South African rebel tours
Encyclopedia
The South African rebel tours were a series of seven cricket
tours staged between 1982 and 1990. They were known as the rebel tours because South Africa
was throughout this period banned from international cricket
due to the apartheid regime. As such the tours were organised and conducted despite the express disapproval of national cricket boards and governments, and the International Cricket Conference
and international organisations including the United Nations
. The tours were the subject of enormous contemporaneous controversy and remain a sensitive topic throughout the cricket-playing world.
and Olympic exclusion in 1968, only white athletes had been allowed to represent South Africa in international sport. This position reflected their apartheid society (1948 onwards) and racist social conventions pre-dating apartheid. In 1971 an international sports boycott was instituted against South Africa to voice global disapproval of their racist selection policies and apartheid in general. South Africa became world sport’s pariah, excluded from the Olympics, the FIFA World Cup
, Test cricket
and a host of minority sports.
The boycott effected measurable change on policy and opinion in sports selection – and cricket in particular. In 1976 the South African Cricket Union (SACU) was created to administer the game in the republic on a multi-racial, meritocratic basis: so-called ‘normal’ cricket. However this was insufficient to ensure South Africa’s re-admission to international cricket. Inside the republic, many non-whites resented ‘normal’ cricket, which was a feeble concession in the wider context of life under apartheid, and declined to take part. Outside the republic, the ICC bloc of India, Pakistan and the West Indies refused to countenance re-admission until apartheid itself was dismantled.
After a decade’s isolation, cricket in the republic was weak. Standards, attendances and child participation were all falling. Overseas the game had been revolutionised by the World Cup
and World Series Cricket
but isolation had deprived South Africa of these commercial and competitive engines. Then in 1979 Doug Insole
, an English representative on the ICC
, told SACU’s Dr Ali Bacher
: 'Until apartheid goes, you can forget about getting back into world cricket.'
Bacher and SACU felt obliged to act to "keep the game alive in South Africa". Since players were endangering their careers by breaking the boycott, SACU had to offer substantial sums to entice their targets. These rebels would play ‘unofficial’ internationals against a Springbok team who considered themselves as strong as any team in world cricket except the West Indies. In the earliest rebel tours Mike Procter
and Peter Kirsten
captained home teams featuring Barry Richards
, Graeme Pollock
, Clive Rice
and Garth Le Roux
. By their conclusion in 1990 these men had retired and were replaced by the likes of Hansie Cronje
and Allan Donald
.
The boycott movement opposed any such tours. They felt that engagement lent credibility and a propaganda
coup to the National Party
. But SACU insisted that all funding came directly from commercial sponsorship and that the tours would be conducted independently of government. Initially at least overseas opponents could not prove otherwise while inside South Africa non-white opposition, as under apartheid more generally, was barely heard due to restrictions on freedoms of press
, speech
and assembly
.
in March 1982. Twelve cricketers, 11 of them with Test caps, had agreed in secret to make a one-month tour of the republic. The news only broke when they arrived in Johannesburg. The players expected a brief public outcry and ICC slap on the wrist. Instead they were the subject of global outrage among press and politicians, and labelled ‘the Dirty Dozen’ in the Houses of Parliament.
The reaction in South Africa could not have been more different. The government and white newspapers hailed the return of official international cricket. Apart from Ian Botham
, it was said, this was the full-strength England team. Springbok colours were awarded to the home side in a series of three ‘Tests’. There were also three ‘one-day internationals’.
The on-field action “made a mockery of the immense off-field publicity”. The so-called South African Breweries XI were under-prepared and, with the exception of Gooch and Emburey, either past their best or fairly marginal members of the England side (in fact, Taylor and later call-ups Humpage and Sidebottom hadn't played a Test for England at the time). They were beaten emphatically by a South Africa team for whom the uncapped Jimmy Cook
and Vintcent van der Bijl
starred. The Springboks, captained by Mike Procter, won the ‘Test’ series 1-0 and ‘ODI’ series 3-0.
The rebels, who numbered 15 after hiring three further players to cover injuries, all received three-year bans from international cricket. These suspensions ended the careers of more than half the squad including Geoffrey Boycott
, the world’s leading Test run-scorer. Lever (1), Sidebottom (1), Taylor (2), Willey (6) and Larkins (7) each played a few more Tests, but only Gooch and Emburey had extensive Test careers afterwards.
was a fledgling Test nation in 1982, playing their inaugural match against England at Colombo
in February of that year. Bandula Warnapura
’s side were beaten by seven wickets against an experienced visiting team and would fail to win four further Tests as the year progressed.
Then in October it was announced that Warnapura was leading a 14-man rebel squad to South Africa. The team would be called Arosa Sri Lanka after the initials of their player manager Anthony Ralph Opatha
and the host nation. The players were vehemently denounced across India
, Pakistan
and the Caribbean
as well as in their homeland.
For the second successive tour, white South Africa was forced to put on a brave front in acclaiming sporting triumph where there was none. A full-strength Sri Lankan team was some way off international competitiveness so it was little surprise that a makeshift rebel outfit was utterly humiliated, failing to win a single tour match. Now captained by Peter Kirsten
of Western Province, South Africa comfortably won all four ‘ODIs’ and both ‘Tests’. Lawrence Seef, who replaced the injured Barry Richards
, and Graeme Pollock
made 188 and 197 respectively in the second ‘Test’ but protested that the matches could not be classed as international cricket. SACU, trying to protect the ‘unofficial international’ brand it had created, fined them for the admission.
Life became very difficult for the Sri Lankans who were ostracised at home for a decision many called treasonous.
had little need for the likes of Lawrence Rowe
, Collis King
and Sylvester Clarke
. Rowe has since stated that he and several other players were disillusioned with the West Indies Cricket board for not selecting them despite good performances
The strength of Caribbean cricket was evidenced in the ‘international’ matches, where South Africa received their first real test. A fiercely contested four-week series in 1982-3 took ‘unofficial internationals’ to new heights, the Springboks winning the one-day series 4-2 while the ‘Test’ series was drawn 1-1. The dominant theme of the match-ups was West Indian fast bowling. Colin Croft
was one of four World Cup winners in the party. Their pace battery, featuring Clarke, Croft, Bernard Julien
and Ezra Moseley
, terrified Springbok batsmen who were forced to wear helmets for the first time.
The frantic first series, again organised in secret and conducted on the hoof, set up a fierce battle when the West Indians returned for a full tour the following season. Clarke was by now the dominant player on either side, claiming four five-wicket hauls in the 2-1 ‘Test’ series win. The West Indian XI also won the one-day series 4-2, helped slightly by the Springboks weakening: Barry Richards and Vince van der Bijl retired in 1983, and Mike Procter, 36, played only a single ‘one-day’ international over both tours. Henry Fotheringham
, Ken McEwan
, Rupert Hanley
, Dave Richardson and Mandy Yachad
made their debuts for South Africa. Clive Rice
was handed the captaincy for the 3rd and 4th "Tests" after the sacking of Peter Kirsten
for the ‘ODI’ series defeat. Kirsten maintained his place in the team and top scored in the next match. Graham Gooch
played against the West Indies team during both tours as a member of a South African provincial side.
The improvement in the on-field action was in strict contrast to the off-field environment. South Africa stood permanently on the brink of civil war as PW Botha’s brutal government repressed the black majority and excluded them from a new ‘multi-racial’ parliament. This oppression was met with violent reprisals while the rebels were controversial figures in the townships that had worshipped West Indian cricketers only to see them collaborating with the apartheid enemy.
The participants received a life ban from Caribbean cricket in 1983. In many instances, they were ostracised socially and professionally, such was the hostility toward players that complied with the South African apartheid system. In contrast, the players commented on a warm reception from both blacks and whites in South Africa and the tour may have been a positive influence on relations between races. It was one of the few occasions when white and black people had played sport together in South Africa. The players' bans were lifted in 1989 but the only tour member who played for West Indies again was Moseley, at the age of 32. Stephenson and Clarke had very successful first-class careers in South Africa.
A fierce battle raged – and continues to rage – about the wisdom of the West Indian tours. Were the rebels, as they themselves insisted, showing white South Africa that black men were their equals as the republic stumbled towards democracy? Or, as their detractors still maintain, had they sold themselves and their dignity to extend the life of a disgraced and barbarous government?
ns were led by former Test captain Kim Hughes
, with South Africa winning both "Test" series 1–0. The squad included several players who represented Australia at Test level, such as fast bowlers Terry Alderman
, Rodney Hogg
and Carl Rackemann
, spinners Trevor Hohns
and Tom Hogan
opening batsman John Dyson
and Steve Smith. The tour weakened the Australian Test side by depriving it of several of its best players; the tour prompted Australian prime minister Bob Hawke
to call the group "traitors" and in retrospect has been called "one of the most painful and traumatic moments in Australian cricket history."
Hughes accused the Australian Cricket Board
of fostering dissatisfaction among the players, making recruitment for the rebel tours easy. Hughes never played international cricket again and later returned to South Africa to play for Natal. However, Alderman, Hohns and Rackemann returned to represent Australia in later series.
On the first Australian tour, 1985–86, fast bowlers Hugh Page
and Corrie van Zyl
made their debuts for South Africa. During the second tour in 1986-87, batsman Brian Whitfield
and spinner Omar Henry
who became the second non-white player to represent South Africa, and two future stars, all-rounder Brian McMillan
and fast bowler Allan Donald
made their South African debuts. Kepler Wessels
played for the Australian team on their second tour.
