Shitik
Encyclopedia
Shitik is a small broad-bottomed vessel
in which parts of the case have been sewed by belts or juniper and fur-tree rods (is named vinya ).
There are two basic explanations for the origins of the name of these boats:
Shitik was a keeled vessel, powered by sailing and rowing. It was used as a sea trade and transport ship
.
The ship has a rounded off bottom and therefore a considerable expansion of the case and disorder of boards.
This improved the ship's performance.
Shitik had one mast with a direct sail, oars and a hinged wheel.
The vessel has a canopy for protection of cargo against a rain, below deck there is a bunk room.
Underwater contours of a vessel allowed to move among ice
s: at compression it was squeezed out on a surface.
When docking the ship and stowing the anchor there was a "help" vessel which helped the crew with these tasks. osinovka boat.
It is considered that in 13th century Shitik was the most widespread transport vessel of coast-dwellers.
Building Shitiks were mainly done between the 11th–17th centuries.
Initially Shitiks were built on coast of the White sea
, Northern Dvina
, Sukhona, Vychegda, Vetluga
, Tikhvinka.
Later building of such courts has proceeded at development in Siberia
and the Far East
, while Shitiks quarter the Pacific Ocean
.
Shitiks has been an important find for the Siberian rivers.
Surplus of shallows and rifts has deprived its keel
, deficiency of nails has forced to improve technologies of sewing of boards
.
It was successfully maintained in a current of 18th–20th centuries, being gradually replaced with new classes of ship.
When handicraft ship builders had a possibility to use the aluminium, the new boat has found the niche.
It basically is used by hunters, fishermen, allows to reach in impassable taiga
places.
Manufacturing Shitiks is popular on the Lena River
in Siberia
, Russia
.
The boat form is kept, and are now made of aluminium sheet
.
Shitiks have pointed noses now instead of the sawed off tips.
The sailing drive
is not used anymore, and are powered by outboard motors.
Shitiks are appreciated possibility of overcoming of shoal, speed and relative capacity.
A boat problem is absence keel
and weak ship stability
.
Such boat does not transfer a wave, each movement of the passenger can end capsizing.
This combination involves hunters and fishers, who can move on the rivers in 30 centimetre (0.984251968503937 ft) – 40 centimetres (1.3 ft) depth.
Well-known Shitiks:On First Kamchatka expedition under command Vitus Bering
as an auxiliary vessel "Fоrtuna" boat-shitik was used (on other sources it was two-mast Galiot
)
Watercraft
A watercraft is a vessel or craft designed to move across or through water. The name is derived from the term "craft" which was used to describe all types of water going vessels...
in which parts of the case have been sewed by belts or juniper and fur-tree rods (is named vinya ).
There are two basic explanations for the origins of the name of these boats:
- The first speaks of an association of the name with a verb "to sew" and explains design features of a boat.
- The second variant associates it with the form of the boat similar to larva TrichopteraTrichopteraThe caddisflies are an order, Trichoptera, of insects with approximately 12,000 described species. Also called sedge-flies or rail-flies, they are small moth-like insects having two pairs of hairy membranous wings...
which also is called .
Sea Cargo Ship
Shitik was a keeled vessel, powered by sailing and rowing. It was used as a sea trade and transport ship
Cargo ship
A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship or vessel that carries cargo, goods, and materials from one port to another. Thousands of cargo carriers ply the world's seas and oceans each year; they handle the bulk of international trade...
.
The ship has a rounded off bottom and therefore a considerable expansion of the case and disorder of boards.
This improved the ship's performance.
| Length | 12 metres (39.4 ft) – 15 metres (49.2 ft) |
|---|---|
| Width | 3 metres (9.8 ft) – 4 metres (13.1 ft) |
| Draft | 0.18 metre (0.590551181102362 ft) |
| Hull height on midship | 0.8 metres (2.6 ft) |
| load-carrying capacity | 15 – 24 t |
Shitik had one mast with a direct sail, oars and a hinged wheel.
The vessel has a canopy for protection of cargo against a rain, below deck there is a bunk room.
