Solanum lanceolatum
Encyclopedia
Solanum lanceolatum is a species
of nightshade
that is endemic to California
. It is a shrub that s sometimes grown as an ornamental plant
. Its flowers are light purple. All parts of the plants are toxic if eaten.
This plant was variously considered a variety of other Solanum species. It was included in S. glutinosum as var. irazuense by Kuntze (note that there was also a S. irazuense, which is the same as S. pubigerum. It was included in S. corymbosum of von Jacquin
(a valid species), and in S. hernandesii (which is S. ferrugineum nowadays) as var. corymbosum by Dunal – not to be confused with the S. corymbosum of Wight based on Nees (which is the same as the nomen nudum
S. vagum of B. Heyne, based on N. Wallich
). Like many nightshade species, it was also included in S. torvum
, in its case by Otto Sendtner
as var. schiedeanum.
Meanwhile, the taxon
S. lanceolatum had also been used for other Solanum species in error. As used by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez
, it refers to S. ruizii. The S. lanceolatum of Berthault is S. cardiophyllum as described by John Lindley
.
There are also a number of now-invalid names where the Orangeberry Nightshade was considered a distinct species. Many of these are also homonym
s of other Solanum taxa:
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
of nightshade
Solanum
Solanum, the nightshades, horsenettles and relatives, is a large and diverse genus of annual and perennial plants. They grow as forbs, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees, and often have attractive fruit and flowers. Many formerly independent genera like Lycopersicon or Cyphomandra are...
that is endemic to California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
. It is a shrub that s sometimes grown as an ornamental plant
Ornamental plant
Ornamental plants are plants that are grown for decorative purposes in gardens and landscape design projects, as house plants, for cut flowers and specimen display...
. Its flowers are light purple. All parts of the plants are toxic if eaten.
This plant was variously considered a variety of other Solanum species. It was included in S. glutinosum as var. irazuense by Kuntze (note that there was also a S. irazuense, which is the same as S. pubigerum. It was included in S. corymbosum of von Jacquin
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin
Nikolaus Joseph Freiherr von Jacquin or Baron Nikolaus von Jacquin. was a scientist who studied medicine, chemistry and botany....
(a valid species), and in S. hernandesii (which is S. ferrugineum nowadays) as var. corymbosum by Dunal – not to be confused with the S. corymbosum of Wight based on Nees (which is the same as the nomen nudum
Nomen nudum
The phrase nomen nudum is a Latin term, meaning "naked name", used in taxonomy...
S. vagum of B. Heyne, based on N. Wallich
Nathaniel Wallich
Nathaniel Wallich was a surgeon and botanist of Danish origin who worked in India initially in the Danish settlement near Calcutta and later joined the East India Company...
). Like many nightshade species, it was also included in S. torvum
Solanum torvum
Solanum torvum , is a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant. Grafted plants are very vigorous and tolerate diseases affecting the root system, thus allowing the crop to continue for a second year.It is also known as Devil's Fig, Prickly Nightshade,...
, in its case by Otto Sendtner
Otto Sendtner
Otto Sendtner was a German botanist and phytogeographer born in Munich.He received his education at the University of Munich, where he was a student of Karl Friedrich Schimper...
as var. schiedeanum.
Meanwhile, the taxon
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...
S. lanceolatum had also been used for other Solanum species in error. As used by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez
José Antonio Pavón Jiménez
José Antonio Pavón Jiménez or José Antonio Pavón was a Spanish botanist known for researching the flora of Peru and Chile during an expedition under Carlos III from 1777 to 1788...
, it refers to S. ruizii. The S. lanceolatum of Berthault is S. cardiophyllum as described by John Lindley
John Lindley
John Lindley FRS was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist.-Early years:Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley was a nurseryman and pomologist and ran a commercial nursery garden...
.
There are also a number of now-invalid names where the Orangeberry Nightshade was considered a distinct species. Many of these are also homonym
Homonym
In linguistics, a homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that often but not necessarily share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings...
s of other Solanum taxa:
- Solanum amictum Dunal
- S. amictum var. fructipendulum is S. rudepannum.
