Singer Model 27 and 127
Encyclopedia
| type | home |
| manufacturer | Singer Manufacturing Company |
| material | fabric |
| stitch | lockstitch Lockstitch A lockstitch is the most common mechanical stitch made by a sewing machine. The term "single needle stitching", often found on dress shirt labels, refers to lockstitch.-Structure:... |
| power | treadle, handcrank, add-on electric |
| feed | drop Feed dogs Feed dogs are the critical component of a "drop feed" sewing machine. A set of feed dogs typically resembles two or three short, thin metal bars, crosscut with diagonal teeth, which move back and forth in slots in a sewing machine's needle plate... |
| needle(s) | one 15x1 |
Lockstitch
A lockstitch is the most common mechanical stitch made by a sewing machine. The term "single needle stitching", often found on dress shirt labels, refers to lockstitch.-Structure:...
sewing machine
Sewing machine
A sewing machine is a textile machine used to stitch fabric, cards and other material together with thread. Sewing machines were invented during the first Industrial Revolution to decrease the amount of manual sewing work performed in clothing companies...
s produced by the Singer Manufacturing Company around the end of the 19th century. They were Singer's first sewing machines to make use of "vibrating shuttle
Vibrating shuttle
A vibrating shuttle is a bobbin driver design used in home lockstitch sewing machines during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century...
" technology. Millions were produced. They are all steel and were built before the advent of planned obsolescence
Planned obsolescence
Planned obsolescence or built-in obsolescence in industrial design is a policy of deliberately planning or designing a product with a limited useful life, so it will become obsolete or nonfunctional after a certain period of time...
, and so they were designed to be repaired rather than replaced. Consequently many are still extant today, some in collections and others still in service. In company literature they were called "the woman's faithful friend the world over".
Identifying characteristics
The many Vintage Singer sewing machine models look very similar. All machines in the 27 series (VS-1, VS-2, VS-3, 27, 28, 127, and 128) have the following distinguishing characteristics that can be used to differentiate them from other Singer machines:- Split slide plates running the entire depth of bed
- Flat face plate, most are ornamented with grapevineGrapevineGrapevine is the common name for plants of the genus Vitis. Other meanings include:*Grapevine , a term often used to describe a form of communication by means of gossip or rumor, as in "heard it through the grapevine"...
s but very early examples have a plain shiny finish.
Within the 27 series are seen the following differences between versions:
| Characteristic | VS-1 | VS-2 | 27 | VS-3 | 28 | 127 | 128 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trapezoidal access door on head | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Location of stitch length control | bed | pillar | pillar | pillar | pillar | pillar | pillar |
| Bed shape | rectangle | fiddle | rectangle | rectangle | rectangle | rectangle | rectangle |
| Bed width (inches) | 14-5/8 | 14-5/8 | 14-5/8 | 12-5/32 | 12-5/32 | 14-5/8 | 12-5/32 |
| Bed depth (inches) | 7 | 7 | 7 | 6-9/16 | 6-9/16 | 7 | 6-9/16 |
| Space between needle and pillar | 8 | 8 | 8 | 6-1/2 | 6-1/2 | 8 | 6-1/2 |
| Bobbin winder location | low | low | low* | low | low* | high | high |
| Shuttle ejector button | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes |
*A few older machines have moved their bobbin winders to the high position, but they will still have a mounting lug for it in the original lower position.
Vibrating shuttle
The 27 series was Singer's first use of a vibrating shuttle as a bobbin driver, instead of the transverse shuttle design used in the older 'New FamilySinger New Family
The Singer 'New Family' Sewing Machine was a transverse shuttle sewing machine produced by the Singer Manufacturing Company during the middle of the 19th century. It established Singer's reputation as a manufacturer of reliable "low arm" sewing machines....
' machine.
History
The design of the model 27 series began with Allen B. WilsonAllen B. Wilson
Allen Benjamin Wilson was an American inventor famous for designing, building and patenting some of the first successful sewing machines. He invented both the vibrating and the rotating shuttle designs which, in turns, dominated all home lockstitch sewing machines...
