 1991 studio album by Shirley Horn.Miles Davis made his last appearance as a sideman on this album.-Track listing:# "The Music That Makes Me Dance" - 6:32...

    (Verve, with Miles Davis
    Miles Davis
    Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. Widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, Miles Davis was, with his musical groups, at the forefront of several major developments in jazz music, including bebop, cool jazz,...

    )
  • 1992: Here's to Life
    Here's to Life
    Here's to Life is a 1992 studio album by Shirley Horn, arranged by Johnny Mandel. -Track listing:# "Here's to Life" – 5:37...

    (Verve)
  • 1993: Light Out of Darkness (A Tribute to Ray Charles)
    Light Out of Darkness (A Tribute to Ray Charles)
    Light out of Darkness is a 1993 studio album by Shirley Horn, recorded in tribute to Ray Charles. -Reception:...

    (Verve)
  • 1994: I Love You, Paris
    I Love You, Paris
    I Love You, Paris is a 1992 live album by Shirley Horn, recorded at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris. -Reception:The Allmusic review by Richard S. Ginell awarded the album four stars and said that "...Horn is in peak form throughout this program, often sounding exquisite and using silence and...

    (Verve, live)
  • 1994: Live at the 1994 Monterey Jazz Festival (Verve, live, released 2008)
  • 1996: The Main Ingredient
    The Main Ingredient (Shirley Horn album)
    -Reception:The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album four stars and said that "This Shirley Horn CD is a little unusual, as it was recorded at her home. The four sessions utilized some of her favorite musicians...As usual, virtually all of the songs are taken at slow tempos, with "All or...

    (Verve)
  • 1997: Loving You (Verve)
  • 1998: I Remember Miles
    I Remember Miles
    I Remember Miles is a 1998 studio album by Shirley Horn, recorded in tribute to Miles Davis. Horn's performance on this album won her the Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Performance at the 41st Grammy Awards.-Reception:...

    (Verve)
  • 1999: Quiet Now: Come a Little Closer (compilation) (Verve)
  • 1999: Ultimate Shirley Horn (compilation) (Verve)
  • 2001: You're My Thrill
    You're My Thrill (Shirley Horn album)
    You're My Thrill is a 2001 studio album by Shirley Horn, arranged by Johnny Mandel. -Reception:The Allmusic review by Richard S. Ginell awarded the album four stars and said that "Mandel's orchestrations are paragons of subtlety, sometimes creeping almost imperceptibly like a slow moving fog upon...

    (Verve)
  • 2003: May the Music Never End
    May the Music Never End
    May the Music Never End is a 2003 studio album by Shirley Horn, it was Horn's last studio album. -Reception:The Allmusic review by Tim Sendra awarded the album four stars and said that "Horn's trademark sound is the sparse, languid torch song, with atmospheric piano chords and her gentle and...

    (Verve)


With Charlie Haden
Charlie Haden
Charles Edward Haden is an American jazz musician. He is a double bassist, probably best known for his long association with saxophonist Ornette Coleman...

  • The Art of the Song
    The Art of the Song
    The Art of the Song is an album by American jazz bassist Charlie Haden and Charlie Haden's Quartet West, released in 1999. It reached number ten on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart.Quartet West was formed in 1986...

    (1999)

With Antonio Carlos Jobim
Antônio Carlos Jobim
Antônio Carlos Brasileiro de Almeida Jobim , also known as Tom Jobim , was a Brazilian songwriter, composer, arranger, singer, and pianist/guitarist. He was a primary force behind the creation of the bossa nova style, and his songs have been performed by many singers and instrumentalists within...

  • Antonio Carlos Jobim and Friends (live, 1985)

With The Legacy Band
  • The Legacy Lives On, Vol. 1 (2000)

With Carmen McRae
Carmen McRae
Carmen Mercedes McRae was an American jazz singer, composer, pianist, and actress. Considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century, it was her behind-the-beat phrasing and her ironic interpretations of song lyrics that made her memorable...

  • Sarah: Dedicated to You
    Sarah: Dedicated to You
    Sarah: Dedicated to You is a 1991 studio album by Carmen McRae, with the Shirley Horn trio. Recorded in tribute to Sarah Vaughan, this was McRae's last recording.-Reception:...

    (1991)

With Oscar Peterson
Oscar Peterson
Oscar Emmanuel Peterson was a Canadian jazz pianist and composer. He was called the "Maharaja of the keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by his friends. He released over 200 recordings, won seven Grammy Awards, and received other numerous awards and honours over the course of his career...

  • A Tribute to Oscar Peterson – Live at the Town Hall (Telarc, live, 1996)

With Jeffery Smith
Jeffery Smith
Jeffery Smith is a baritone jazz vocal recording artist, perhaps best known for his albums on Verve, among them his distinctive debut release produced by Shirley Horn, and his self-produced records, including Down Here Below and A Little Sweeter, which was praised in a full page review in TIME as...

  • Ramona (Verve, 1995)

With Stuff Smith
Stuff Smith
Hezekiah Leroy Gordon Smith , better known as Stuff Smith, was a jazz violinist. He is known well for the song "If You're a Viper".-Biography:...

  • Cat on a Hot Fiddle
    Cat on a Hot Fiddle
    Cat on a Hot Fiddle is a 1960 studio album by Stuff Smith. This album featured the recording debut of Shirley Horn.- Track listing :# "Undecided" – 2:41# "The Man I Love" – 3:45...

    (Verve, 1959)

With Clark Terry
Clark Terry
Clark Terry is an American swing and bop trumpeter, a pioneer of the fluegelhorn in jazz, educator, NEA Jazz Masters inductee, and recipient of the 2010 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award...

  • Clark Terry Quintet: Live On QE2 (2001, live)

With Toots Thielemans
Toots Thielemans
Jean-Baptiste Frédéric Isidor, Baron Thielemans , known as Toots Thielemans, is a Belgian jazz musician well known for his guitar and harmonica playing as well as his whistling. Thielemans is credited as one of the greatest harmonica players of the 20th century...

  • For My Lady (1991)

With Joe Williams
Joe Williams (jazz singer)
Joe Williams was a well-known jazz vocalist, a baritone singing a mixture of blues, ballads, popular songs, and jazz standards.-Early life:...

  • In Good Company (Verve, 1989)

External links

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