Underwater contours of a vessel allowed to move among ice
Ice
Ice is water frozen into the solid state. Usually ice is the phase known as ice Ih, which is the most abundant of the varying solid phases on the Earth's surface. It can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions...
s: at compression it was squeezed out on a surface.
When docking the ship and stowing the anchor there was a "help" vessel which helped the crew with these tasks. osinovka boat.
It is considered that in 13th century Shitik was the most widespread transport vessel of coast-dwellers.
Building Shitiks were mainly done between the 11th–17th centuries.
Initially Shitiks were built on coast of the White sea
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
, Northern Dvina
Northern Dvina
The Northern Dvina is a river in Northern Russia flowing through the Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Along with the Pechora River to the east, it drains most of Northwest Russia into the Arctic Ocean...
, Sukhona, Vychegda, Vetluga
Vetluga River
Vetluga is a river in the Kirov Oblast, Kostroma Oblast, Mari El Republic and Nizhny Novgorod Oblast of Russia. It is a left tributary of Volga, confluence near Kozmodemyansk. The river is navigable....
, Tikhvinka.
Later building of such courts has proceeded at development in Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
and the Far East
Far East
The Far East is an English term mostly describing East Asia and Southeast Asia, with South Asia sometimes also included for economic and cultural reasons.The term came into use in European geopolitical discourse in the 19th century,...
, while Shitiks quarter the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
.
River boat
Shitiks has been an important find for the Siberian rivers.
Surplus of shallows and rifts has deprived its keel
Keel
In boats and ships, keel can refer to either of two parts: a structural element, or a hydrodynamic element. These parts overlap. As the laying down of the keel is the initial step in construction of a ship, in British and American shipbuilding traditions the construction is dated from this event...
, deficiency of nails has forced to improve technologies of sewing of boards
Lumber
Lumber or timber is wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural material for construction, or wood pulp for paper production....
.
It was successfully maintained in a current of 18th–20th centuries, being gradually replaced with new classes of ship.
When handicraft ship builders had a possibility to use the aluminium, the new boat has found the niche.
It basically is used by hunters, fishermen, allows to reach in impassable taiga
Taiga
Taiga , also known as the boreal forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests.Taiga is the world's largest terrestrial biome. In North America it covers most of inland Canada and Alaska as well as parts of the extreme northern continental United States and is known as the Northwoods...
places.
Manufacturing Shitiks is popular on the Lena River
Lena River
The Lena is the easternmost of the three great Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean . It is the 11th longest river in the world and has the 9th largest watershed...
in Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
.
The boat form is kept, and are now made of aluminium sheet
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
.
Shitiks have pointed noses now instead of the sawed off tips.
The sailing drive
Sail
A sail is any type of surface intended to move a vessel, vehicle or rotor by being placed in a wind—in essence a propulsion wing. Sails are used in sailing.-History of sails:...
is not used anymore, and are powered by outboard motors.
Shitiks are appreciated possibility of overcoming of shoal, speed and relative capacity.
A boat problem is absence keel
Keel
In boats and ships, keel can refer to either of two parts: a structural element, or a hydrodynamic element. These parts overlap. As the laying down of the keel is the initial step in construction of a ship, in British and American shipbuilding traditions the construction is dated from this event...
and weak ship stability
Ship stability
Ship stability is an area of naval architecture and ship design that deals with how a ship behaves at sea, both in still water and in waves. Stability calculations focus on the center of gravity and center of buoyancy of vessels and on how these interact....
.
Such boat does not transfer a wave, each movement of the passenger can end capsizing.
This combination involves hunters and fishers, who can move on the rivers in 30 centimetre (0.984251968503937 ft) – 40 centimetres (1.3 ft) depth.
Well-known Shitiks:On First Kamchatka expedition under command Vitus Bering
Vitus Bering
Vitus Jonassen Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering (also, less correNavy]], a captain-komandor known among the Russian sailors as Ivan Ivanovich. He is noted for being the first European to discover Alaska and its Aleutian Islands...
as an auxiliary vessel "Fоrtuna" boat-shitik was used (on other sources it was two-mast Galiot
Galiot
Galiots were types of ships from the Age of Sail.In the Mediterranean, galiots were a type of small galley, with one or two masts and about twenty oars, using both sails and oars for propulsion...
)