South Africa won both ‘Test’ series 1-0, both ‘ODI’ series and a ‘day-night’ series. Yet the on-field action could never escape the shadow of apartheid. Newspaper revelations in January 1986 revealed what non-white leaders in South Africa and anti-apartheid campaigners worldwide had been claiming for years: the tours were not funded by business, as Ali Bacher and SACU had always insisted, but by the apartheid government through enormous tax breaks.
. The team included former and current England players such as batsmen Tim Robinson
, Bill Athey
and Chris Broad
, wicketkeeper Bruce French, and the fast bowlers Paul Jarvis
, Graham Dilley
and Neil Foster
.
Kepler Wessels
returned to represent the land of his birth. Roy Pienaar
, Dave Rundle and Richard Snell made their debuts for South Africa. Jimmy Cook
was appointed as South African captain and Allan Donald
took 8 wickets for 59 in the match. South Africa went on to win the only 'Test'. England lost the limited overs series 3–1.
Most of the squad did not play for England again. Gatting served a three-year ban from Test cricket before his recall to the England side for the tour of India
and Sri Lanka
in 1992–93, along with John Emburey
and Paul Jarvis
. Emburey made both rebel tours and served two suspensions. Foster subsequently played a solitary Test, against Australia at Lord's in 1993, as did Alan Wells (against the West Indies in 1995).
The squad for the rebel tour was announced during the fourth Test of the 1989 The Ashes
series in England. Players in the squad were not considered for the rest of the series, which allowed future long-term England players, batsman Michael Atherton and fast bowler Devon Malcolm
, an opportunity to make their England debuts.
The tour was a financial disaster as it coincided with the "unbanning" of the African National Congress
and the release from prison of Nelson Mandela
. As South Africa began the dismantling of apartheid, Ali Bacher
was surprised at the scale of the mass demonstrations against the tour as previous rebel tours had passed smoothly in the country. The second tour scheduled for 1990-91 was cancelled.
, Denys Hobson
, Kevin McKenzie, Alan Kourie
, Brian Whitfield
, Kenny Watson
, Roy Pienaar
, Hugh Page
, Ray Jennings
, Henry Fotheringham
, Lawrence Seeff
, Stephen Jefferies
, Ken McEwan
and Garth le Roux
all retired or were beyond their prime before official international cricket resumed for South Africa. Before isolation, Graeme Pollock
(23 Tests), Mike Procter
(7 Tests) and Barry Richards (4 Tests) had played official Test cricket.
South Africa resumed official international cricket in 1991 with a short tour of India
, and participation in the 1992 Cricket World Cup
in Australia and New Zealand
. Clive Rice
(3), Corrie van Zyl
(2), Dave Rundle (2) and Mandy Yachad
(1), only played in official ODIs for South Africa. Being in the twilight of their careers, Jimmy Cook
played 3 Tests and 6 ODIs, Peter Kirsten
12 Tests and 40 ODIs, Adrian Kuiper
1 Test and 25 ODIs and Omar Henry
3 Tests and 3 ODIs. Allan Donald
, 72 Tests and 164 ODIs, Brian McMillan
38 Tests and 78 ODIs and Dave Richardson 42 Tests and 122 ODIs, became the backbone of the new Protea outfit, and to a lesser extent, Richard Snell who played in 5 Tests and 42 ODIs. Kepler Wessels
became captain of the team and played in 16 Tests and 55 ODIs for South Africa. During the years of isolation, Wessels played for Australia
in 24 Tests and 54 ODIs.
All of the matches played during the rebel tours were granted first-class status, which was subsequently withdrawn by the International Cricket Council
in 1993. As of August 2007, the ICC is reviewing the status of all matches played in South Africa between 1961 and 1991, including those played during the rebel tours, with a view to restoring first-class status to some matches.
Bowlers
Wicketkeeping
Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of 11 players on an oval-shaped field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. One team bats, trying to score as many runs as possible while the other team bowls and fields, trying to dismiss the batsmen and thus limit the...
tours staged between 1982 and 1990. They were known as the rebel tours because South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
was throughout this period banned from international cricket
Sporting boycott of South Africa
South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport or to end apartheid altogether.-United Nations:...
due to the apartheid regime. As such the tours were organised and conducted despite the express disapproval of national cricket boards and governments, and the International Cricket Conference
International Cricket Council
The International Cricket Council is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989.The...
and international organisations including the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
. The tours were the subject of enormous contemporaneous controversy and remain a sensitive topic throughout the cricket-playing world.
Origins
Until the D’Oliveira affairBasil D'Oliveira
Basil Lewis D'Oliveira CBE , known affectionately around the world as "Dolly", was a South African-born English cricketer. D'Oliveira was classified as 'coloured' under the apartheid regime, and hence barred from first-class cricket, resulting in his emigration to England...
and Olympic exclusion in 1968, only white athletes had been allowed to represent South Africa in international sport. This position reflected their apartheid society (1948 onwards) and racist social conventions pre-dating apartheid. In 1971 an international sports boycott was instituted against South Africa to voice global disapproval of their racist selection policies and apartheid in general. South Africa became world sport’s pariah, excluded from the Olympics, the FIFA World Cup
FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often simply the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of Fédération Internationale de Football Association , the sport's global governing body...
, Test cricket
Test cricket
Test cricket is the longest form of the sport of cricket. Test matches are played between national representative teams with "Test status", as determined by the International Cricket Council , with four innings played between two teams of 11 players over a period of up to a maximum five days...
and a host of minority sports.
The boycott effected measurable change on policy and opinion in sports selection – and cricket in particular. In 1976 the South African Cricket Union (SACU) was created to administer the game in the republic on a multi-racial, meritocratic basis: so-called ‘normal’ cricket. However this was insufficient to ensure South Africa’s re-admission to international cricket. Inside the republic, many non-whites resented ‘normal’ cricket, which was a feeble concession in the wider context of life under apartheid, and declined to take part. Outside the republic, the ICC bloc of India, Pakistan and the West Indies refused to countenance re-admission until apartheid itself was dismantled.
After a decade’s isolation, cricket in the republic was weak. Standards, attendances and child participation were all falling. Overseas the game had been revolutionised by the World Cup
Cricket World Cup
The ICC Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of men's One Day International cricket. The event is organised by the sport's governing body, the International Cricket Council , with preliminary qualification rounds leading up to a finals tournament which is held every four years...
and World Series Cricket
World Series Cricket
World Series Cricket was a break away professional cricket competition staged between 1977 and 1979 and organised by Kerry Packer for his Australian television network, Nine Network. The matches ran in opposition to established international cricket...
but isolation had deprived South Africa of these commercial and competitive engines. Then in 1979 Doug Insole
Doug Insole
Doug Insole CBE is a former English cricketer, who played for Cambridge University, Essex and in nine Test matches for England, five of them on the 1956-57 tour of South Africa, where he was vice-captain to Peter May...
, an English representative on the ICC
International Cricket Council
The International Cricket Council is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989.The...
, told SACU’s Dr Ali Bacher
Ali Bacher
Aron "Ali" Bacher is a former South African Test cricketer and an administrator of the United Cricket Board of South Africa.-Biography:...
: 'Until apartheid goes, you can forget about getting back into world cricket.'
Bacher and SACU felt obliged to act to "keep the game alive in South Africa". Since players were endangering their careers by breaking the boycott, SACU had to offer substantial sums to entice their targets. These rebels would play ‘unofficial’ internationals against a Springbok team who considered themselves as strong as any team in world cricket except the West Indies. In the earliest rebel tours Mike Procter
Mike Procter
Michael John Procter is a former South African cricketer. A fast bowler and hard hitting batsman, his chances for a long and productive test career were wrecked by South Africa's banishment from world cricket in the 1970s and 1980s...
and Peter Kirsten
Peter Kirsten
Peter Noel Kirsten is a former cricketer who represented South Africa in 12 Tests and 40 One Day Internationals from 1991 to 1994.-Cricket career:...
captained home teams featuring Barry Richards
Barry Richards
Barry Anderson Richards is a former South African batsman. A right-handed "talent of such enormous stature", Richards is considered one of South Africa's most successful cricketers. He was able to play only four Test matches - all against Australia - before South Africa's exclusion from the...
, Graeme Pollock
Graeme Pollock
Robert Graeme Pollock, known as Graeme, is a former cricketer. He played in 23 Test matches for South Africa and represented Transvaal and Eastern Province at domestic level....
, Clive Rice
Clive Rice
Clive Edward Butler Rice is a former South African international cricketer. An all-rounder, Rice ended his first class cricket career with a batting average of 40.95 and a bowling average of 22.49....
and Garth Le Roux
Garth Le Roux
Garth Stirling Le Roux in Kenilworth, Cape Town is a former South African first class cricketer. He went to Wynberg Boys High School, graduating in 1973....
. By their conclusion in 1990 these men had retired and were replaced by the likes of Hansie Cronje
Hansie Cronje
Wessel Johannes "Hansie" Cronje was a South African cricketer and captain of the South African national cricket team in the 1990s...
and Allan Donald
Allan Donald
Allan Anthony Donald is a former South African cricketer and one of their most successful pace bowlers.In his prime, he was one of the best fast bowlers ever seen in Test cricket, reaching the top of the ICC Test rankings in 1998 and peaked with a top ICC ranking of 895 points the next year, the...