, who invented the vibrating shuttle
Vibrating shuttle
A vibrating shuttle is a bobbin driver design used in home lockstitch sewing machines during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century...
in 1850 and sold machines built around it. Two decades later, when the patents had expired and the Sewing Machine Combination
Sewing Machine Combination
The Sewing Machine Combination was the first patent pool in US history. It was formed by the "Albany Agreement" of 24 October 1856 and lasted until its last patent expired in 1877...
patent pool
Patent pool
In patent law, a patent pool is a consortium of at least two companies agreeing to cross-license patents relating to a particular technology. The creation of a patent pool can save patentees and licensees time and money, and, in case of blocking patents, it may also be the only reasonable method...
had dispersed, White Sewing Machine Company
White Sewing Machine Company
White Sewing Machine Company was a sewing machine company founded in 1858 in Templeton, Massachusetts by Thomas H. White and based in Cleveland, Ohio since 1866. Founded as the White Manufacturing Company it took the White Sewing Machine Company name when it was incorporated in 1876.The company...
employees D'Arcy Porter and George W. Baker built a new machine that made successful use of it. The "White Sewing Machine
White Sewing Machine
The White Sewing Machine was the first sewing machine from the White Sewing Machine Company. It used a vibrating shuttle bobbin driver design; for that reason, and to differentiate it from the later White models that used a rotary hook design instead, it came to be known as the "White Vibrating...
", as it was first named, entered production in 1876. It was popular in its time, and some of them are still extant.
In the decade that followed, another gentleman applied his mind to advancing the state of the art. Scottish immigrant Robert Whitehill (1 June 1845 – 24 November 1903), founder of the Whitehill Manufacturing Company, became interested in sewing machines and subsequently patented an improvement to the take-up arm. He proceeded to manufacture his own machines from about 1875 until 1883. He then designed the sewing machine which would shortly became Singer's answer to the White machine. He applied for patent on 1 July 1884 and received US patent 326821 on 22 September 1885.
In his design Whitehill retained the White machine's dimensions and most aspects of its exterior; his contribution mainly consists of the new interior. That is, he rethought the entire powertrain -- the mechanism that carries energy from the handwheel to the needlebar, to the bobbin driver, and to the feed dogs. He also conceived the bullet-shaped shuttle, which the White machine promptly adopted over its more traditional boat shuttle.
He took his prototype to the Singer head office and showed it to the office manager James Bolton (1832–1916). Bolton was thrilled with the machine and suggested a sewing competition against the best Singer models on-hand at the factory. Whitehill's prototype prevailed, and he sold the rights to it for USD 8,000 (USD 212,000 adjusted), with USD 1,000 held in reserve until he had perfected it for them.
At the time, Singer was already selling two "high arm" models (one a chain stitch
Chain stitch
Chain stitch is a sewing and embroidery technique in which a series of looped stitches form a chain-like pattern. Chain stitch is an ancient craft - examples of surviving Chinese chain stitch embroidery worked in silk thread have been dated to the Warring States period...
er, the other an oscillating shuttle) which represented a new break from the company's established history of "low arm" machines. The Whitehill design became the third Singer machine with a high arm, and quickly eclipsed the other two -- neither of which Bolton liked anyway. The Whitehill machine took the name "Vibrating Shuttle 1" when, two years later, it evolved into the improved "Vibrating Shuttle 2".
Within a couple of years Scientific American
Scientific American
Scientific American is a popular science magazine. It is notable for its long history of presenting science monthly to an educated but not necessarily scientific public, through its careful attention to the clarity of its text as well as the quality of its specially commissioned color graphics...
took notice, and printed the following praise for Whitehill's design, especially for its powertrain:
Production
The 27 series had a long production run, including improved versions and many variants tailored to customer needs.Versions
The model series evolved over time through these versions:| Year | Original name | Currently AKA | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1885-1887 | High Arm (VS version), Vibrating Shuttle 1, V.S. No. 1 | experimental, very low production | |
| 1887-1891 | Vibrating Shuttle 2, V.S. No. 2 | Model 27-2*, Model 27 Fiddlebed | shuttle overhauled |
| 1891-1913 | Model 27 | bed changed to rectangular | |
| ~1910-1940s** | Model 127 | a 'modernized' 27 -- see 'Modernization' below |
*Not to be confused with the 27-2 variant; see Variations table below.
