Sixto-Clementine Vulgate
Encyclopedia
Vulgata Sixto-Clementina, is the edition of Latin Vulgate
from 1592, prepared by Pope Clement VIII
. It was the second edition of the Vulgate authorised by this Pope, and it was used until the 20th century.
prepared by Pope Sixtus V
was edited in 1590 but it was unsatisfactory from a textual point of view. As a result this edition was short-lived.
Clement VIII
(1592–1605) ordered Franciscus Toletus
, Augustinus Valerius
, Fredericus Borromaeus
, Robertus Bellarmino
, Antonius Agellius
, and Petrus Morinus
to make corrections and to prepare a revision. The revision was based on the Hentenian edition. It was printed on 9 November 1592, with a preface written by Cardinal Bellarmine. The misprints of this edition were partly eliminated in a second (1593) and a third (1598) edition.
The Clementine Vulgate contained in the Appendix additional apocryphal books: Prayer of Manasseh
, 3 Esdras
, and 4 Esdras
. It contained also Psalterium Gallicanum, as did the majority of the early editions of Vulgate.
It contains texts of the Acts 15:34 and the Comma Johanneum
in 1 John 5:7.
It was issued with the Bull, Cum Sacrorum (9 November 1592), which claimed that every subsequent edition must be assimillated to this one, no word of the text may be changed, nor even variant readings printed in the margin.
It is cited in all critical editions and it is designated by siglum vgc or vgcl.
). According to Bruce M. Metzger it differs in some 4,900 variants, according to Kurt Aland
in about 5,000 variants.
The opportunity was too good for Protestants to miss, and Thomas James
in his "Bellum Papale sive Concordia discors" (London, 1600), upbraids the two Popes on their high pretensions and palpable failure, possibly of both of them. He gave a long list of the differences (about 2,000) between these two editions. Translators of King James Version in the preface to the first edition from 1611 accused the pope of perversion of the Holy Scripture.
The Clementine Vulgate was criticised by such textual critics as Richard Bentley
, John Wordsworth
, Henry Julian White
, Samuel Berger, and P. Corssen.
The Clementine Vulgate remained the official Latin Bible text of the Roman Catholic Church until the end of the 20th century, when the Nova Vulgata was issued. In 2001 the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
in Liturgiam authenticam
announced that the Nova Vulgata is an official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church.
Vulgate
The Vulgate is a late 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It was largely the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to make a revision of the old Latin translations...
from 1592, prepared by Pope Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII , born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from 30 January 1592 to 3 March 1605.-Cardinal:...
. It was the second edition of the Vulgate authorised by this Pope, and it was used until the 20th century.
Clementine edition
The first VulgateVulgata Sixtina
The Vulgata Sixtina was a Latin edition of the Bible from 1590, prepared on the orders of Pope Sixtus V. It was the first edition of the Latin Vulgate authorised by a pope, but its official recognition was short-lived.- Three committees :...
prepared by Pope Sixtus V
Pope Sixtus V
Pope Sixtus V , born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590.-Early life:The chronicler Andrija Zmajević states that Felice's family originated from modern-day Montenegro...
was edited in 1590 but it was unsatisfactory from a textual point of view. As a result this edition was short-lived.
Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII
Pope Clement VIII , born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from 30 January 1592 to 3 March 1605.-Cardinal:...
(1592–1605) ordered Franciscus Toletus
Franciscus Toletus
Francisco de Toledo, born the 4 October 1532 at Cordoba and died the 14 September 1596 in Rome, was a Spanish Jesuit theologian, Biblical exegete and professor at the Roman College...
, Augustinus Valerius
Augustinus Valerius
Augustinus Valerius, or Valerio, was born in Venice on April 7, 1531. He became a doctor of canon law. He was one of the editors of the Clementine edition of the Latin Vulgate. He died in Rome on May 24, 1606.-Notes:...
, Fredericus Borromaeus
Federico Borromeo
Federico Borromeo was an Italian ecclesiastic, cardinal and archbishop of Milan.-Biography:Federico Borromeo was born in Milan as the second son of Giulio Cesare Borromeo, Count of Arona, and Margherita Trivulzio...
, Robertus Bellarmino
Robert Bellarmine
Robert Bellarmine was an Italian Jesuit and a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was one of the most important figures in the Counter-Reformation...
, Antonius Agellius
Antonius Agellius
Antonius Agellius or Antonio Agellio was bishop of Acerno and a member of the Theatines, born in Sorrento. He was an editor of the Clementine edition of the Latin Vulgate....
, and Petrus Morinus
Petrus Morinus
Petrus Morinus or Pierre Morin was born in Paris in 1531. He was an editor of the Septuagint and the Vulgate. He died in Rome in 1608.-Notes:...
to make corrections and to prepare a revision. The revision was based on the Hentenian edition. It was printed on 9 November 1592, with a preface written by Cardinal Bellarmine. The misprints of this edition were partly eliminated in a second (1593) and a third (1598) edition.