.
The boycott movement opposed any such tours. They felt that engagement lent credibility and a propaganda
Propaganda
Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position so as to benefit oneself or one's group....
coup to the National Party
National Party (South Africa)
The National Party is a former political party in South Africa. Founded in 1914, it was the governing party of the country from 4 June 1948 until 9 May 1994. Members of the National Party were sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats. Its policies included apartheid, the establishment of a...
. But SACU insisted that all funding came directly from commercial sponsorship and that the tours would be conducted independently of government. Initially at least overseas opponents could not prove otherwise while inside South Africa non-white opposition, as under apartheid more generally, was barely heard due to restrictions on freedoms of press
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the freedom of communication and expression through vehicles including various electronic media and published materials...
, speech
Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without censorship. The term freedom of expression is sometimes used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used...
and assembly
Freedom of assembly
Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend common interests...
.
English XI, 1982
The first major tour was by an English team led by Graham GoochGraham Gooch
Graham Alan Gooch OBE DL is a former cricketer who captained Essex and England. He was one of the most successful international batsmen of his generation, and through a career spanning from 1973 until 2000, he became the most prolific run scorer of all time with 67,057 runs...
in March 1982. Twelve cricketers, 11 of them with Test caps, had agreed in secret to make a one-month tour of the republic. The news only broke when they arrived in Johannesburg. The players expected a brief public outcry and ICC slap on the wrist. Instead they were the subject of global outrage among press and politicians, and labelled ‘the Dirty Dozen’ in the Houses of Parliament.
The reaction in South Africa could not have been more different. The government and white newspapers hailed the return of official international cricket. Apart from Ian Botham
Ian Botham
Sir Ian Terence Botham OBE is a former England Test cricketer and Test team captain, and current cricket commentator. He was a genuine all-rounder with 14 centuries and 383 wickets in Test cricket, and remains well-known by his nickname "Beefy"...
, it was said, this was the full-strength England team. Springbok colours were awarded to the home side in a series of three ‘Tests’. There were also three ‘one-day internationals’.
The on-field action “made a mockery of the immense off-field publicity”. The so-called South African Breweries XI were under-prepared and, with the exception of Gooch and Emburey, either past their best or fairly marginal members of the England side (in fact, Taylor and later call-ups Humpage and Sidebottom hadn't played a Test for England at the time). They were beaten emphatically by a South Africa team for whom the uncapped Jimmy Cook
Jimmy Cook
Stephen James Cook is a former South African cricketer who played in three Tests and four ODIs from 1991 to 1993. His son Stephen Cook currently plays for Gauteng....
and Vintcent van der Bijl
Vintcent van der Bijl
Vintcent Adriaan Pieter van der Bijl was a South African cricketer. He was born in Rondebosch, Cape Town on 19 March 1948, where his father, Pieter van der Bijl, was headmaster of the Diocesan College Preparatory School after retiring from playing first-class cricket for Western Province and...
starred. The Springboks, captained by Mike Procter, won the ‘Test’ series 1-0 and ‘ODI’ series 3-0.
The rebels, who numbered 15 after hiring three further players to cover injuries, all received three-year bans from international cricket. These suspensions ended the careers of more than half the squad including Geoffrey Boycott
Geoffrey Boycott
Geoffrey Boycott OBE is a former Yorkshire and England cricketer. In a prolific and sometimes controversial playing career from 1962 to 1986, Boycott established himself as one of England's most successful opening batsmen...
, the world’s leading Test run-scorer. Lever (1), Sidebottom (1), Taylor (2), Willey (6) and Larkins (7) each played a few more Tests, but only Gooch and Emburey had extensive Test careers afterwards.
- Squad: Graham GoochGraham GoochGraham Alan Gooch OBE DL is a former cricketer who captained Essex and England. He was one of the most successful international batsmen of his generation, and through a career spanning from 1973 until 2000, he became the most prolific run scorer of all time with 67,057 runs...
(captain), Dennis AmissDennis AmissDennis Leslie Amiss MBE was an English cricketer and cricket administrator.Amiss suffered a serious back injury whilst playing soccer in his teenage years, which entailed him starting each day of his sporting life undergoing stretching routines to loosen up.He played cricket for both Warwickshire...
, Geoffrey BoycottGeoffrey BoycottGeoffrey Boycott OBE is a former Yorkshire and England cricketer. In a prolific and sometimes controversial playing career from 1962 to 1986, Boycott established himself as one of England's most successful opening batsmen...
, John EmbureyJohn EmbureyJohn Ernest Emburey is a former English cricketer, who played for Middlesex, Northamptonshire, Western Province, Berkshire and England....
, Mike HendrickMike HendrickMichael Hendrick is a former English cricketer, who played in thirty Tests and twenty two ODIs for England from 1973 to 1981...
, Geoff HumpageGeoff HumpageGeoffrey William Humpage is a former English cricketer who played in 3 ODIs in 1981.As of 2009, he still holds the Warwickshire batting record for the fourth wicket - a stand of 470 with Alvin Kallicharran against Lancashire at Southport in 1982, of which Humpage contributed 254...
, Alan KnottAlan KnottAlan Philip Eric Knott is a former Kent County Cricket Club and English cricketer, as a wicket-keeper-batsman....
, Wayne LarkinsWayne LarkinsWayne Larkins is a former English cricketer, who represented Northamptonshire, Durham and Bedfordshire as an opening batsman throughout his career...
, John LeverJohn LeverJohn Lever MBE is an English former cricketer, who played in twenty one Tests and twenty two ODIs for England from 1976 to 1986...
, Chris OldChris OldChris Old is an English former cricketer, who played in forty six Tests and thirty two ODIs from 1972 to 1981....
, Arnold Sidebottom, Les Taylor, Derek UnderwoodDerek UnderwoodDerek Underwood MBE is an English former international cricketer, and a former President of the MCC....
, Peter WilleyPeter WilleyPeter Willey is a former English cricketer, who played as a right-handed batsman and right-arm offbreak bowler. In and out of the England team, he interrupted his international career for three years by taking part in the first of the England players' South African rebel tours in 1982...
, Bob WoolmerBob WoolmerRobert Andrew Woolmer was an international cricketer, professional cricket coach and also a professional commentator...
. Graham DilleyGraham DilleyGraham Roy Dilley was an English cricketer, whose main role was as a fast bowler. He played first-class cricket for Kent and Worcestershire, and appeared in 41 test matches and 36 ODIs for England...
had pulled out of the tour before it got underway.
Arosa Sri Lanka, 1982/3
Sri LankaSri Lankan cricket team
The Sri Lankan cricket team is the national cricket team of Sri Lanka. The team first played international cricket in 1926–27, and were later awarded Test status in 1981, which made Sri Lanka the eighth Test cricket playing nation...
was a fledgling Test nation in 1982, playing their inaugural match against England at Colombo
Colombo
Colombo is the largest city of Sri Lanka. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the capital of Sri Lanka. Colombo is often referred to as the capital of the country, since Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is a satellite city of Colombo...
in February of that year. Bandula Warnapura
Bandula Warnapura
Bandula Warnapura is a former cricketer and captain of the Sri Lankan cricket team. He played 4 Test matches and 12 One Day Internationals during his international cricketing career from 1975 to 1982...
’s side were beaten by seven wickets against an experienced visiting team and would fail to win four further Tests as the year progressed.
Then in October it was announced that Warnapura was leading a 14-man rebel squad to South Africa. The team would be called Arosa Sri Lanka after the initials of their player manager Anthony Ralph Opatha
Tony Opatha
Antony Ralph Marinon Opatha is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played five ODIs between 1975 to 1979.-External links:*...
and the host nation. The players were vehemently denounced across India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
and the Caribbean
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
as well as in their homeland.
For the second successive tour, white South Africa was forced to put on a brave front in acclaiming sporting triumph where there was none. A full-strength Sri Lankan team was some way off international competitiveness so it was little surprise that a makeshift rebel outfit was utterly humiliated, failing to win a single tour match. Now captained by Peter Kirsten
Peter Kirsten
Peter Noel Kirsten is a former cricketer who represented South Africa in 12 Tests and 40 One Day Internationals from 1991 to 1994.-Cricket career:...
of Western Province, South Africa comfortably won all four ‘ODIs’ and both ‘Tests’. Lawrence Seef, who replaced the injured Barry Richards
Barry Richards
Barry Anderson Richards is a former South African batsman. A right-handed "talent of such enormous stature", Richards is considered one of South Africa's most successful cricketers. He was able to play only four Test matches - all against Australia - before South Africa's exclusion from the...
, and Graeme Pollock
Graeme Pollock
Robert Graeme Pollock, known as Graeme, is a former cricketer. He played in 23 Test matches for South Africa and represented Transvaal and Eastern Province at domestic level....
made 188 and 197 respectively in the second ‘Test’ but protested that the matches could not be classed as international cricket. SACU, trying to protect the ‘unofficial international’ brand it had created, fined them for the admission.
Life became very difficult for the Sri Lankans who were ostracised at home for a decision many called treasonous.
- Squad: Bandula WarnapuraBandula WarnapuraBandula Warnapura is a former cricketer and captain of the Sri Lankan cricket team. He played 4 Test matches and 12 One Day Internationals during his international cricketing career from 1975 to 1982...
(captain), Flavian AponsoFlavian AponsoGoniamalimage John Anthony Flavian Aponso was a Sri Lankan and Dutch cricketer, who played five One-day Internationals for The Netherlands during the 1996 World Cup....