**Many records from this era were lost during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
Portable versions
A model 27/127 coincidentally weighs 27 pounds (12.2 kg), plus the weight of its motor, treadle, or hand crank, its light, and its case or cabinet. Such a weight strains the meaning of the term 'portable', even when fitted with only a hand crank and minimal wood case. (Today's laptop computers typically weigh 3 to 5 lb (1.4 to 2.3 ).) This quickly led Singer to produce a 3/4ths size version intended for portability, exactly as the White Sewing Machine CompanyWhite Sewing Machine Company
White Sewing Machine Company was a sewing machine company founded in 1858 in Templeton, Massachusetts by Thomas H. White and based in Cleveland, Ohio since 1866. Founded as the White Manufacturing Company it took the White Sewing Machine Company name when it was incorporated in 1876.The company...
was doing with its new 3/4ths size 'Peerless
White Peerless Sewing Machine
The Peerless was a 3/4ths sized version of the White Sewing Machine Company's vibrating shuttle-based sewing machine named the White Sewing Machine. It was developed at the end of the 19th century as a portable version of what was a very heavy machine....
' machine.
Singer's portable version evolved thus:
| Year | Original name | Currently AKA | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ~1886-~1890 | Vibrating Shuttle 3, V.S. No. 3 | Model 28-1 | evolved from the VS-2; bed changed to rectangular |
| ~1890-1918 | Model 28 | Model 28-2 | |
| ~1910-1962 | Model 128 | a 'modernized' 28 -- see 'Modernization' below |
Modernization
Models 127 and 128 are the 'modernized' versions of the 27 and 28, and carry the following improvements:- A new shuttle ejector button, invented in 1910, eases removal of the shuttle for rethreading. The button is located on the improved shuttle frame, Singer part number 54507, which can be retrofitted onto older model 27 and 28 machines.
- The bobbin winder is mounted high on the pedestal, where a small rubber tire occupying its pulley makes contact with the motor belt. The new mounting position solves the bobbin winder belt problem discussed later.
- Dedicated motor mounting lugs, cast into the rear of the pillar, standardize the position of the motor bracket. A decade later, motor designs will settle down into a side-mounted motor that attaches to these lugs using an L-shaped bracket.
- The shuttle was modified again -- see below.
Shuttle changes
With each major new version came changes in the shuttle:| Models | Shuttle assembly part number | Shuttle body part number | Notes | Picture |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VS-1 | ? | ? | originally like the White Sewing Machine White Sewing Machine The White Sewing Machine was the first sewing machine from the White Sewing Machine Company. It used a vibrating shuttle bobbin driver design; for that reason, and to differentiate it from the later White models that used a rotary hook design instead, it came to be known as the "White Vibrating... 's shuttle, but there were many changes as the VS-1 evolved |
|
| VS-2, VS-3 | 8227 | unknown* | hemicircular pit added to shuttle nose | |
| 27, 28 | 8327 | 8301* | wasp waist added | |
| 127, 128 | 54505 | 54504 | oval pit added to shuttle face, hemicircular pit removed from shuttle nose, shuttle face larger |
*Singer parts lists give contradictory information about the 8301 shuttle body. The parts lists state that both the 8227 and the 8327 shuttle assemblies use it, but the pictures given of those assemblies show completely different shuttle bodies. The correct answer is probably 8327 because shuttles found in the wild stamped "8301" or sometimes "301" are the later wasp-waisted sort.
None of the four shuttle models can be substituted for each other; if they even fit at all, they will cause skipped stitches. However, there was once an aftermarket of replacement shuttles, and the replacements were sometimes contrived to be compatible with both the 27/28 and 127/128 models. Consequently there are extant shuttles which have no stamped part number and which bear the features of both the 8301 and 54504.
