Sindh Sagar Doab
Encyclopedia
Doab
is a Persian
word, used for the area located between two river
s. The Sindh Sagar Doab is one of the five major doabs of the Punjab
. Punjab also got its name from the waters of five rivers flowing in its plains. The Sindh Sagar Doab includes the area between the Indus River
and the Jhelum River
, as such it forms the north western portion of the Punjab plains
. Major areas in this doab include the Kala Chitta Range, Margalla
and Murti Hills, Potohar, Salt Range
and the Thal
. Some of the major cities of this doab are Islamabad
, Rawalpindi
, Taxila
, Attock
, Chakwal
, Jhelum
, Pind Dadan Khan
, Talagang
, Mianwali
, Bhakkar
, Leiah (Layya), Kot Addu
, Muzaffargarh
, Khushab
and Quaidabad
. Main eastern tributaries of the Indus are River Haro which joins the Indus near Bagh Nilah below Attock. The other one is river Soan
, which joins the river Indus at Peer Piaee below Makhad
.
The area included in Sindh Sagar Doab is extremely rich in history
, culture
, archaeology
and various shades of society. Geographically also it includes different types of landscape
, flora
and fauna
. This website is basically meant to cover all these shades in due course of time.
Sindh Sagar Doab, according to Abul Fazl’s Aaeen-i-Akbari
As narrated by Abul Fazl
in Aaeen-i-Akbari, names to different doabs were given by the emperor Akbar the Great
. He named the area between the Sutlej and the Beas
as Bist Jalandhar, between the Beas and the Ravi
as Doaba Bari, between the Ravi and the Chenab
as Doaba Rachna, between the Chenab and the Behat (the river Jehlam) as Chenat and the area between the River Sindh and the Behat as Sindh Sagar Doab.
According to the distance between:
The Sutlej and the Beas was fifty kos,
The Beas and the Ravi seventeen kos,
The Ravi and the Chenab twenty kos,
The Ravi and the Behat twenty kos,
whereas the river Indus was at a distance of sixty eight kos from the Behat.
Doab
A Doab is a term used in India and Pakistan for a "tongue" or tract of land lying between two confluent rivers...
is a Persian
Persian language
Persian is an Iranian language within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European languages. It is primarily spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and countries which historically came under Persian influence...
word, used for the area located between two river
River
A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, a lake, a sea, or another river. In a few cases, a river simply flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water. Small rivers may also be called by several other names, including...
s. The Sindh Sagar Doab is one of the five major doabs of the Punjab
Punjab region
The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi...
. Punjab also got its name from the waters of five rivers flowing in its plains. The Sindh Sagar Doab includes the area between the Indus River
Indus River
The Indus River is a major river which flows through Pakistan. It also has courses through China and India.Originating in the Tibetan plateau of western China in the vicinity of Lake Mansarovar in Tibet Autonomous Region, the river runs a course through the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir and...
and the Jhelum River
Jhelum River
Jehlum River or Jhelum River , ) is a river that flows in India and Pakistan. It is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Jhelum District...
, as such it forms the north western portion of the Punjab plains
Punjab Plain
The Punjab Plain is an alluvial plain in the north-west of India. The plain includes the states of Punjab and Haryana and is around in area. The plain is extensively farmed for cereals and cotton....
. Major areas in this doab include the Kala Chitta Range, Margalla
Margalla Hills
The Margalla Hills—the foothills of the Himalayas—are a series of small-elevation hills located north of Islamabad, Pakistan. Margalla Range has an area of 12,605 hectares. The hill range nestles between an elevation of 685 meters at the western end and 1,604 meters on its east.- Etymology :Two...
and Murti Hills, Potohar, Salt Range
Salt Range
The Salt Range is a hill system in the Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt. The range extends from the Jhelum River to the Indus, across the northern portion of the Punjab province. The Salt Range contains the great mines of Mayo, Khewra, Warcha...
and the Thal
Thal Desert
The Thal desert is situated in Punjab, Pakistan. It is vast area mainly between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Pothohar Plateau. Its total length from north to south is 190 miles, and its maximum breadth is while minimum breadth is 20 miles. This region is divided into the districts of...
. Some of the major cities of this doab are Islamabad
Islamabad
Islamabad is the capital of Pakistan and the tenth largest city in the country. Located within the Islamabad Capital Territory , the population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.7 million in 2011...
, Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi , locally known as Pindi, is a city in the Pothohar region of Pakistan near Pakistan's capital city of Islamabad, in the province of Punjab. Rawalpindi is the fourth largest city in Pakistan after Karachi, Lahore and Faisalabad...
, Taxila
Taxila
Taxila is a Tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab province of Pakistan. It is an important archaeological site.Taxila is situated about northwest of Islamabad Capital Territory and Rawalpindi in Panjab; just off the Grand Trunk Road...
, Attock
Attock
Attock is a city located in the northern border of the Punjab province of Pakistan and the headquarters of Attock District...
