Silver hexafluorophosphate
Encyclopedia
Silver hexafluorophosphate, sometimes referred to "silver PF-6," is an inorganic compound
with the formula AgPF6.
and organometallic chemistry
. It is commonly used to replace halide
ligands with the weakly coordinating
hexafluorophosphate
anion; the abstraction of the halide is driven by the precipitation of the appropriate silver halide
. Illustrative is the preparation of acetonitrile complexes from a metal bromide, a reaction that would typically be conducted in a solution of acetonitrile
:
AgPF6 can act as an oxidant, forming silver metal as a by-product. For example, in solution in dichloromethane, ferrocene
is oxidised to ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate:
(AgBF4) and the hexafluoroantimonate (AgSbF6) are similar to AgPF6.
is a traditional and less expensive halide abstraction reagent, as indicated by its widespread use in qualitative tests for halides. Relative to AgPF6, however, silver nitrate is poorly soluble in weakly basic solvents: the nitrate
anion is Lewis basic and presents an interfering ligand that precludes its use in stringent applications.
Inorganic compound
Inorganic compounds have traditionally been considered to be of inanimate, non-biological origin. In contrast, organic compounds have an explicit biological origin. However, over the past century, the classification of inorganic vs organic compounds has become less important to scientists,...
with the formula AgPF6.
Uses and reactions
Silver hexafluorophospate is a commonly encountered reagent in inorganicInorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds , which are the subjects of organic chemistry...
and organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of chemical compounds containing bonds between carbon and a metal. Since many compounds without such bonds are chemically similar, an alternative may be compounds containing metal-element bonds of a largely covalent character...
. It is commonly used to replace halide
Halide
A halide is a binary compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, or astatide compound. Many salts are halides...
ligands with the weakly coordinating
Non-coordinating anion
Anions that interact weakly with cations are termed non-coordinating anions, although a more accurate term is 'weakly coordinating anion'. Non-coordinating anions are useful in studying the reactivity of electrophilic cations. They are commonly found as counterions for cationic metal complexes...
hexafluorophosphate
Hexafluorophosphate
Hexafluorophosphate is an anion with chemical formula of . This octahedral species is isoelectronic with sulfur hexafluoride, SF6, and is valence isoelectronic with the highly stable superacid anion fluoroantimonate . As a non-coordinating anion, it is a poor nucleophile...
anion; the abstraction of the halide is driven by the precipitation of the appropriate silver halide
Silver halide
A silver halide is one of the compounds formed between silver and one of the halogens — silver bromide , chloride , iodide , and three forms of silver fluorides. As a group, they are often referred to as the silver halides, and are often given the pseudo-chemical notation AgX...
. Illustrative is the preparation of acetonitrile complexes from a metal bromide, a reaction that would typically be conducted in a solution of acetonitrile
Acetonitrile
Acetonitrile is the chemical compound with formula . This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile. It is produced mainly as a byproduct of acrylonitrile manufacture...
:
- AgPF6 + Re(CO)5Br + CH3CN → AgBr + [Re(CO)5(CH3CN)]PF6
AgPF6 can act as an oxidant, forming silver metal as a by-product. For example, in solution in dichloromethane, ferrocene
Ferrocene
Ferrocene is an organometallic compound with the formula Fe2. It is the prototypical metallocene, a type of organometallic chemical compound consisting of two cyclopentadienyl rings bound on opposite sides of a central metal atom. Such organometallic compounds are also known as sandwich compounds...
is oxidised to ferrocenium hexafluorophosphate:
- AgPF6 + Fe(C5H5)2 → Ag + [Fe(C5H5)2]PF6 (E = 0.65 V)
Related reagents
In terms of their properties and applications, silver tetrafluoroborateSilver tetrafluoroborate
Silver tetrafluoroborate sometimes referred to "silver BF-4" is an inorganic compound commonly encountered in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. Similar to silver hexafluorophosphate, it is commonly used to replace halide anions or ligands with the weakly coordinating tetrafluoroborate anions...
(AgBF4) and the hexafluoroantimonate (AgSbF6) are similar to AgPF6.
Comparison with silver nitrate
Silver nitrateSilver nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula . This compound is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides...
is a traditional and less expensive halide abstraction reagent, as indicated by its widespread use in qualitative tests for halides. Relative to AgPF6, however, silver nitrate is poorly soluble in weakly basic solvents: the nitrate
Nitrate
The nitrate ion is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula NO and a molecular mass of 62.0049 g/mol. It is the conjugate base of nitric acid, consisting of one central nitrogen atom surrounded by three identically-bonded oxygen atoms in a trigonal planar arrangement. The nitrate ion carries a...
anion is Lewis basic and presents an interfering ligand that precludes its use in stringent applications.