Variations
Once production settled down into the model 27 and 28 versions, Singer produced many variants that were intended for different cabinets and power sources. The variant number was listed after the version number and (except for the K designation) a dash; for example, the model 27 standard treadle variant is "27-3".| Variant | Difference |
|---|---|
| 27-1, 28-1, 127-1, 128-1 | standard treadle variant, designation later changed to 3 to avoid confusion with V. S. No. 1 version* |
| 27-2, 28-2, 127-2, 128-2 | standard hand-crank variant, designation later changed to 4 to avoid confusion with V. S. No. 2 version* |
| 27-3, 28-3, 127-3, 128-3 | standard treadle variant, designation usually omitted** |
| 27-4, 28-4, 127-4, 128-4 | standard hand-crank variant |
| 28-8 | treadle, export only |
| 28-9 | hand-crank, export only |
| 127-12 | treadle, no take-up lever cover |
| 127-13 | pre-fitted with 'BT' or 'BR' add-on motor and Singerlight |
| 127-14 | hand-crank, no take-up lever cover |
| 127-23 | pre-fitted with 'BY17' or 'BZ17' add-on motor and spotlight, intended for mounting in a cabinet |
| 127-24 | pre-fitted with 'BY18' or 'BZ18' add-on motor and spotlight, intended for mounting in a portable case |
| 128-8 | pre-fitted with 'BS' add-on motor and spotlight, solid handwheel |
| 128-12 | treadle, no thread cutter, no shuttle ejector, no take-up lever cover |
| 128-13 | pre-fitted with 'BT' add-on motor and Singerlight |
| 128-14 | hand-crank, no thread cutter, no shuttle ejector, no take-up lever cover |
| 128-18 | pre-fitted with 'BY17' or 'BZ17' add-on motor and spotlight, no thread cutter, no shuttle ejector, no take-up lever cover, solid handwheel |
| 128-23 | pre-fitted with 'BY8', 'BY9', 'BZ8', or 'BZ9' add-on motor and spotlight, solid handwheel, intended for mounting in a portable case |
| K | built at Singer's 'Kilbowie' factory in Clydebank Clydebank Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland. Situated on the north bank of the River Clyde, Clydebank borders Dumbarton, the town with which it was combined to form West Dunbartonshire, as well as the town of Milngavie in East Dunbartonshire, and the Yoker and... , Scotland |
*Today the ambiguous designations "27-1", "27-2", and "28-1" almost always refer to the early versions rather than to the later variants.
**Singer serial number archives for the models 27 and 28 often omit the -3 designation but mention the -4 designation, and vice versa.
Production records
Many records from the era of the 27/127 are missing, so the production timeline is spotty. The following is the best information available from the Singer archives.| Machine | First surviving record | Last surviving record | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vibrating Shuttle 1 | (none) | (none) | |
| Vibrating Shuttle 2 | (none) | (none) | |
| Vibrating Shuttle 3 | (none) | (none) | |
| Model 27 | (none) | St. Jean factory batch G2584401-G2609400, allocated 6 January 1913 | |
| Model 28 | (none) | Elizabethport factory batch G6463896-G6488895, allocated 9 October 1918 | |
| Model 127 | Kilbowie factory batch F3018545-F3093544, allocated July 1912 | Elizabethport factory batch AF948851-AF953850, allocated 28 May 1941 | Many records lost during World War II World War II World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis... . |
| Model 128 | Kilbowie factory batch F2612805-F2613304, allocated January 1912 | Kilbowie factory batch ET613325-ET638324, allocated 17 July 1962 |
Knock-offs
At about USD100 apiece (about USD2500 adjusted), Singer sewing machines were pricey, even considering the payment plans and trade-in allowances that were offered. The high prices created a demand for knock-offs made by bargain competitors. The main competitors were Sears Roebuck & Co and Montgomery Wards & Co, who sold copied Singer models made by a variety of manufacturers:| Manufacturer | Singer model | Knock-off name |
|---|---|---|
| Goodrich Machine Sewing Company | VS-1? | Minnesota |
| The Free Sewing Machine Company | VS-2 | ACME |
| The Davis Sewing Machine Company | VS-2 | Minnesota-B, Burdick |
| Illinois Sewing Machine Company | 27 | New Royal |
| White Sewing Machine Company | 27 | Franklin, "Long Shuttle" |
| White Sewing Machine Company | 127 | Number 8 |
| Domestic Sewing Machine Company | 27 | Franklin |
| Domestic Sewing Machine Company | 127 | Minnesota-A, Minnesota New Model A, Minnesota-H |
| Standard Sewing Machine Company | VS-2? | Minnesota-L |
Power
The 27 model series had three options for power: foot treadleTreadle
A treadle [from OE tredan = to tread] is a part of a machine which is operated by the foot to produce reciprocating or rotary motion in a machine such as a weaving loom or grinder...
, hand crank, and external electric motor.
