Silver(I) fluoride
Encyclopedia
Silver fluoride (AgF), also known as argentous fluoride and silver monofluoride, is a compound of silver
and fluorine
. It is a ginger-coloured solid, melting point 435 °C, which blackens on exposure to moist air. Unlike other silver halides such as silver chloride
it is soluble in water
to the extent of 1.8 kg/L, and it even has some solubility in acetonitrile
. AgF is made from silver(I) carbonate
and hydrofluoric acid
.
Silver(I) fluoride finds most application in organofluorine chemistry
for addition of fluoride
across multiple bonds. For example, AgF adds to perfluoroalkene
s in acetonitrile to give perfluoroalkylsilver(I) derivatives:
RFCF=CF2 + AgF → RFCF(CF3)Ag.
Silver
also forms a higher fluoride, silver(II) fluoride
.
Silver
Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...
and fluorine
Fluorine
Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. It is the lightest element of the halogen column of the periodic table and has a single stable isotope, fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic...
. It is a ginger-coloured solid, melting point 435 °C, which blackens on exposure to moist air. Unlike other silver halides such as silver chloride
Silver chloride
Silver chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl. This white crystalline solid is well known for its low solubility in water . Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver , which is signalled by greyish or purplish coloration to some samples...
it is soluble in water
Water
Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...
to the extent of 1.8 kg/L, and it even has some solubility in acetonitrile
Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile is the chemical compound with formula . This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture...
. AgF is made from silver(I) carbonate
Silver carbonate
Silver carbonate is the chemical compound with the formula Ag2CO3. Silver carbonate is yellow but typical samples are grayish due to the presence of elemental silver. It is poorly soluble in water, like most transition metal carbonates. Silver carbonate is used as a reagent in organic synthesis...
and hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid
Hydrofluoric acid is a solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a valued source of fluorine and is the precursor to numerous pharmaceuticals such as fluoxetine and diverse materials such as PTFE ....
.
Silver(I) fluoride finds most application in organofluorine chemistry
Organofluorine chemistry
Organofluorine chemistry describes the chemistry of organofluorine compounds, organic compounds that contain the carbon–fluorine bond. Organofluorine compounds find diverse applications ranging from oil- and water-repellents to pharmaceuticals, refrigerants and reagents in catalysis...
for addition of fluoride
Fluoride
Fluoride is the anion F−, the reduced form of fluorine when as an ion and when bonded to another element. Both organofluorine compounds and inorganic fluorine containing compounds are called fluorides. Fluoride, like other halides, is a monovalent ion . Its compounds often have properties that are...
across multiple bonds. For example, AgF adds to perfluoroalkene
Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated chemical compound containing at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond...
s in acetonitrile to give perfluoroalkylsilver(I) derivatives:
RFCF=CF2 + AgF → RFCF(CF3)Ag.
Silver
Silver
Silver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...
also forms a higher fluoride, silver(II) fluoride
Silver(II) fluoride
Silver fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula AgF2. It is a rare example of a silver compound. Silver is usually present in its +1 oxidation state. It is used as a fluorinating agent.-Preparation:...
.