The Clementine Vulgate contained in the Appendix additional apocryphal books: Prayer of Manasseh
Prayer of Manasseh
The Prayer of Manasseh is a short work of 15 verses of the penitential prayer of king Manasseh of Judah. Manasseh is recorded in the Bible as one of the most idolatrous kings of Judah . Chronicles, but not Kings, records that Manasseh was taken captive by the Assyrians...
, 3 Esdras
1 Esdras
1 Esdras , Greek Ezra, is an ancient Greek version of the biblical Book of Ezra in use among ancient Jewry, the early church, and many modern Christians with varying degrees of canonicity and a high historical usefulness....
, and 4 Esdras
2 Esdras
2 Esdras or Latin Esdras is the name of an apocalyptic book in many English versions of the Bible . Its authorship is ascribed to Ezra. It is reckoned among the Apocrypha by many Protestant churches. Although Second Esdras exists in its complete form only in Latin, it was originally written in...
. It contained also Psalterium Gallicanum, as did the majority of the early editions of Vulgate.
It contains texts of the Acts 15:34 and the Comma Johanneum
Comma Johanneum
The Comma Johanneum is a comma in the First Epistle of John according to the Latin Vulgate text as transmitted since the Early Middle Ages, based on Vetus Latina minority readings dating to the 7th century...
in 1 John 5:7.
It was issued with the Bull, Cum Sacrorum (9 November 1592), which claimed that every subsequent edition must be assimillated to this one, no word of the text may be changed, nor even variant readings printed in the margin.
It is cited in all critical editions and it is designated by siglum vgc or vgcl.
Some differences to the Vulgata Sixtina
| Vulgata Sixtina | Vulgata Clementina | |
|---|---|---|
| Book of Genesis 18 | ||
| 18,2 | tabernaculi sui | tabernaculi |
| 18,2 | in terra | in terram |
| 18,4 | laventur pedes vestri | lavate pedes vestros |
| 18,5 | confortetur | confortate |
| 18,5 | loquutus | locutus |
| 18,2 | Gomorrhaeorum | Gomorrhae |
| 18,28 | quia | propter |
| Book of Exodus 11 | ||
| 11,14 | constituit te | te constituit |
| 11,16 | venerant | venerunt |
| 11,22 | et eripuit | eripuit |
| 11,25 | liberavit | cognovit |
Reception
The Clementine edition differs from the Sixtine edition in about 3,000 places (according to Carlo VercelloneCarlo Vercellone
-Biography:Carlo was born at Biella, Milan. He entered the Order of the Barnabites at Genoa, in 1829; studied philosophy at Turin and theology at Rome, under Aloysius Ungarelli.He taught the sacred sciences at Alessandria, Turin, Perugia and Parma....
). According to Bruce M. Metzger it differs in some 4,900 variants, according to Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
in about 5,000 variants.
The opportunity was too good for Protestants to miss, and Thomas James
Thomas James
Thomas James was an English librarian, first librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford.James became a fellow of New College, Oxford in 1593...
in his "Bellum Papale sive Concordia discors" (London, 1600), upbraids the two Popes on their high pretensions and palpable failure, possibly of both of them. He gave a long list of the differences (about 2,000) between these two editions. Translators of King James Version in the preface to the first edition from 1611 accused the pope of perversion of the Holy Scripture.
The Clementine Vulgate was criticised by such textual critics as Richard Bentley
Richard Bentley
Richard Bentley was an English classical scholar, critic, and theologian. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge....
, John Wordsworth
John Wordsworth
The Right Reverend John Wordsworth was an English prelate. He was born at Harrow on the Hill, to the Reverend Christopher Wordsworth, nephew of the poet William Wordsworth...
, Henry Julian White
Henry Julian White
Henry Julian White was a biblical scholar. He was born in Islington and educated at Oxford. He was ordained in 1886, becoming the domestic chaplain of John Wordsworth in the same year. He taught at Oxford from 1895 and King's College London from 1905. He assisted Wordsworth in producing an edition...
, Samuel Berger, and P. Corssen.
The Clementine Vulgate remained the official Latin Bible text of the Roman Catholic Church until the end of the 20th century, when the Nova Vulgata was issued. In 2001 the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments is the congregation of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Catholic Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters relating to the...
in Liturgiam authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam
Liturgiam Authenticam is an instruction of the Holy See, dated 28 March 2001, that included the requirement that, in translations of the liturgical texts from the official Latin originals, "the original text, insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without...
announced that the Nova Vulgata is an official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church.
Further reading
- Thomas James, A Treatise of the Corruptions of Scripture, Councils, and Fathers, by the Prelates, Pastors, and Fathers, p. 170 ff.
- Carlo Vercellone, Variae lectiones Vulgatae Latinae Bibliorum editionis, Romae 1860.
External links
- Vulgata Clementina – VulSearch & the Clementine Vulgate project
- Vulgata Clementina, with apocrypha, Leander van Ess Editore (1822-1824)
- New Testament (Clementine Vulgate & Rheims Version)