Treadle
A treadle obtains power from the user's legs. Early treadles were for just one foot making a heel-toe rocking motion, but all later treadles, including those offered with 27-series machines, were for two feet making a left-heel-right-toe (or vice versa) motion. The treadle provided with 27-series machines has a negative mechanical advantageMechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. Ideally, the device preserves the input power and simply trades off forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification in the output force...
: one complete down-up motion produces exactly four stitches.
As a foot treadle, the machine mounts in a cabinet about the size of an adult schooldesk. The treadle pad is built into the cabinet's base right at the user's feet. A round leather "treadle belt" passes up from the treadle, up through the cabinet, over the handwheel by following the belt groove, back down through the cabinet again, and then back to the treadle.
The belt is joined end-to-end with a clip to make a loop, and can be shortened and reclipped (using special "treadle belt pliers") as needed to keep proper tension. The treadle belt is tanned leather, 3/16" in diameter, and is normally sold in 72" lengths.
Hand crank
Hand cranks provide greater portability at the cost of greater exertion. A hand crank machine fit in a small case, making it a piece of luggage rather than a piece of furniture. It also cost significantly less than a full treadle. Indeed, the 3/4th size model 28/128 derivative was specifically intended for this end.The crank is geared to give a negative mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage
Mechanical advantage is a measure of the force amplification achieved by using a tool, mechanical device or machine system. Ideally, the device preserves the input power and simply trades off forces against movement to obtain a desired amplification in the output force...
so that it can crank the machine at high speed. Each rotation of the crank handle produces three rotations of the handwheel, and hence three stitches.
External electric motor
Electric motors were offered (by Singer and others) to retrofit these and other treadle machines with electric power.Cabinet-mount
Early electric conversions consisted of mounting a motor in the treadle cabinet. The treadle belt was shortened to run only from the motor's pulley to the handwheel. The treadle pad was then given a mechanism for controlling the motor's speed in the manner of a modern car gas pedal.These conversions were invented and developed by Philip Diehl
Philip Diehl (inventor)
Philip H. Diehl was a German-American engineer and inventor who held several U.S. patents, including electric incandescent lamps, electric motors for sewing machines and other uses, and ceiling fans...
, an inventor under contract with Singer. His efforts bore fruit in 1884, before the first VS-1 was even built and fully five years before Singer's first natively electrified model. He continued to make improvements for many years thereafter.
Pillar-mount
Later motor kits dispensed entirely with the treadle, treadle belt, and cabinet. The motor bolted right to the machine's pillar, where -- thanks to its compact size -- it could remain even when the machine was tilted into its cabinet or enclosed within its cover. This was an improvement over earlier pivoting-motor designs, large offset belt-drive motors, and the many schemes for entirely replacing the handwheel with a motor. Credit for the original idea may belong to George F. Green, who proposed it back in 1879 but was probably unable to build or obtain the sufficiently compact motor required by his design. It was Frederick Diehl and Martin Hemler, Singer employees, who finally developed the idea in 1921.Speed is controlled by a rheostat, originally mounted on the treadle pad but later as an independent pedal for foot or knee control. The kit includes a dual electrical outlet that mounts alongside the machine in its case: one outlet is for the motor and is controlled by the foot pedal; the other is for a sewing lamp (see below) and is always energized. A sewing machine thus electrified now fit entirely inside a woman-portable carrying case.
Electric motors became so common that Singer made provision for them: the model 127/128 'modernized' versions included mounting lugs for a motor, whereas earlier models had to be drilled and tapped. Some 127/128 machines were even given motors right at the factory, and of those, a few models used a smaller lighter solid handwheel instead of the larger heavier spoked handwheel used on machines sold as treadles. The spoked handwheel is better for treadles because its larger inertia keeps it spinning longer, whereas the lighter solid handwheel is better for motors because its smaller inertia causes it to start and stop more quickly.
| Older spoked handwheel | Newer solid handwheel |
|---|---|
A few older 27 and 28 machines have also shown up with solid handwheels, which they must have received retrofit during the addition of their electric motor.
