Slavonian Krajina
Encyclopedia
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
Military Frontier
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
. It was formed out of territories the Habsburgs conquered from the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and included southern parts of Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
and Syrmia
Syrmia
Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
; today the area it covered is mostly in eastern Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
, with its easternmost parts in northern Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
(mostly in Vojvodina
Vojvodina
Vojvodina, officially called Autonomous Province of Vojvodina is an autonomous province of Serbia. Its capital and largest city is Novi Sad...
region).
Divisions
The Slavonian Krajina was divided between three regiments, named after towns in the area: GradiškaNova Gradiška
Nova Gradiška is a city located in the Brod-Posavina County of Croatia, population 14,196 . It is located in the historic region of Slavonia, near the border to Bosnia and Herzegovina....
, Brod
Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod is a city in Croatia, with a population of 59,507 in 2011. The city was known as Marsonia in the Roman Empire, and as Brod na Savi 1244–1934. It is the sixth largest city in Croatia, after Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek and Zadar. Located in the region of Slavonia, it is the...
, and Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin , is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia...
; however, the regimental seat of the Brod regiment was in Vinkovci
Vinkovci
Vinkovci is a city in Croatia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia County. In the 2011 census, the total population of the city was 35,375, making it the largest town of the county...
. Other important towns in the area included Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci
Sremski Karlovci is a town and municipality in Serbia, in the autonomous province of Vojvodina, situated on the bank of the river Danube, 8 km from Novi Sad...
, Stara Pazova
Stara Pazova
Stara Pazova is a town and municipality in Srem District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 18,645, while Stara Pazova municipality has 67,576 inhabitants.-Name:...
, Zemun
Zemun
Zemun is a historical town and one of the 17 municipalities which constitute the City of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia...
, and Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica
Sremska Mitrovica is a city and municipality located in the Vojvodina province of Serbia, on the left bank of the Sava river. As of 2002 the town had a total population of 39,041, while Sremska Mitrovica municipality had a population of 85,605...
.
History
During the history, name Slavonian Krajina refereed to different territories. Original Slavonian Krajina was located in what is now Central CroatiaCentral Croatia
Central Croatia or Croatia proper is a term that refers to the areas of the Republic of Croatia that were part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia which excluded Istria, Slavonia, and Dalmatia...
and was known as the Varaždin
Varaždin
Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on of the city settlement itself . The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at...
generalat. It was created from territories that formerly were part of medieval Banovina of Slavonia
Banovina of Slavonia
The Banovina of Slavonia was a province of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary and Kingdom of Croatia. It included parts of present-day Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina...
. Shortly after its creation in the 16th century, original Slavonian Krajina bordered the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
to the east, the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia (part of the Habsburg Empire) to the west, the Croatian Krajina
Croatian Krajina
The Croatian Military Frontier was a territory in the Habsburg Monarchy, including the Austrian Empire and Austro-Hungarian Monarchy.-History:...
to the south-west, and the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
The term Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary can refer to the following provinces of the Habsburg Empire :*Kingdom of Hungary *Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary...
, also part of the Habsburg Empire, to the north.
After the Treaty of Karlowitz
Treaty of Karlowitz
The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci , concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–1697 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta...
(1699), Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
expanded its territory towards east and new sections of the Military Frontier
Military Frontier
The Military Frontier was a borderland of Habsburg Austria and later the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, which acted as the cordon sanitaire against incursions from the Ottoman Empire...
were founded along the Sava, Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
, Tisa
Tisá
Tisá is a village and municipality in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 786 ....
and Mureş
Mures
The name Mureș may refer to:*Mureș County in Romania*Mureș River in Romania and Hungary *Mures , a puzzle gameAlso, the following localities contain the name Mureș and lie on the banks of the river above....
rivers. New parts of the frontier were divided into two generalats: the first one included territory from Gradiška
Gradiška
Gradiška is a town and municipality in northwestern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Before the Bosnian War, it was also known as Bosanska Gradiška . Gradiška is situated in the northern part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina and is one of the eastern most municipalities of the Bosanska...
to river Tisa
Tisá
Tisá is a village and municipality in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 786 ....
and the second one included territories along the Tisa
Tisá
Tisá is a village and municipality in Ústí nad Labem District in the Ústí nad Labem Region of the Czech Republic.The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 786 ....
and Mureş
Mures
The name Mureș may refer to:*Mureș County in Romania*Mureș River in Romania and Hungary *Mures , a puzzle gameAlso, the following localities contain the name Mureș and lie on the banks of the river above....
rivers. Until the middle of the 18th century, the entire Slavonia
Slavonia
Slavonia is a geographical and historical region in eastern Croatia...
region was under military administration. In 1745, northern parts of Slavonia were placed under civil administration and were organized into the newly formed Habsburg crownland known as the Kingdom of Slavonia
Kingdom of Slavonia
The Kingdom of Slavonia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868. The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia and Syrmia...