, Hemantha Devapriya, Lantra Fernando, Mahes GoonatillekeMahes GoonatillekeHettiarachige Mahes Goonatilleke is a former Sri Lankan cricketer, who played five Test matches and six ODIs as wicket-keeper during 1981 and 1982 - being Sri Lanka's first wicketkeeper in Test cricket. He showed good promise as both wicket-keeper and batsman, and even made 56 against Pakistan as...
, Nirmal Hettiaratchi, Lalith KaluperumaLalith KaluperumaLalith Wasantha Silva Kaluperuma is a former Sri Lankan cricketer. He was educated at Nalanda College Colombo. He was recognised as a good off spinner in Sri Lankan domestic cricket before their elevation to Test status, which gave him a chance in the inaugural Test against England...
, Susantha Karunaratne, Bernard Perera, Anura RanasingheAnura RanasingheAnura Nandana Ranasinghe was a Sri Lankan cricketer, who represented Sri Lanka at international level 11 times...
, Ajit de SilvaAjit de SilvaGinigalgodage Ramba Ajit de Silva is a former Sri Lankan cricketer. He played four Test matches and six ODIs for Sri Lanka, bowling accurate slow left arm spin bowling to little effect...
, Bandula de Silva, Jeryl Woutersz, Tony OpathaTony OpathaAntony Ralph Marinon Opatha is a former Sri Lankan cricketer who played five ODIs between 1975 to 1979.-External links:*...
(player/manager).
West Indian tours, 1982/83 & 1983/84
The West Indian players were mainly talented understudies struggling to break in to the great West Indian Test team of the period, or men past their prime as Test players. First-class cricketers in the West Indies were then poorly paid and the participants, many of whom had irregular or no employment in the off-season, received between US$100,000 and $120,000 dollars for the two tours. West Indies cricket was so strong that Clive LloydClive Lloyd
Clive Hubert Lloyd CBE AO is a former West Indies cricketer. He captained the West Indies between 1974 and 1985 and oversaw their rise to become the dominant Test-playing nation, a position that was only relinquished in the latter half of the 1990s...
had little need for the likes of Lawrence Rowe
Lawrence Rowe
Lawrence George Rowe is a former West Indian cricketer.Lawrence, also known as "Yagga", was an elegant right-handed batsman described by Michael Holding, his team mate, as "the best batsman I ever saw". It was felt that his ability was so extraordinary that Sobers believed he could have been the...
, Collis King
Collis King
Collis Llewellyn King is a former West Indies cricketer who played nine Tests and 18 One Day Internationals for the West Indies....
and Sylvester Clarke
Sylvester Clarke
Sylvester Theophilus Clarke was a West Indian cricketer who played 11 Tests and 10 One Day Internationals.-Early life:Born in Christ Church, Barbados, Clarke attended St Bartholomew's Boys' School...
. Rowe has since stated that he and several other players were disillusioned with the West Indies Cricket board for not selecting them despite good performances
The strength of Caribbean cricket was evidenced in the ‘international’ matches, where South Africa received their first real test. A fiercely contested four-week series in 1982-3 took ‘unofficial internationals’ to new heights, the Springboks winning the one-day series 4-2 while the ‘Test’ series was drawn 1-1. The dominant theme of the match-ups was West Indian fast bowling. Colin Croft
Colin Croft
Colin Everton Hunte Croft is a former West Indian cricketer. He provides expert analysis on the British Broadcasting Corporation's Test Match Special.-Cricket career:...
was one of four World Cup winners in the party. Their pace battery, featuring Clarke, Croft, Bernard Julien
Bernard Julien
Bernard Denis Julien played 24 Tests and 12 One Day Internationals for the West Indies.He played in England for Kent and joined Packers World Series in 1977. He scored a century at Lords vs England in the 1973 test....
and Ezra Moseley
Ezra Moseley
Ezra Alphonsa Moseley is a former West Indian cricketer who played in two Tests and nine ODIs from 1990 to 1991. Of the cricketers who participated in the Rebel Tours of South Africa in the early 1980s, he is the only one who ever played for the West Indies again....
, terrified Springbok batsmen who were forced to wear helmets for the first time.
The frantic first series, again organised in secret and conducted on the hoof, set up a fierce battle when the West Indians returned for a full tour the following season. Clarke was by now the dominant player on either side, claiming four five-wicket hauls in the 2-1 ‘Test’ series win. The West Indian XI also won the one-day series 4-2, helped slightly by the Springboks weakening: Barry Richards and Vince van der Bijl retired in 1983, and Mike Procter, 36, played only a single ‘one-day’ international over both tours. Henry Fotheringham
Henry Fotheringham
Henry Richard Fotheringham was a South African cricketer from 1971/72 to 1989/90 during the country's apartheid ban. A right-handed opening batsman, Fotheringham scored 8814 first class runs at 40.06 with 21 hundreds....
, Ken McEwan
Ken McEwan
Kenneth Scott McEwan, born at Bedford, South Africa on 16 July 1952, was a cricketer who played principally for Eastern Province and Essex.A right-handed middle-order batsman, McEwan's cricket career coincided almost exactly with the period in which South Africa was banished from international...
, Rupert Hanley
Rupert Hanley
Rupert William Hanley is a former South African first class cricketer.Due to his long blond hair, Hanley was known as Spook, Afrikaans for ghost. Hanley was a fast medium bowler whose career coincided with South Africa's ban on international cricket...
, Dave Richardson and Mandy Yachad
Mandy Yachad
Mandy Yachad is a former South African cricketer and field hockey player who represented the South African national team in both sports....
made their debuts for South Africa. Clive Rice
Clive Rice
Clive Edward Butler Rice is a former South African international cricketer. An all-rounder, Rice ended his first class cricket career with a batting average of 40.95 and a bowling average of 22.49....
was handed the captaincy for the 3rd and 4th "Tests" after the sacking of Peter Kirsten
Peter Kirsten
Peter Noel Kirsten is a former cricketer who represented South Africa in 12 Tests and 40 One Day Internationals from 1991 to 1994.-Cricket career:...
for the ‘ODI’ series defeat. Kirsten maintained his place in the team and top scored in the next match. Graham Gooch
Graham Gooch
Graham Alan Gooch OBE DL is a former cricketer who captained Essex and England. He was one of the most successful international batsmen of his generation, and through a career spanning from 1973 until 2000, he became the most prolific run scorer of all time with 67,057 runs...
played against the West Indies team during both tours as a member of a South African provincial side.
The improvement in the on-field action was in strict contrast to the off-field environment. South Africa stood permanently on the brink of civil war as PW Botha’s brutal government repressed the black majority and excluded them from a new ‘multi-racial’ parliament. This oppression was met with violent reprisals while the rebels were controversial figures in the townships that had worshipped West Indian cricketers only to see them collaborating with the apartheid enemy.
The participants received a life ban from Caribbean cricket in 1983. In many instances, they were ostracised socially and professionally, such was the hostility toward players that complied with the South African apartheid system. In contrast, the players commented on a warm reception from both blacks and whites in South Africa and the tour may have been a positive influence on relations between races. It was one of the few occasions when white and black people had played sport together in South Africa. The players' bans were lifted in 1989 but the only tour member who played for West Indies again was Moseley, at the age of 32. Stephenson and Clarke had very successful first-class careers in South Africa.
A fierce battle raged – and continues to rage – about the wisdom of the West Indian tours. Were the rebels, as they themselves insisted, showing white South Africa that black men were their equals as the republic stumbled towards democracy? Or, as their detractors still maintain, had they sold themselves and their dignity to extend the life of a disgraced and barbarous government?
- 1982-3 squad: Lawrence RoweLawrence RoweLawrence George Rowe is a former West Indian cricketer.Lawrence, also known as "Yagga", was an elegant right-handed batsman described by Michael Holding, his team mate, as "the best batsman I ever saw". It was felt that his ability was so extraordinary that Sobers believed he could have been the...
(captain), Richard Austin, Herbert ChangHerbert ChangHerbert Samuel Chang is a former West Indian cricketer who played in one Test in 1979 before joining the Rebel West Indian touring team to South Africa....
, Sylvester ClarkeSylvester ClarkeSylvester Theophilus Clarke was a West Indian cricketer who played 11 Tests and 10 One Day Internationals.-Early life:Born in Christ Church, Barbados, Clarke attended St Bartholomew's Boys' School...
, Colin CroftColin CroftColin Everton Hunte Croft is a former West Indian cricketer. He provides expert analysis on the British Broadcasting Corporation's Test Match Special.-Cricket career:...
, Alvin GreenidgeAlvin GreenidgeAlvin Ethelbert Greenidge is a former West Indian cricketer who played in six Tests and one ODI from 1978 to 1979. An opener who shared his name with Gordon Greenidge, the leading West Indian opening batsman of the era, he played when the side was depleted by the defection of players to the...
, Bernard JulienBernard JulienBernard Denis Julien played 24 Tests and 12 One Day Internationals for the West Indies.He played in England for Kent and joined Packers World Series in 1977. He scored a century at Lords vs England in the 1973 test....
, Alvin KallicharranAlvin KallicharranAlvin Isaac Kallicharran is a former West Indian batsman of Indo-Guyanese ethnicity who played from 1972 to 1981. His elegant, watchful batting style produced some substantial innings for a West Indian team very much in its formative years in the seventies...