- Solanum bifidum Sessé & Moc. (non Dunal in DC.: preoccupied)
- The S. bifidum described by Dunal in de Candolle is S. lepidotum. That described by de Conceição VellozoJosé Mariano de Conceição VellozoJosé Mariano de Conceição Vellozo was a Brazilian botanist who catalogued specimens, for example: Cedrela fissilis Vell. in Florae Fluminensis...
from Dunal in DC. is S. subumbellatum.- Solanum canescens Pav. ex Dunal (non Blume: preoccupied)
- S. canescens as described by Blume is an undetermined species. The S. canescens of L.C. RichardLouis Claude RichardLouis Claude Marie Richard was a French botanist.Richard was born at Versailles. Between 1781 and 1789 he collected botanical specimens in Central America and the West Indies...
based on Dunal in de Candolle is the S. asperum of L.C. Richard. That described by KitaibelPál KitaibelPál Kitaibel was a Hungarian botanist and chemist.He was born at Mattersburg and studied botany and chemistry at the undersity of Buda. He became professor taught these subjects at Pest in 1794...
is S. villosum of Philip MillerPhilip MillerPhilip Miller FRS was a Scottish botanist.Miller was chief gardener at the Chelsea Physic Garden from 1722 until he was pressured to retire shortly before his death...
.- Solanum cinerascens Pav. ex Dunal
- Solanum cymosum Ortega
- The S. cymosum described by Banks from Dunal in de Candolle is S. viridifolium. The one described by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez is S. corymbosum of von Jacquin.
- Solanum densiflorum M.Martens & Galeotti
- As described by Otto Sendtner in von MartiusCarl Friedrich Philipp von MartiusCarl Friedrich Philipp von Martius was a German botanist and explorer.Martius was born at Erlangen, where he graduated M.D. in 1814, publishing as his thesis a critical catalogue of plants in the botanic garden of the university...
, S. densiflorum refers to S. piluliferum. As described by Dunal in de Candolle, it refers to the indeterminable S. athroanthum.- Solanum floccosum M.Martens & Galeotti (non Zipp. ex Span.: preoccupied)
- S. floccosum Zipp. ex Span. is an undetermined species. As described by Dunal in de Candolle it refers to S. pachimatium.
- Solanum hartwegii Benth.
- Solanum inaequale Hornem.
- S. inaequale of de Conceição Vellozo is S. pseudoquina. The one described by C. Presl is S. lanceifolium of von Jacquin.
- Solanum lambertii Dunal
- Solanum lanceolatum var. sinuatum Dunal
- Solanum leiboldianum Dunal
- Solanum macrophyllum Hort. ex Dunal
- Solanum mexicanum Dunal
- Solanum mexicanum var. albiflorum Dunal
- The S. mexicanum described by WilldenowCarl Ludwig WilldenowCarl Ludwig Willdenow was a German botanist, pharmacist, and plant taxonomist. He is considered one of the founders of phytogeography, the study of the geographic distribution of plants...
from J.J. RoemerJohann Jacob RoemerJohann Jacob Roemer was a physician and professor of botany in Zurich, Switzerland. He was also an entomologist.With Austrian botanist Joseph August Schultes, he published the 16th edition of Carolus Linnaeus' Systema Vegetabilium....
& J.A. SchultesJosef August SchultesJosef August Schultes 1773-1831 was an Austrian botanist and professor in Vienna. Together with Johann Jacob Roemer, he published the 16th edition of Linnaeus' Systema Vegetabilium. In 1821, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.Father of Julius Hermann...
is S. pubigerum. The one described by Sessé & MociñoJosé Mariano MociñoJosé Mariano Mociño Suárez Lozano , or simply José Mariano Mociño, was a naturalist from New Spain.After having studied philosophy and medicine, he conducted early research on the ecology , geology, and anthropology of his country and other parts of North America.- Biography :He was born in...
is S. bulbocastanumSolanum bulbocastanumSolanum bulbocastanum is a plant in the Solanaceae family, native to Mexico and parts of the U.S. Southwest. It is closely related to the potato and, as it has evolved strong resistance to all known varieties of potato blight, has been used to genetically engineer resistance into the cultivated...
.- Solanum schiedeanum Schltdl.
- Solanum vellereum Schltdl.