, Chakwal
Chakwal
Chakwal is the capital of Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located 90 km south-east of the federal capital, Islamabad and is named after Chaudhry Chaku Khan, chief of the Mair Minhas tribe from Jammu, who founded it in 1525 CE during the era of the Mughal Emperor, Zaheerudun Babur...
, Jhelum
Jhelum
Jhelum or Jehlum may refer to:* Jhelum, a city in Pakistan on the banks of the Jhelum River* Jhelum District, an administrative division in Punjab, Pakistan surrounding the city of Jhelum...
, Pind Dadan Khan
Pind Dadan Khan
Pind Dadan Khan is a town in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan, it is the capital of Pind Dadan Khan Tehsil, which is an administrative subdivision of the district...
, Talagang
Talagang
Talagang, the headquarters of Talagang Tehsil, is a town located in Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. It is located at 32°55'0N 72°25'0E and lies about 30 kilometres from the M2 motorway and about 45 kilometres from the district capital, Chakwal....
, Mianwali
Mianwali
Mianwali is the capital city of Mianwali District and situated in the north-west of Punjab province, Pakistan. The city is located on the eastern bank of the Indus River...
, Bhakkar
Bhakkar
Bhakkar is the principal city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan. It lies on the left bank of the Indus river. It has a population of almost 300,000 and was given status of district in 1981.-Administration:...
, Leiah (Layya), Kot Addu
Kot Addu
Kot Adu is a city and Tehsil of Muzaffargarh District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city is subdivided into 28 Union Councils. It is located in the southern part of the Punjab province, and is a very historic city. It has a population of over 800 Thousand, making it the 150th largest...
, Muzaffargarh
Muzaffargarh
Muzaffargarh is a city in southwestern Punjab, Pakistan, located on the bank of the Chenab River. The Town of Muzaffargarh was founded in 1794 by the Governor of Mulran Nawab Muzaffar Khan.The Meaning of Muzaffargarh is "Fort of Muzaffar" because the old town lies inside the walls of a fort built...
, Khushab
Khushab
Khushab is a city of Khushab District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city serves as the headquarters of Khushab Tehsil an administrative subdivision of the district....
and Quaidabad
Quaidabad
Quaidabad is a city and union council of Khushab District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It has road links to agricultural area of Thal and with the Soon Valley. Quaidabad is a union Council and is a Tehsil of Khushab District now. It is part of National Assembly constituency NA-69 and...
. Main eastern tributaries of the Indus are River Haro which joins the Indus near Bagh Nilah below Attock. The other one is river Soan
Soan River
The Soan , Sawaan , Sawan or Sohan River is a river in Punjab, Pakistan.- Location and Geography :...
, which joins the river Indus at Peer Piaee below Makhad
Makhad
Makhad is a hilly historical town in Attock District in the Northern part of Punjab province, Pakistan. It is one of the last towns separating the Punjab from the rugged North-West Frontier Province...
.
The area included in Sindh Sagar Doab is extremely rich in history
History
History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...
, culture
Culture
Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
, archaeology
Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...
and various shades of society. Geographically also it includes different types of landscape
Landscape
Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land, including the physical elements of landforms such as mountains, hills, water bodies such as rivers, lakes, ponds and the sea, living elements of land cover including indigenous vegetation, human elements including different forms of...
, flora
Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...
and fauna
Fauna
Fauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...
. This website is basically meant to cover all these shades in due course of time.
Sindh Sagar Doab, according to Abul Fazl’s Aaeen-i-Akbari
As narrated by Abul Fazl
Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak
Shaikh Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami was the vizier of the great Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, and a Persian translation of the Bible...
in Aaeen-i-Akbari, names to different doabs were given by the emperor Akbar the Great
Akbar the Great
Akbar , also known as Shahanshah Akbar-e-Azam or Akbar the Great , was the third Mughal Emperor. He was of Timurid descent; the son of Emperor Humayun, and the grandson of the Mughal Emperor Zaheeruddin Muhammad Babur, the ruler who founded the Mughal dynasty in India...
. He named the area between the Sutlej and the Beas
Beas River
The Beas River is a river in the northern part of India. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows for some 470 km to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab....
as Bist Jalandhar, between the Beas and the Ravi
Ravi River
The Ravi is a trans-boundary river flowing through Northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of the six rivers of the Indus System in Punjab region ....
as Doaba Bari, between the Ravi and the Chenab
Chenab River
The Chenab River چنRiver' آب) is a major river of Jammu and Kashmir and the Punjab in Pakistan. It forms in the upper Himalayas in the Lahaul and Spiti district of Himachal Pradesh, India, and flows through the Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir into the plains of the Punjab, Pakistan...
as Doaba Rachna, between the Chenab and the Behat (the river Jehlam) as Chenat and the area between the River Sindh and the Behat as Sindh Sagar Doab.
According to the distance between:
The Sutlej and the Beas was fifty kos,
The Beas and the Ravi seventeen kos,
The Ravi and the Chenab twenty kos,
The Ravi and the Behat twenty kos,
whereas the river Indus was at a distance of sixty eight kos from the Behat.