, Collis KingCollis KingCollis Llewellyn King is a former West Indies cricketer who played nine Tests and 18 One Day Internationals for the West Indies....
, Everton MattisEverton MattisEverton Hugh Mattis is a former West Indian cricketer who played in four Tests and two ODIs in 1981....
, Ezra MoseleyEzra MoseleyEzra Alphonsa Moseley is a former West Indian cricketer who played in two Tests and nine ODIs from 1990 to 1991. Of the cricketers who participated in the Rebel Tours of South Africa in the early 1980s, he is the only one who ever played for the West Indies again....
, David MurrayDavid Murray (cricketer)David Anthony Murray is a former West Indian cricketer who played in nineteen Tests and ten ODIs from 1973 to 1982.Murray, a son of the great West Indian batsman Everton Weekes often courted controversy...
, Derick ParryDerick ParryDerick Recaldo Parry played 12 Tests and six One Day Internationals for the West Indies....
, Franklyn StephensonFranklyn StephensonFranklyn DaCosta Stephenson, born at Saint James, Barbados on 8 April 1959, is a former cricketer who had a first-class career for teams in four continents...
, Emmerson TrotmanEmmerson TrotmanEmmerson Nathaniel Trotman is a former West Indies cricketer who played for the Rebel West Indies side in South Africa.Born in Paradise Village, Christ Church, Barbados, Trotman also played for Barbados and Border in South Africa...
, Ray WynterRay WynterRay Ricardo Wynter is a West Indian cricketer who played first-class and one day cricket for the Jamaican team from 1975 until 1982. A right-hand bat and a "promising" right-arm fast-medium opening bowler, Wynter played 30 matches in all...
, Albert PadmoreAlbert PadmoreAlbert Leroy Padmore is a former West Indies cricketer, playing two Tests in 1976 and representing the West Indies in World Series Cricket....
(player/manager).
- 1983-4 squad: Lawrence RoweLawrence RoweLawrence George Rowe is a former West Indian cricketer.Lawrence, also known as "Yagga", was an elegant right-handed batsman described by Michael Holding, his team mate, as "the best batsman I ever saw". It was felt that his ability was so extraordinary that Sobers believed he could have been the...
(captain), Hartley AlleyneHartley AlleyneHartley Leroy Alleyne is a former Barbadian cricketer: a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast bowler who played for Barbados, Worcestershire, Kent and Natal between 1978-79 and 1989-90...
, Faoud BacchusFaoud BacchusSheik Faoud Ahamul Fasiel Bacchus is a cricket player for the West Indies and the United States.A right-handed batsman, he made his Test match debut for the West Indies aged 24 in the 1977/78 series against Australia, but his best achievements were in the 1978/79 series against India, where he...
, Sylvester ClarkeSylvester ClarkeSylvester Theophilus Clarke was a West Indian cricketer who played 11 Tests and 10 One Day Internationals.-Early life:Born in Christ Church, Barbados, Clarke attended St Bartholomew's Boys' School...
, Colin CroftColin CroftColin Everton Hunte Croft is a former West Indian cricketer. He provides expert analysis on the British Broadcasting Corporation's Test Match Special.-Cricket career:...
, Alvin GreenidgeAlvin GreenidgeAlvin Ethelbert Greenidge is a former West Indian cricketer who played in six Tests and one ODI from 1978 to 1979. An opener who shared his name with Gordon Greenidge, the leading West Indian opening batsman of the era, he played when the side was depleted by the defection of players to the...
, Bernard JulienBernard JulienBernard Denis Julien played 24 Tests and 12 One Day Internationals for the West Indies.He played in England for Kent and joined Packers World Series in 1977. He scored a century at Lords vs England in the 1973 test....
, Alvin KallicharranAlvin KallicharranAlvin Isaac Kallicharran is a former West Indian batsman of Indo-Guyanese ethnicity who played from 1972 to 1981. His elegant, watchful batting style produced some substantial innings for a West Indian team very much in its formative years in the seventies...
, Collis KingCollis KingCollis Llewellyn King is a former West Indies cricketer who played nine Tests and 18 One Day Internationals for the West Indies....
, Monte LynchMonte LynchMonte Lynch is a former cricketer who played for Surrey and Gloucestershire, and played in three One Day Internationals for England in 1988, but was never picked again. He was a hard-hitting batsman, an occasional off-spin bowler and a fine slip fielder...
, Everton MattisEverton MattisEverton Hugh Mattis is a former West Indian cricketer who played in four Tests and two ODIs in 1981....
, Ezra MoseleyEzra MoseleyEzra Alphonsa Moseley is a former West Indian cricketer who played in two Tests and nine ODIs from 1990 to 1991. Of the cricketers who participated in the Rebel Tours of South Africa in the early 1980s, he is the only one who ever played for the West Indies again....
, David MurrayDavid Murray (cricketer)David Anthony Murray is a former West Indian cricketer who played in nineteen Tests and ten ODIs from 1973 to 1982.Murray, a son of the great West Indian batsman Everton Weekes often courted controversy...
, Derick ParryDerick ParryDerick Recaldo Parry played 12 Tests and six One Day Internationals for the West Indies....
, Franklyn StephensonFranklyn StephensonFranklyn DaCosta Stephenson, born at Saint James, Barbados on 8 April 1959, is a former cricketer who had a first-class career for teams in four continents...
, Emmerson TrotmanEmmerson TrotmanEmmerson Nathaniel Trotman is a former West Indies cricketer who played for the Rebel West Indies side in South Africa.Born in Paradise Village, Christ Church, Barbados, Trotman also played for Barbados and Border in South Africa...
, Albert PadmoreAlbert PadmoreAlbert Leroy Padmore is a former West Indies cricketer, playing two Tests in 1976 and representing the West Indies in World Series Cricket....
(player/manager).
Australian tours, 1985/86 & 1986/87
The tours by the AustraliaAustralia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
ns were led by former Test captain Kim Hughes
Kim Hughes
Kimberley John Hughes is a former cricketer who played for Western Australia, Natal and Australia. He captained Australia in 28 Tests between 1979 and 1984 before captaining a "rebel" Australian team in a tour of South Africa, who at the time were subject to a sporting boycott.A right-handed...
, with South Africa winning both "Test" series 1–0. The squad included several players who represented Australia at Test level, such as fast bowlers Terry Alderman
Terry Alderman
Terence Michael Alderman is a former Australian cricketer.He began his first-class career in 1974 with Western Australia in the Sheffield Shield and came to international prominence when he was chosen for the Australian national team to tour England in 1981...
, Rodney Hogg
Rodney Hogg
Rodney Malcolm Hogg is a former Victorian, South Australian and Australian cricketer. He was a fast bowler. Hogg played in 38 Tests and 71 ODIs between 1978 and 1985. In Tests he took 123 wickets at an average of 28.47.-Career:...
and Carl Rackemann
Carl Rackemann
Carl Gray Rackemann OAM , born in Wondai, Queensland, is a former Queensland and Australian cricketer. He was a fast bowler in 12 Tests, 52 ODIs and 167 first-class cricket matches in a career spanning 1979–80 to 1995–96....
, spinners Trevor Hohns
Trevor Hohns
Trevor Victor Hohns is a former Queensland and.Australian cricketer who played in 7 Tests in 1989.Hohns resigned as chairman of selectors for Cricket Australia in early 2006, being replaced with fellow selector and former Test cricketer Andrew Hilditch.-External links:...
and Tom Hogan
Tom Hogan
Tom George Hogan is a former Australian cricketer.Hogan was a left arm spinner who played in 7 Tests and 16 One Day Internationals for Australia from 1983 to 1984....
opening batsman John Dyson
John Dyson
John Dyson is a former international cricketer who is now a cricket coach, most recently in charge of the West Indies....
and Steve Smith. The tour weakened the Australian Test side by depriving it of several of its best players; the tour prompted Australian prime minister Bob Hawke
Bob Hawke
Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke AC GCL was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia from March 1983 to December 1991 and therefore longest serving Australian Labor Party Prime Minister....
to call the group "traitors" and in retrospect has been called "one of the most painful and traumatic moments in Australian cricket history."
Hughes accused the Australian Cricket Board
Cricket Australia
Cricket Australia, formerly known as the Australian Cricket Board, is the governing body for professional and amateur cricket in Australia. It was originally formed in 1905 as the Australian Board of Control for International Cricket...
of fostering dissatisfaction among the players, making recruitment for the rebel tours easy. Hughes never played international cricket again and later returned to South Africa to play for Natal. However, Alderman, Hohns and Rackemann returned to represent Australia in later series.
