Slurry
Encyclopedia
A slurry is, in general, a thick suspension
Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous fluid containing solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation. Usually they must be larger than 1 micrometer. The internal phase is dispersed throughout the external phase through mechanical agitation, with the use of certain...

 of solids in a liquid.

Examples of slurries

Examples of slurries include:
  • Lahar
    Lahar
    A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. The term is a shortened version of "berlahar" which originated in the Javanese language of...

    s
  • A mixture of water
    Water
    Water is a chemical substance with the chemical formula H2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at ambient conditions, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice, and gaseous state . Water also exists in a...

     and cement
    Cement
    In the most general sense of the word, a cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens independently, and can bind other materials together. The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used the term opus caementicium to describe masonry resembling modern concrete that was made from crushed...

     to form concrete
    Concrete
    Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...

  • A mixture of water, gelling agent, and oxidizers used as an explosive
    Water gel explosive
    A water-gel is a fuel sensitized explosive mixture that consisting of an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution that acts as the oxidizer. Water gels that are cap-insensitive are not strictly explosives and are referred to as blasting agents....

  • A mixture of water and bentonite
    Bentonite
    Bentonite is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate, essentially impure clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite. There are different types of bentonite, each named after the respective dominant element, such as potassium , sodium , calcium , and aluminum . Experts debate a number of nomenclatorial...

     used to make slurry wall
    Slurry wall
    A slurry wall is a technique used to build reinforced-concrete walls in areas of soft earth close to open water or with a high ground water table. This technique is typically used to build diaphragm walls surrounding tunnels and open cuts, and to lay foundations.A trench is excavated to create a...

    s
  • A mixture of wood pulp and water used to make paper
    Paper
    Paper is a thin material mainly used for writing upon, printing upon, drawing or for packaging. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets....

  • A mixture of water and animal waste used as fertilizer
    Fertilizer
    Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. A recent assessment found that about 40 to 60% of crop yields are attributable to commercial fertilizer use...

  • Meat slurry
    Meat slurry
    A meat slurry, reconstituted meat, or emulsified meat is a liquefied meat product that contains fewer fats, pigments and less myoglobin than unprocessed dark meats...

    , a food product
  • An abrasive substance used in chemical-mechanical polishing, a semiconductor manufacturing process
  • A mixture of ice crystals, water and freezing point depressant, called slurry ice
    Slurry ice
    Slurry ice is a phase changing refrigerant made up of millions of ice “micro-crystals” formed and suspended within a solution of water and a freezing point depressant. Some compounds used in the field are salt , ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, various alcohols and sugar...

  • A wet-process cement
    Portland cement
    Portland cement is the most common type of cement in general use around the world because it is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar, stucco and most non-specialty grout...

     rawmix
    Rawmill
    A rawmill is the equipment used to grind raw materials into "rawmix" during the manufacture of cement. Rawmix is then fed to a cement kiln, which transforms it into clinker, which is then ground to make cement in the cement mill...

  • A mixture of water, ceramic
    Ceramic
    A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...

     powder and various additives (e.g., dispersant) used in the processing of ceramics.
  • Bean slurry, a food product
  • A mixture of water and a starch (normally corn starch) used in cooking to thicken liquids to make a Blancmange
    Blancmange
    Blancmange is a sweet dessert commonly made with milk or cream and sugar thickened with gelatin, cornstarch or Irish moss, and often flavored with almonds. It is usually set in a mould and served cold. Although traditionally white, blancmanges are frequently given a pink color as well...

     (pudding
    Pudding
    Pudding most often refers to a dessert, but it can also be a savory dish.In the United States, pudding characteristically denotes a sweet milk-based dessert similar in consistency to egg-based custards, though it may also refer to other types such as bread and rice pudding.In the United Kingdom and...

    ) or translucent
    Transparency and translucency
    In the field of optics, transparency is the physical property of allowing light to pass through a material; translucency only allows light to pass through diffusely. The opposite property is opacity...

     sauce
    Sauce
    In cooking, a sauce is liquid, creaming or semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not normally consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsus, meaning salted...

     (gravy
    Gravy
    Gravy is a sauce made often from the juices that run naturally from meat or vegetables during cooking. In North America the term can refer to a wider variety of sauces and gravy is often thicker than in Britain...

    ).

Determining solids fraction

To determine the percent solids (or solids fraction) of a slurry from the density of the slurry, solids and liquid
where is the solids fraction of the slurry is the solids density is the slurry density is the liquid density

In aqueous slurries, as is common in mineral processing, the specific gravity of the species is typically used, and since is taken to be 1, this relation is typically written:
even though specific gravity with units tons/m^3 is used instead of the SI density unit, kg/m^3.

Liquid mass from mass fraction of solids

To determine the mass of liquid in a sample given the mass of solids and the mass fraction:
By definition*100
therefore
and
then
and therefore
where is the solids fraction of the slurry is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream

Volumetric fraction from mass fraction


Equivalently
and in a minerals processing context where the specific gravity of the liquid (water) is taken to be one:
So
and
Then combining with the first equation:
So
Then since
we conclude that

where is the solids fraction of the slurry on a volumetric basis is the solids fraction of the slurry on a mass basis is the mass or mass flow of solids in the sample or stream is the mass or mass flow of slurry in the sample or stream is the mass or mass flow of liquid in the sample or stream is the bulk specific gravity of the solids

See also

  • Coal slurry
    Coal slurry
    Coal slurry consists of solid and liquid waste and is a by-product of the coal mining and preparation processes. It is a fine coal refuse and water. Mining generates enormous amounts of solid waste in the form of rocks and dirt. This refuse is used to dam the opening of a hollow between adjacent...

  • Slurry pipeline
    Slurry pipeline
    A slurry pipeline is used in mining to transport mineral concentrate from a mineral processing plant near a mine.- Overview :The concentrate of the ore is mixed with water and then pumped over a long distance to a port where it can be shipped for further processing. At the end of the pipeline, the...

  • Slurry Transport
    Slurry Transport
    Slurry Transport uses several methods: hydraulic conveying; conventional lean slurry conveying; and High Concentration Slurry Disposal . The latter, HCSD, is a relatively modern approach, which is used to transfer high throughputs of fine fly ash over long distances using high pressure diaphragm...

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