South African Class 10C 4-6-2
Encyclopedia
In 1910 the Central South African Railways
placed twelve Class 10-C 4-6-2
Pacific steam locomotive
s in service. When the South African Railways was established in 1912, these locomotives were renumbered and reclassified to Class 10C.
They were built for the CSAR by the North British Locomotive Company
(NBL) and were classified as Class 10-C, numbered 1003 to 1014. As built, they used saturated steam and had Belpaire firebox
es and Walschaerts valve gear.
(CGR), Natal Government Railways
(NGR) and CSAR were amalgamated into one national carrier for the Union of South Africa
, they were renumbered 767 to 778 and reclassified to Class 10C.
. Their new tenders, with works numbers D1540/1 to D1540/12, were numbered N1 to N12.
In order to enhance their performance in their new role as main line locomotives, these locomotives were soon reboilered and equipped with superheaters, but they retained their Class 10C classifcation.
All but two of the Class 10C locomotives, numbers 772 and 776, were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 1 boilers and reclassified to Class 10CR.
An obvious visual difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive. In the case of the Class 10CR locomotives an even more obvious visual difference was the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotives.
The table displays the locomotive and tender works numbers, the CSAR to SAR renumbering and the tender numbers for the Class 10C and 10CR locomotives.
With the new larger tenders they were therefore put to work on the Kimberley-Klerksdorp line. When this line was eventually relaid with heavier rails, they were displaced by larger and more powerful locomotives and transferred to Cape Town, where most of the Class 10CR worked the local inter-urban services until they were later relegated to shunting and goods pickup work for the rest of their years.
The two remaining Class 10C locomotives went to Bloemfontein to assist with shunting. After the entire Class was withdrawn in 1973, number 771 was sold to Lorraine gold mine in the Free State. After being retired from mine service, it was obtained by Sandstone Estates
in 2011 for restoration.
Central South African Railways
From 1902 to 1904, the area of power of Lieutenant-Colonel Sir Percy Girouard later also included the lines of The Netherlands-South African Railway Company; together this dominion covered all lines in the Transvaal that belonged to NZASM ....
placed twelve Class 10-C 4-6-2
4-6-2
4-6-2, in the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, represents the wheel arrangement of four leading wheels on two axles , six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and two trailing wheels on one axle .These locomotives are also known as Pacifics...
Pacific steam locomotive
Steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive that produces its power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning some combustible material, usually coal, wood or oil, to produce steam in a boiler, which drives the steam engine...
s in service. When the South African Railways was established in 1912, these locomotives were renumbered and reclassified to Class 10C.
Manufacturer
In 1910 twelve light 4-6-2 Pacific passenger locomotives were placed in service by the Central South African Railways (CSAR). Designed by G.G. Elliot, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME) of the CSAR, they were built along similar lines to the Class 10-2 that had been delivered to the CSAR in that same year, but they were slightly smaller and with smaller driving wheels.They were built for the CSAR by the North British Locomotive Company
North British Locomotive Company
The North British Locomotive Company was created in 1903 through the merger of three Glasgow locomotive manufacturing companies; Sharp Stewart and Company , Neilson, Reid and Company and Dübs and Company , creating the largest locomotive manufacturing company in Europe.Its main factories were...
(NBL) and were classified as Class 10-C, numbered 1003 to 1014. As built, they used saturated steam and had Belpaire firebox
Belpaire firebox
The Belpaire firebox is a type of firebox used on steam locomotives. It was invented by Alfred Belpaire of Belgium. It has a greater surface area at the top of the firebox, improving heat transfer and steam production...
es and Walschaerts valve gear.
Renumbering
With the establishment of the South African Railways (SAR) in 1912, when the former Cape Government RailwaysCape Government Railways
The Cape Government Railways was the government-owned railway operator in the Cape Colony from 1874 until the creation of the South African Railways in 1910.-Private railways:...
(CGR), Natal Government Railways
Natal government railways
The Natal Government Railways was formed in January 1877 in the Colony of Natal.In 1877 the Natal Government Railways acquired the Natal Railway Company for the sum of £40,000, gaining the line from the Point to Durban and from Durban to Umgeni...
(NGR) and CSAR were amalgamated into one national carrier for the Union of South Africa
Union of South Africa
The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day Republic of South Africa. It came into being on 31 May 1910 with the unification of the previously separate colonies of the Cape, Natal, Transvaal and the Orange Free State...
, they were renumbered 767 to 778 and reclassified to Class 10C.
Superheating and tenders
They were intended for light workings on the Reef and were delivered with comparatively small tenders with a coal capacity of 6 long tons (6.1 t) and 2600 gallons (11,819.8 l) of water, but since they were soon found to be capable of handling main line passenger trains, an order for new larger Type XM2 tenders was placed with Robert Stephenson and CompanyRobert Stephenson and Company
Robert Stephenson and Company was a locomotive manufacturing company founded in 1823. It was the first company set up specifically to build railway engines.- Foundation and early success :...