On the first Australian tour, 1985–86, fast bowlers Hugh Page
Hugh Page
Hugh Ashton Page is a former South African first class cricketer who was born in Zimbabwe. He played his cricket with Transvaal and spent the 1987 English season with Essex.-References:*...
and Corrie van Zyl
Corrie van Zyl
Cornelius Johannes Petrus Gerthardus van Zyl in Bloemfontein, Free State is a former South African cricketer who played two One Day Internationals in 1992...
made their debuts for South Africa. During the second tour in 1986-87, batsman Brian Whitfield
Brian Whitfield
Brian Jonathan Whitfield is a former South African First-class cricketer.He played with Natal and Northern Transvaal and was one of the South African Cricket Annual's Cricketers of the Year in 1987.-External links:*...
and spinner Omar Henry
Omar Henry
Omar Henry is a former cricketer who played in three Tests and three One Day Internationals for South Africa. He is notable for being the first non-white player of the modern era, to play cricket for South Africa. He played extensively in Scotland.-References:...
who became the second non-white player to represent South Africa, and two future stars, all-rounder Brian McMillan
Brian McMillan
Brian Mervin McMillan played 38 Tests and 78 One Day Internationals for South Africa from 1991 to 1998...
and fast bowler Allan Donald
Allan Donald
Allan Anthony Donald is a former South African cricketer and one of their most successful pace bowlers.In his prime, he was one of the best fast bowlers ever seen in Test cricket, reaching the top of the ICC Test rankings in 1998 and peaked with a top ICC ranking of 895 points the next year, the...
made their South African debuts. Kepler Wessels
Kepler Wessels
Kepler Christoffel Wessels is a former South African cricketer who captained South Africa after playing 24 Tests for Australia. He was the first man to have played One Day International cricket for two countries....
played for the Australian team on their second tour.
South Africa won both ‘Test’ series 1-0, both ‘ODI’ series and a ‘day-night’ series. Yet the on-field action could never escape the shadow of apartheid. Newspaper revelations in January 1986 revealed what non-white leaders in South Africa and anti-apartheid campaigners worldwide had been claiming for years: the tours were not funded by business, as Ali Bacher and SACU had always insisted, but by the apartheid government through enormous tax breaks.
- 1985-6 squad: Kim HughesKim HughesKimberley John Hughes is a former cricketer who played for Western Australia, Natal and Australia. He captained Australia in 28 Tests between 1979 and 1984 before captaining a "rebel" Australian team in a tour of South Africa, who at the time were subject to a sporting boycott.A right-handed...
(captain), Terry AldermanTerry AldermanTerence Michael Alderman is a former Australian cricketer.He began his first-class career in 1974 with Western Australia in the Sheffield Shield and came to international prominence when he was chosen for the Australian national team to tour England in 1981...
, John DysonJohn DysonJohn Dyson is a former international cricketer who is now a cricket coach, most recently in charge of the West Indies....
, Peter FaulknerPeter FaulknerPeter Ian Faulkner was an Australian first-class cricketer who played for Tasmania. An allrounder, he took over 100 wickets and made over 2000 runs in his first-class career....
, Mike Haysman, Tom HoganTom HoganTom George Hogan is a former Australian cricketer.Hogan was a left arm spinner who played in 7 Tests and 16 One Day Internationals for Australia from 1983 to 1984....
, Rodney HoggRodney HoggRodney Malcolm Hogg is a former Victorian, South Australian and Australian cricketer. He was a fast bowler. Hogg played in 38 Tests and 71 ODIs between 1978 and 1985. In Tests he took 123 wickets at an average of 28.47.-Career:...
, Trevor HohnsTrevor HohnsTrevor Victor Hohns is a former Queensland and.Australian cricketer who played in 7 Tests in 1989.Hohns resigned as chairman of selectors for Cricket Australia in early 2006, being replaced with fellow selector and former Test cricketer Andrew Hilditch.-External links:...
, John Maguire, Rod McCurdyRod McCurdyRodney John McCurdy is a former cricketer who played for Australia, Border, Derbyshire, Eastern Province, Natal, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. He now lives in South Africa....
, Carl RackemannCarl RackemannCarl Gray Rackemann OAM , born in Wondai, Queensland, is a former Queensland and Australian cricketer. He was a fast bowler in 12 Tests, 52 ODIs and 167 first-class cricket matches in a career spanning 1979–80 to 1995–96....
, Steve RixonSteve RixonStephen John Rixon is the newly appointed Australian cricket fielding coach.He played in 13 Tests and 6 One Day Internationals between 1977 and 1985. He came into the Australian side as wicket-keeper in 1977–78 after Rodney Marsh joined World Series Cricket, losing his place on Marsh's return...
, Greg ShipperdGreg ShipperdGregory Shipperd is an Australian first-class cricketer who is the current coach of the Delhi DareDevils and Victorian Bushrangers...
, Steve Smith, Mick Taylor, Graham YallopGraham YallopGraham Neil Yallop is a former cricketer who played for Victoria and Australia. He captained Australia briefly during the tumultuous era of World Series Cricket in the late 1970s...
.
- 1986-7 squad: Kim HughesKim HughesKimberley John Hughes is a former cricketer who played for Western Australia, Natal and Australia. He captained Australia in 28 Tests between 1979 and 1984 before captaining a "rebel" Australian team in a tour of South Africa, who at the time were subject to a sporting boycott.A right-handed...
(captain), Terry AldermanTerry AldermanTerence Michael Alderman is a former Australian cricketer.He began his first-class career in 1974 with Western Australia in the Sheffield Shield and came to international prominence when he was chosen for the Australian national team to tour England in 1981...
, John DysonJohn DysonJohn Dyson is a former international cricketer who is now a cricket coach, most recently in charge of the West Indies....
, Peter FaulknerPeter FaulknerPeter Ian Faulkner was an Australian first-class cricketer who played for Tasmania. An allrounder, he took over 100 wickets and made over 2000 runs in his first-class career....
, Mike Haysman, Tom HoganTom HoganTom George Hogan is a former Australian cricketer.Hogan was a left arm spinner who played in 7 Tests and 16 One Day Internationals for Australia from 1983 to 1984....
, Rodney HoggRodney HoggRodney Malcolm Hogg is a former Victorian, South Australian and Australian cricketer. He was a fast bowler. Hogg played in 38 Tests and 71 ODIs between 1978 and 1985. In Tests he took 123 wickets at an average of 28.47.-Career:...
, Trevor HohnsTrevor HohnsTrevor Victor Hohns is a former Queensland and.Australian cricketer who played in 7 Tests in 1989.Hohns resigned as chairman of selectors for Cricket Australia in early 2006, being replaced with fellow selector and former Test cricketer Andrew Hilditch.-External links:...
, John Maguire, Rod McCurdyRod McCurdyRodney John McCurdy is a former cricketer who played for Australia, Border, Derbyshire, Eastern Province, Natal, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria. He now lives in South Africa....
, Carl RackemannCarl RackemannCarl Gray Rackemann OAM , born in Wondai, Queensland, is a former Queensland and Australian cricketer. He was a fast bowler in 12 Tests, 52 ODIs and 167 first-class cricket matches in a career spanning 1979–80 to 1995–96....
, Steve RixonSteve RixonStephen John Rixon is the newly appointed Australian cricket fielding coach.He played in 13 Tests and 6 One Day Internationals between 1977 and 1985. He came into the Australian side as wicket-keeper in 1977–78 after Rodney Marsh joined World Series Cricket, losing his place on Marsh's return...
, Greg ShipperdGreg ShipperdGregory Shipperd is an Australian first-class cricketer who is the current coach of the Delhi DareDevils and Victorian Bushrangers...
, Steve Smith, Mick Taylor, Kepler WesselsKepler WesselsKepler Christoffel Wessels is a former South African cricketer who captained South Africa after playing 24 Tests for Australia. He was the first man to have played One Day International cricket for two countries....
, Graham YallopGraham YallopGraham Neil Yallop is a former cricketer who played for Victoria and Australia. He captained Australia briefly during the tumultuous era of World Series Cricket in the late 1970s...
.
English XI, 1990
In 1990, the final tour was led by former England captain Mike GattingMike Gatting
Michael "Mike" William Gatting OBE is a former English cricketer, who played first-class cricket for Middlesex and for England from 1977 to 1995, captaining the national side in twenty-three Test matches between 1986 and 1988...
. The team included former and current England players such as batsmen Tim Robinson
Tim Robinson
Tim Robinson is an English former cricketer, and current cricket umpire, who played in 29 Tests and 26 ODIs for England from 1984 to 1989....
, Bill Athey
Bill Athey
Charles William Jeffrey Athey was an English first-class cricketer, who played for England, and first class cricket for Gloucestershire, Yorkshire and Sussex; he also played a solitary one-day game for Worcestershire. His bulldog spirit was exemplified by the Union Jack tattooed on his arm...
and Chris Broad
Chris Broad
Brian Christopher Broad, usually known as Chris Broad is a former England Test cricketer and current Test official. An opening batsman, Broad had a 25-match long international Test career during which he hit six centuries, together with 34 One Day International matches with a respectable over 40...
, wicketkeeper Bruce French, and the fast bowlers Paul Jarvis
Paul Jarvis
Paul William Jarvis is a former English cricketer, who played in nine Tests and sixteen ODIs for England from 1988 to 1993....
, Graham Dilley
Graham Dilley
Graham Roy Dilley was an English cricketer, whose main role was as a fast bowler. He played first-class cricket for Kent and Worcestershire, and appeared in 41 test matches and 36 ODIs for England...
and Neil Foster
Neil Foster
Neil Foster and educated at Philip Morant Comprehensive, Colchester, is a former English cricketer, who played in twenty nine Tests and forty eight ODIs for England from 1983 to 1993. He played for Essex from 1980 to 1993, earning his county cap in 1983...
.
Kepler Wessels
Kepler Wessels
Kepler Christoffel Wessels is a former South African cricketer who captained South Africa after playing 24 Tests for Australia. He was the first man to have played One Day International cricket for two countries....
returned to represent the land of his birth. Roy Pienaar
Roy Pienaar
Roy Francois Pienaar is a former South African first class cricketer. He played for Western Province and Transvaal in domestic cricket and he spent 1987 until 1989 in England playing for Kent. In both 1983 and 1990 he won the South African Cricket Annual Cricketer of the Year award.-External links:*...