Belts
The add-on motor drives the handwheel by means of a rubber belt. Meanwhile the bobbin winder has a separate belt: the models 27 and 28 drive the bobbin winder using a long round or V belt to the motor, whereas the 'modernized' models 127 and 128 drive the bobbin winder directly off the handwheel by means of a small "ring belt" or "bobbin belt" acting as a tire.
| Model | Belt | Belt race inner length |
Belt race outer length |
Adjustment range +/- |
V belt | Stretch belt |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 27*, 28*, 127, 128 spoked handwheel |
motor belt | 14-3/4 inches | 15-3/4 inches | 1/4 inch | Singer 193077 (15-3/8 inches) |
Singer 2125 or Dritz 903 (13-1/2 inches) or similar |
| 27*, 28*, 127, 128 solid handwheel |
motor belt | ? | ? | 1/4 inch | Singer 193066 (14-1/4 inches) |
Singer 2125 or Dritz 903 (13-1/2 inches) or similar |
| 27, 28 | bobbin winder belt | 10-3/4 inches | 11-7/8 inches | 1/2 inch | see below | see below |
| 127, 128 | bobbin winder tire | 5/8 inch | 1-1/8 inch | 0 | not applicable | Singer 15287A (included in Singer 2125 and Dritz 903) |
*Models 27 and 28 do not have a motor mount hardpoint; the hardpoint appeared later on the models 127 and 128. Without a hardpoint, screw holes must be manually drilled and tapped into the pillar for the motor mounting bolts. Unfortunately there is not a standard location for these screw holes, and so the add-on motor can be mounted anywhere within a two-inch range on the pillar. Consequently, the belt race length can vary from the standard race lengths of the 127 and 128. If it does vary, then the standard Singer V belts can be too long or too short. In that case a stretch belt (good over a range of several inches) will suffice instead.
Difficulties with 27/28 bobbin winder belt
Models 27 and 28 were designed before electrified sewing machines were common, and the location of the bobbin winder reflects this. It is positioned to intercept the treadle belt as it passes back down into the cabinet. Motorization removes the treadle belt and so opens the question of how to drive the bobbin winder.
To answer this, the modernized models 127 and 128 moved the bobbin winder up several inches where, with a suitable tire, it can run directly off the handwheel. The older 27 and 28, on the other hand, require a dedicated belt to drive the bobbin winder, but the motor kit only has one pulley, resulting in problems:
- Driving both the handwheel and the bobbin winder with a single belt running in a triangular path causes traction problems at the motor, due to decreased belt contact area (from 90 degrees to about 60 degrees). This can be compensated by high belt tension, but that in turn will wear out the bearings and quickly exhaust a stretch belt.
- Driving the bobbin winder with a separate belt, hooked onto the motor pulley whenever needed, means that the standard V belt cannot be used to drive the handwheel. A less-desirable stretch belt, easier to get onto and off the motor pulley, must be used instead.
One solution to the problem has been spotted in a wild: tack-weld a second pulley onto the motor pulley, as shown in the picture.
Sewing lamp
Motor kits usually included a sewing lamp. Singer's motor kits and factory motorizations each included one of two different sorts of lamp:
- Spotlights cast their light in just one direction and are known to run hot. They attach at any screw-hole on the machine, using a short metal arm with thumbscrew.
- 'Singerlights' have an elongated bulb and shade which casts its light over most of the bed. They attach to the machine's pillar access port underneath the round cover, sharing its thumbscrew. The Singerlight compatible with 27-series machines is Singer part number B428. It was originally invented by Frederick Diehl in 1921, and a coworker soon followed with additional patented improvements.
As there were many clones of the add-on motor, so also were there many clones of the Singerlight. Mercury Electric Products Manufacturing Company, aka MEPM, was one of the third-party vendors of such products.
Finish and decals
Most machines in this model series are painted in Japan blackJapan Black
Japan black is a lacquer or varnish suitable for many substrates but known especially for its use on iron and steel. It is named after Japan. Its high bitumen content provides a protective finish that is durable and dries quickly...
lacquer, but some of the later variants (127-12, 127-14, 127-23, 128-8, 128-12, 128-14, and 128-18) were instead finished in the newly fashionable, low-glare "black wrinkle" (aka "Godzilla" or "black crinkle") finish. They were all then 'ornamented' with extensive eye-catching decals. Common decal sets have names and are shown below; alternatively, many machines carry nondescript floral patterns.