. Their new tenders, with works numbers D1540/1 to D1540/12, were numbered N1 to N12.
In order to enhance their performance in their new role as main line locomotives, these locomotives were soon reboilered and equipped with superheaters, but they retained their Class 10C classifcation.
Watson standard boilers
In the 1930s many serving locomotives were reboilered with a standard boiler type designed by then CME A.G. Watson as part of his standardisation policy. Such Watson Standard reboilered locomotives were reclassified by adding an "R" suffix to their classification.All but two of the Class 10C locomotives, numbers 772 and 776, were eventually reboilered with Watson Standard no. 1 boilers and reclassified to Class 10CR.
An obvious visual difference between an original and a Watson Standard reboilered locomotive is usually a rectangular regulator cover just to the rear of the chimney on the reboilered locomotive. In the case of the Class 10CR locomotives an even more obvious visual difference was the absence of the Belpaire firebox hump between the cab and boiler on the reboilered locomotives.
The table displays the locomotive and tender works numbers, the CSAR to SAR renumbering and the tender numbers for the Class 10C and 10CR locomotives.
| Works No. |
CSAR No. |
SAR No. |
Tender Works No. |
Tender No. |
Class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19195 | 1003 | 767 | D1540/1 | N1 | 10CR |
| 19196 | 1004 | 768 | D1540/2 | N2 | 10CR |
| 19197 | 1005 | 769 | D1540/3 | N3 | 10CR |
| 19198 | 1006 | 770 | D1540/4 | N4 | 10CR |
| 19199 | 1007 | 771 | D1540/5 | N5 | 10CR |
| 19200 | 1008 | 772 | D1540/6 | N6 | 10C |
| 19201 | 1009 | 773 | D1540/7 | N7 | 10CR |
| 19202 | 1010 | 774 | D1540/8 | N8 | 10CR |
| 19203 | 1011 | 775 | D1540/9 | N9 | 10CR |
| 19204 | 1012 | 776 | D1540/10 | N10 | 10C |
| 19205 | 1013 | 777 | D1540/11 | N11 | 10CR |
| 19206 | 1014 | 778 | D1540/12 | N12 | 10CR |
Service
The Class 10C was placed in service on light workings on the Reef. In March 1922 one of them, number 775 with a new larger tender, worked a special Johannesburg-Cape Town fast passenger train over the Klerksdorp-Kimberley section. The locomotive covered the 182 miles (293 km) with the 320 long tons (325.1 t) train in 5 hours 55 minutes, including 34 minutes that were lost taking water and attending to a hot running big-end bearing, attaining an average speed of 33.75 miles per hour (54 km/h). This was a creditable performance for a comparatively small locomotive with only 57 inches (1,447.8 mm) driving wheels and which, at the time, was not yet superheated.With the new larger tenders they were therefore put to work on the Kimberley-Klerksdorp line. When this line was eventually relaid with heavier rails, they were displaced by larger and more powerful locomotives and transferred to Cape Town, where most of the Class 10CR worked the local inter-urban services until they were later relegated to shunting and goods pickup work for the rest of their years.
The two remaining Class 10C locomotives went to Bloemfontein to assist with shunting. After the entire Class was withdrawn in 1973, number 771 was sold to Lorraine gold mine in the Free State. After being retired from mine service, it was obtained by Sandstone Estates
Sandstone Estates
Sandstone Estates are an extensive farming complex located in Free State, South Africa, close to Bloemfontein. Owned by entrepreneur Wilf Mole, they are also a global-scale hub of transport preservation.-Farm:...
in 2011 for restoration.
Gallery
The main picture shows Watson Standard reboilered Class 10CR 778, with a large dome, passing through Woltemade No. 4 near Cape Town, circa 1930. Woltemade No. 4 no longer exists and was situated between the present day Thornton and Goodwood stations on the line from Cape Town to Bellville.See also
- South African Class 10 4-6-2South African Class 10 4-6-2In 1904 the Central South African Railways placed fifteen Class 10 steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific wheel arrangement in service. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered but retained their Class 10 classification.-Manufacturer:Fifteen 4-6-2...
- South African Class 10A 4-6-2South African Class 10A 4-6-2In 1910 the Central South African Railways placed ten Class 10-2 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotives in service, of which five were built with and five without superheaters...
- South African Class 10B 4-6-2South African Class 10B 4-6-2In March 1910 the Central South African Railways placed ten Class 10-2 steam locomotives with a 4-6-2 Pacific wheel arrangement in service, of which five were built with and five without superheaters. In 1912, when the five superheated locomotives were assimilated into the South African Railways,...
- South African Class 10D 4-6-2South African Class 10D 4-6-2In 1910 the Central South African Railways placed one American built Class 10 4-6-2 Pacific steam locomotive in service. When the South African Railways was established in 1912, this locomotive was renumbered and reclassified to the sole Class 10D....
- Tender locomotive numbering and classification
- Watson Standard boilers
- The 4-6-2 "Pacific"
- List of South African locomotive classes