, Dave Rundle and Richard Snell made their debuts for South Africa. Jimmy Cook
Jimmy Cook
Stephen James Cook is a former South African cricketer who played in three Tests and four ODIs from 1991 to 1993. His son Stephen Cook currently plays for Gauteng....
was appointed as South African captain and Allan Donald
Allan Donald
Allan Anthony Donald is a former South African cricketer and one of their most successful pace bowlers.In his prime, he was one of the best fast bowlers ever seen in Test cricket, reaching the top of the ICC Test rankings in 1998 and peaked with a top ICC ranking of 895 points the next year, the...
took 8 wickets for 59 in the match. South Africa went on to win the only 'Test'. England lost the limited overs series 3–1.
Most of the squad did not play for England again. Gatting served a three-year ban from Test cricket before his recall to the England side for the tour of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
and Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
in 1992–93, along with John Emburey
John Emburey
John Ernest Emburey is a former English cricketer, who played for Middlesex, Northamptonshire, Western Province, Berkshire and England....
and Paul Jarvis
Paul Jarvis
Paul William Jarvis is a former English cricketer, who played in nine Tests and sixteen ODIs for England from 1988 to 1993....
. Emburey made both rebel tours and served two suspensions. Foster subsequently played a solitary Test, against Australia at Lord's in 1993, as did Alan Wells (against the West Indies in 1995).
The squad for the rebel tour was announced during the fourth Test of the 1989 The Ashes
The Ashes
The Ashes is a Test cricket series played between England and Australia. It is one of the most celebrated rivalries in international cricket and dates back to 1882. It is currently played biennially, alternately in the United Kingdom and Australia. Cricket being a summer sport, and the venues...
series in England. Players in the squad were not considered for the rest of the series, which allowed future long-term England players, batsman Michael Atherton and fast bowler Devon Malcolm
Devon Malcolm
Devon Malcolm is a former English cricketer.Malcolm was one of England's few genuinely fast bowlers of the 1990s. Born in Kingston, Jamaica, he settled in England, making his first-class debut for Derbyshire in 1984, and qualifying to play for England in 1987...
, an opportunity to make their England debuts.
The tour was a financial disaster as it coincided with the "unbanning" of the African National Congress
African National Congress
The African National Congress is South Africa's governing Africanist political party, supported by its tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions and the South African Communist Party , since the establishment of non-racial democracy in April 1994. It defines itself as a...
and the release from prison of Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing...
. As South Africa began the dismantling of apartheid, Ali Bacher
Ali Bacher
Aron "Ali" Bacher is a former South African Test cricketer and an administrator of the United Cricket Board of South Africa.-Biography:...
was surprised at the scale of the mass demonstrations against the tour as previous rebel tours had passed smoothly in the country. The second tour scheduled for 1990-91 was cancelled.
- Squad: Mike GattingMike GattingMichael "Mike" William Gatting OBE is a former English cricketer, who played first-class cricket for Middlesex and for England from 1977 to 1995, captaining the national side in twenty-three Test matches between 1986 and 1988...
(captain), Bill AtheyBill AtheyCharles William Jeffrey Athey was an English first-class cricketer, who played for England, and first class cricket for Gloucestershire, Yorkshire and Sussex; he also played a solitary one-day game for Worcestershire. His bulldog spirit was exemplified by the Union Jack tattooed on his arm...
, Kim BarnettKim BarnettKim John Barnett was an English cricketer who briefly played for England in 1988 and 1989, and for Derbyshire from 1979 to 1998. He also played for Gloucestershire from 1999 to 2002, and for South African club sides...
, Chris BroadChris BroadBrian Christopher Broad, usually known as Chris Broad is a former England Test cricketer and current Test official. An opening batsman, Broad had a 25-match long international Test career during which he hit six centuries, together with 34 One Day International matches with a respectable over 40...
, Chris CowdreyChris CowdreyChristopher Stuart "Chris" Cowdrey is an English former cricketer. Cowdrey played for Kent, Glamorgan and England as an all-rounder...
, Graham DilleyGraham DilleyGraham Roy Dilley was an English cricketer, whose main role was as a fast bowler. He played first-class cricket for Kent and Worcestershire, and appeared in 41 test matches and 36 ODIs for England...
, Richard Ellison, John EmbureyJohn EmbureyJohn Ernest Emburey is a former English cricketer, who played for Middlesex, Northamptonshire, Western Province, Berkshire and England....
, Neil FosterNeil FosterNeil Foster and educated at Philip Morant Comprehensive, Colchester, is a former English cricketer, who played in twenty nine Tests and forty eight ODIs for England from 1983 to 1993. He played for Essex from 1980 to 1993, earning his county cap in 1983...
, Bruce French, Paul JarvisPaul JarvisPaul William Jarvis is a former English cricketer, who played in nine Tests and sixteen ODIs for England from 1988 to 1993....
, Matthew MaynardMatthew MaynardMatthew Maynard is an English former cricketer. He played in four Tests and fourteen ODIs for England....
, Tim RobinsonTim RobinsonTim Robinson is an English former cricketer, and current cricket umpire, who played in 29 Tests and 26 ODIs for England from 1984 to 1989....
, Greg ThomasGreg ThomasGreg Thomas is a Welsh former cricketer, who played in five Tests and three ODIs for England from 1986 to 1987.-Life and career:...
, Alan WellsAlan WellsAlan Peter Wells is an English cricketer. He played for Sussex from 1981 to 1996, where he was captain from 1992 to 1996. He then played for Kent from 1997 to 2000...
, David GraveneyDavid GraveneyDavid Anthony Graveney OBE is a leading figure in English cricket and former chairman of the England Test selectors, a post he held from 1997 until 2008. Graveney attended Millfield School in Somerset....
(player/manager).
South Africa returns to international cricket
Thirty-one players were selected to play for South Africa in the 19 Rebel "Tests". Vincent van der Bijl, Rupert HanleyRupert Hanley
Rupert William Hanley is a former South African first class cricketer.Due to his long blond hair, Hanley was known as Spook, Afrikaans for ghost. Hanley was a fast medium bowler whose career coincided with South Africa's ban on international cricket...
, Denys Hobson
Denys Hobson
Denys Laurence Hobson born 3 September 1951 in Port Elizabeth) is a former South African first class cricketer. Hobson played as a right-handed batsman and legbreak bowler for Eastern Province and Western Province. His career lasted from 1970-71 to 1984-85....
, Kevin McKenzie, Alan Kourie
Alan Kourie
Alan John Kourie is a former South African first class cricketer, who played for Transvaal, from 1970/71 to 1988/89. Educated at Jeppe Boys High, he played for Transvaal in the Nuffield week, and for South African schools in 1970.An all-rounder, he was a slow left-arm orthodox bowler and...
, Brian Whitfield
Brian Whitfield
Brian Jonathan Whitfield is a former South African First-class cricketer.He played with Natal and Northern Transvaal and was one of the South African Cricket Annual's Cricketers of the Year in 1987.-External links:*...
, Kenny Watson
Kenny Watson
Kenneth Dwight Watson is an American football running back who is currently a free agent. He was signed by the Washington Redskins as an undrafted free agent in 2001...
, Roy Pienaar
Roy Pienaar
Roy Francois Pienaar is a former South African first class cricketer. He played for Western Province and Transvaal in domestic cricket and he spent 1987 until 1989 in England playing for Kent. In both 1983 and 1990 he won the South African Cricket Annual Cricketer of the Year award.-External links:*...
, Hugh Page
Hugh Page
Hugh Ashton Page is a former South African first class cricketer who was born in Zimbabwe. He played his cricket with Transvaal and spent the 1987 English season with Essex.-References:*...
, Ray Jennings
Ray Jennings
Raymond Vernon Jennings is a former South African cricketer. He was one of South Africa's leading wicket-keepers during the apartheid era....
, Henry Fotheringham
Henry Fotheringham
Henry Richard Fotheringham was a South African cricketer from 1971/72 to 1989/90 during the country's apartheid ban. A right-handed opening batsman, Fotheringham scored 8814 first class runs at 40.06 with 21 hundreds....
, Lawrence Seeff
Lawrence Seeff
Lawrence Seeff is a former South African First-class cricketer.He played with Western Province and Transvaal and was one of the South African Cricket Annual's Cricketers of the Year in 1981...
, Stephen Jefferies
Stephen Jefferies
Stephen Jefferies was a South African cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a left-arm medium-fast bowler. Jefferies' career centred around his home country of South Africa, though in 1982 he briefly moved to England, subsequently playing for Derbyshire...
, Ken McEwan
Ken McEwan
Kenneth Scott McEwan, born at Bedford, South Africa on 16 July 1952, was a cricketer who played principally for Eastern Province and Essex.A right-handed middle-order batsman, McEwan's cricket career coincided almost exactly with the period in which South Africa was banished from international...
and Garth le Roux
Garth Le Roux
Garth Stirling Le Roux in Kenilworth, Cape Town is a former South African first class cricketer. He went to Wynberg Boys High School, graduating in 1973....
all retired or were beyond their prime before official international cricket resumed for South Africa. Before isolation, Graeme Pollock
Graeme Pollock
Robert Graeme Pollock, known as Graeme, is a former cricketer. He played in 23 Test matches for South Africa and represented Transvaal and Eastern Province at domestic level....