Accessories
27-series machines have a standard "low shank" and so are compatible with all ordinary low-shank attachments.Singer also produced many attachments specifically for their own machines "which will enable you to accomplish a great variety of work with a minimum of time and effort... attachments which can give your home sewing that smart professional look."
'Style' boxes
Singer accessory kits were sold in fold-out 'Style' boxes, numbered consecutively as newer versions evolved from older ones. The numbers begin at 1 ("Style No. 1") and culminate at 14 during the era of the 27 model series. The boxes included accessory attachments for hemHem
To hem a piece of cloth is to sew a cut edge in such a way as to prevent unraveling of the fabric.There are many different styles of hems of varying complexities. The most common hem...
ming, braiding, underbraiding, tucking
Tuck (sewing)
In sewing, a tuck is a fold or pleat in fabric that is sewn in place.Small tucks, especially multiple parallel tucks, may be used to decorate clothing or household linens...
, shirring
Shirring
In sewing, shirring is two or more rows of gathers used to decorate parts of garments, usually the sleeves, bodice or yoke....
, binding
Binding (sewing)
In sewing, binding is used as both a noun and a verb to refer to finishing a seam or hem of a garment, usually by rolling or pressing then stitching on an edging or trim ....
, quilting
Quilting
Quilting is a sewing method done to join two or more layers of material together to make a thicker padded material. A quilter is the name given to someone who works at quilting. Quilting can be done by hand, by sewing machine, or by a specialist longarm quilting system.The process of quilting uses...
, and ruffling, plus spare needles, bobbin
Bobbin
A bobbin is a spindle or cylinder, with or without flanges, on which wire, yarn, thread or film is wound. Bobbins are typically found in sewing machines, cameras, and within electronic equipment....
s, screws, and screwdrivers.
Today such a box is called a "puzzle box", but this is a recent term: it is not mentioned in the original Style manuals.
Hemstitcher
Singer separately sold a hemstitchHemstitch
Hemstitch or hem-stitch is a decorative drawn thread work or openwork hand-sewing technique for embellishing the hem of clothing or household linens...
ing attachment that is compatible with 27-series machines. The original version is a passive device, Singer part number 28915. Later, a more sophisticated needle-clamp-powered attachment was offered -- Singer part number 121387.
Buttonholer
Because 27-series machines cannot natively sew a zigzag stitchZigzag stitch
A zigzag stitch is variant geometry of the lockstitch. It is a back-and-forth stitch used where a straight stitch will not suffice, such as in reinforcing buttonholes, in stitching stretchable fabrics, and in temporarily joining two work pieces edge-to-edge....
, they cannot feasibly sew a buttonhole
Buttonhole
Buttonholes are holes in fabric which allow buttons to pass through, securing one piece of the fabric to another. The raw edges of a buttonhole are usually finished with stitching. This may be done either by hand or by a sewing machine. Some forms of button, such as a Mandarin button, use a loop...
. To rectify this, Singer produced an evolving line of buttonholer attachments that mount on the machine's shank and provide the missing functionality.
Zigzagger
Singer made an attachment similar to its buttonholer, and using a similar needle-clamp-powered locomotion, in order to confer some zigzaggingZigzag stitch
A zigzag stitch is variant geometry of the lockstitch. It is a back-and-forth stitch used where a straight stitch will not suffice, such as in reinforcing buttonholes, in stitching stretchable fabrics, and in temporarily joining two work pieces edge-to-edge....
ability on its straight-stitch machines.
Of the variety of "Singer Automatic Zigzagger" attachments produced over the years, two are compatible with 27-series machines: Singer part numbers 160985 and 161102.
Blind stitcher
The blind stitcher is yet another needle-clamp-powered attachment designed to ease a specific sewing task. Singer part number 160616 is compatible with 27-series machines.In popular culture
- In the 2010 "Alice in Wonderland" filmAlice in Wonderland (2010 film)Alice in Wonderland is a 2010 American computer-animated/live action fantasy adventure film directed by Tim Burton, written by Linda Woolverton, and released by Walt Disney Pictures...
, the Mad Hatter sews hats on a nicely restored model 27-4 hand-crank machine.
External links
Singer online manuals:
- Instruction Manual for 127 and 128 (applicable to 27 and 28)
- Adjuster's Manual for 127 and 128 (applicable to 27 and 28)