. The southern parts of Slavonia that remained under military administration were organized into Slavonian Military Frontier or Slavonian Krajina, while former original Slavonian Krajina was organized as Varaždin
Varaždin
Varaždin is a city in north Croatia, north of Zagreb on the highway A4. The total population is 47,055, with 38,746 on of the city settlement itself . The centre of Varaždin county is located near the Drava river, at...
section of the Croatian Military Frontier.
In the second half of the 18th century, the Slavonian Krajina bordered the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
The Kingdom of Croatia was an administrative division that existed between 1527 and 1868 within the Habsburg Monarchy . The Kingdom was a part of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, but was subject to direct Imperial Austrian rule for significant periods of time, including its final years...
and the Croatian Military Frontier to the west, the Habsburg Kingdom of Slavonia
Kingdom of Slavonia
The Kingdom of Slavonia was a province of the Habsburg Monarchy and the Austrian Empire that existed from 1699 to 1868. The province included northern parts of present-day regions of Slavonia and Syrmia...
and the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary
The term Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary can refer to the following provinces of the Habsburg Empire :*Kingdom of Hungary *Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary...
to the north, the Banat Military Frontier to the east and the Ottoman province of Bosnia and Sanjak of Smederevo
Sanjak of Smederevo
The Sanjak of Smederevo , also known as the Pashaluk of Belgrade , was an Ottoman administrative unit , that existed between the 15th and the outset of the 19th centuries...
to the south. The only changes of this province's borders and neighborhood before its integration into Croatia-Slavonia in 1882 were in 1848-1849 when autonomous Serbian Vojvodina
Serbian Vojvodina
The Serbian Vojvodina was a Serbian autonomous region within the Austrian Empire...
included eastern parts of Slavonian Krajina and between 1849 and 1860, during the existence of Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar, an separate Habsburg crownland which became an north-eastern neighbor of Slavonian Krajina. After the creation of the Principality of Serbia in 1815, this was the Slavonian Krajina's southeastern neighbor.
1776
In 1776, the rural population of the Slavonian military frontier was 177,212. The number of Roman Catholic men was 43,635, while number of OrthodoxEastern Orthodox Church
The Orthodox Church, officially called the Orthodox Catholic Church and commonly referred to as the Eastern Orthodox Church, is the second largest Christian denomination in the world, with an estimated 300 million adherents mainly in the countries of Belarus, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Georgia, Greece,...
men was 33,970. The number of inhabitants of cities was 11,353, and that giving a total of 188,565 inhabitants.
In Brod
Brod
-Places:Brod is a common Slavic toponym, meaning ford. It may refer to the following:* Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a town and municipality in Republika Srpska* Kostinbrod, a city in Sofia Province, Bulgaria* Tsarev Brod, a village in Shumen Province, Bulgaria...
and Gradiška
Gradiška
Gradiška is a town and municipality in northwestern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Before the Bosnian War, it was also known as Bosanska Gradiška . Gradiška is situated in the northern part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina and is one of the eastern most municipalities of the Bosanska...
regiments Catholics outnumbered the minority Orthodox, and in Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin , is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia...
regiment the Orthodox were more numerous.
1820
In 1820, population of Slavonian Krajina included 117,933 Catholics and 117,274 Orthodox Christians.1870
In 1870, Slavonian military frontier had, according to official census, 246,901 inhabitants. Of that number 143,873 were Roman Catholic and 92,991 were Orthodox (living mainly in eastern Syrmia). BrodBrod
-Places:Brod is a common Slavic toponym, meaning ford. It may refer to the following:* Brod, Bosnia and Herzegovina, a town and municipality in Republika Srpska* Kostinbrod, a city in Sofia Province, Bulgaria* Tsarev Brod, a village in Shumen Province, Bulgaria...
regiment had 82,540 inhabitants out of which 73,892 were Roman Catholic and 6,886 were Orthodox. Gradiška
Gradiška
Gradiška is a town and municipality in northwestern Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Before the Bosnian War, it was also known as Bosanska Gradiška . Gradiška is situated in the northern part of the Bosnia and Herzegovina and is one of the eastern most municipalities of the Bosanska...
regiment had 61,596 inhabitants out of which 45,601 were Roman Catholic and 15,933 were Orthodox. Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin
Petrovaradin , is part of the agglomeration of Novi Sad in Serbia...
regiment had 102,765 inhabitants out of which 70,172 were Orthodox and 24,380 were Roman Catholic.