(23 Tests), Mike Procter
Mike Procter
Michael John Procter is a former South African cricketer. A fast bowler and hard hitting batsman, his chances for a long and productive test career were wrecked by South Africa's banishment from world cricket in the 1970s and 1980s...
(7 Tests) and Barry Richards (4 Tests) had played official Test cricket.
South Africa resumed official international cricket in 1991 with a short tour of India
South African cricket team in India in 1991-92
The first match was South Africa's first-ever ODI and their first cricket match of any sort against India. The attendance was reported to be over 90,000. Ten South African players made their ODI debuts ....
, and participation in the 1992 Cricket World Cup
1992 Cricket World Cup
-New Zealand:-Round Robin Stage:Co-hosts New Zealand proved the surprise packet of the tournament, winning their first seven games to finish on top of the table after the round robin. The other hosts, Australia, were one of the pre-tournament favourites but lost their first two matches. They...
in Australia and New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
. Clive Rice
Clive Rice
Clive Edward Butler Rice is a former South African international cricketer. An all-rounder, Rice ended his first class cricket career with a batting average of 40.95 and a bowling average of 22.49....
(3), Corrie van Zyl
Corrie van Zyl
Cornelius Johannes Petrus Gerthardus van Zyl in Bloemfontein, Free State is a former South African cricketer who played two One Day Internationals in 1992...
(2), Dave Rundle (2) and Mandy Yachad
Mandy Yachad
Mandy Yachad is a former South African cricketer and field hockey player who represented the South African national team in both sports....
(1), only played in official ODIs for South Africa. Being in the twilight of their careers, Jimmy Cook
Jimmy Cook
Stephen James Cook is a former South African cricketer who played in three Tests and four ODIs from 1991 to 1993. His son Stephen Cook currently plays for Gauteng....
played 3 Tests and 6 ODIs, Peter Kirsten
Peter Kirsten
Peter Noel Kirsten is a former cricketer who represented South Africa in 12 Tests and 40 One Day Internationals from 1991 to 1994.-Cricket career:...
12 Tests and 40 ODIs, Adrian Kuiper
Adrian Kuiper
Adrian Paul Kuiper is a former South African cricketer who played in one international Test match and twenty five ODIs from 1991 to 1996....
1 Test and 25 ODIs and Omar Henry
Omar Henry
Omar Henry is a former cricketer who played in three Tests and three One Day Internationals for South Africa. He is notable for being the first non-white player of the modern era, to play cricket for South Africa. He played extensively in Scotland.-References:...
3 Tests and 3 ODIs. Allan Donald
Allan Donald
Allan Anthony Donald is a former South African cricketer and one of their most successful pace bowlers.In his prime, he was one of the best fast bowlers ever seen in Test cricket, reaching the top of the ICC Test rankings in 1998 and peaked with a top ICC ranking of 895 points the next year, the...
, 72 Tests and 164 ODIs, Brian McMillan
Brian McMillan
Brian Mervin McMillan played 38 Tests and 78 One Day Internationals for South Africa from 1991 to 1998...
38 Tests and 78 ODIs and Dave Richardson 42 Tests and 122 ODIs, became the backbone of the new Protea outfit, and to a lesser extent, Richard Snell who played in 5 Tests and 42 ODIs. Kepler Wessels
Kepler Wessels
Kepler Christoffel Wessels is a former South African cricketer who captained South Africa after playing 24 Tests for Australia. He was the first man to have played One Day International cricket for two countries....
became captain of the team and played in 16 Tests and 55 ODIs for South Africa. During the years of isolation, Wessels played for Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
in 24 Tests and 54 ODIs.
All of the matches played during the rebel tours were granted first-class status, which was subsequently withdrawn by the International Cricket Council
International Cricket Council
The International Cricket Council is the international governing body of cricket. It was founded as the Imperial Cricket Conference in 1909 by representatives from England, Australia and South Africa, renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965, and took up its current name in 1989.The...
in 1993. As of August 2007, the ICC is reviewing the status of all matches played in South Africa between 1961 and 1991, including those played during the rebel tours, with a view to restoring first-class status to some matches.
Individual records
Batsmen| Player | Matches | Runs Scored |
Average | Highest | 100's | 50s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Graeme Pollock Graeme Pollock Robert Graeme Pollock, known as Graeme, is a former cricketer. He played in 23 Test matches for South Africa and represented Transvaal and Eastern Province at domestic level.... |
16 | 1376 | 65.52 | 197 | 5 | 7 |
| Jimmy Cook Jimmy Cook Stephen James Cook is a former South African cricketer who played in three Tests and four ODIs from 1991 to 1993. His son Stephen Cook currently plays for Gauteng.... |
19 | 1320 | 42.58 | 169 | 3 | 7 |
| Peter Kirsten Peter Kirsten Peter Noel Kirsten is a former cricketer who represented South Africa in 12 Tests and 40 One Day Internationals from 1991 to 1994.-Cricket career:... |
19 | 1192 | 41.10 | 173 | 3 | 7 |
| Clive Rice Clive Rice Clive Edward Butler Rice is a former South African international cricketer. An all-rounder, Rice ended his first class cricket career with a batting average of 40.95 and a bowling average of 22.49.... |
18 | 679 | 27.16 | 72 | 4 | |
| Ken McEwan Ken McEwan Kenneth Scott McEwan, born at Bedford, South Africa on 16 July 1952, was a cricketer who played principally for Eastern Province and Essex.A right-handed middle-order batsman, McEwan's cricket career coincided almost exactly with the period in which South Africa was banished from international... |
7 | 438 | 43.80 | 138* | 3 | |
| Kevin McKenzie | 7 | 422 | 35.16 | 110 | 1 | 2 |
| Henry Fotheringham Henry Fotheringham Henry Richard Fotheringham was a South African cricketer from 1971/72 to 1989/90 during the country's apartheid ban. A right-handed opening batsman, Fotheringham scored 8814 first class runs at 40.06 with 21 hundreds.... |
7 | 406 | 36.90 | 100* | 1 | 2 |
Bowlers
| Player | Matches | Wickets | Average | S/R |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garth le Roux Garth Le Roux Garth Stirling Le Roux in Kenilworth, Cape Town is a former South African first class cricketer. He went to Wynberg Boys High School, graduating in 1973.... |
15 | 59 | 23.27 | 50.1 |
| Stephen Jefferies Stephen Jefferies Stephen Jefferies was a South African cricketer. He was a left-handed batsman and a left-arm medium-fast bowler. Jefferies' career centred around his home country of South Africa, though in 1982 he briefly moved to England, subsequently playing for Derbyshire... |
11 | 39 | 29.92 | 60.3 |
| Alan Kourie Alan Kourie Alan John Kourie is a former South African first class cricketer, who played for Transvaal, from 1970/71 to 1988/89. Educated at Jeppe Boys High, he played for Transvaal in the Nuffield week, and for South African schools in 1970.An all-rounder, he was a slow left-arm orthodox bowler and... |
16 | 38 | 33.60 | 75.8 |
| Vincent van der Bijl | 6 | 29 | 19.86 | 52.9 |
| Clive Rice Clive Rice Clive Edward Butler Rice is a former South African international cricketer. An all-rounder, Rice ended his first class cricket career with a batting average of 40.95 and a bowling average of 22.49.... |
18 | 28 | 22.39 | 56.1 |
Wicketkeeping
| Player | Matches | Caught | Stumped |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ray Jennings Ray Jennings Raymond Vernon Jennings is a former South African cricketer. He was one of South Africa's leading wicket-keepers during the apartheid era.... |
14 | 46 | 4 |
Further reading
- Peter May, The Rebel Tours: Cricket's Crisis of Conscience, SportsBooks, 2009.
- Rodney Hartman, Ali: The Life of Ali Bacher, Penguin, 2004.
- Mihir Bose, Sporting Colours: Sport and Politics in South Africa, Robson Books, 1994.
- Mike Procter with Pat Murphy, South Africa: the years of isolation, Queen Anne Press, 1994.
- Chris Harte, Two Tours and Pollock, Sports Marketing, 1988
- Chris Harte and Warwick Hadfield, Cricket Rebels, QB Books, 1985
External links
- Article on the West Indian rebels from The Courier-MailThe Courier-MailThe Courier-Mail is a daily newspaper published in Brisbane, Australia. Owned by News Limited, it is published daily from Monday to Saturday in tabloid format. Its editorial offices are located at Bowen Hills, in Brisbane's inner northern suburbs, and it is printed at Murarrie, in Brisbane's...
- Article on the West Indies rebel tours from CricinfoCricinfoESPNcricinfo is believed to be the largest cricket-related website on the World Wide Web. Content includes news,articles, live scorecards,live text commentary and a comprehensive and searchable database called 'StatsGuru', of historical matches and players from the 18th century to the present...
- Interview with Ali Bacher and players about the 1989 England rebel tour from CricinfoCricinfoESPNcricinfo is believed to be the largest cricket-related website on the World Wide Web. Content includes news,articles, live scorecards,live text commentary and a comprehensive and searchable database called 'StatsGuru', of historical matches and players from the 18th century to the present...
- Interview with Lawrence Rowe that includes discussion of the rebel tours from Caribbeancricket.com
- The Rebel Tours author archive from WordPress.comWordPress.comWordPress.com is a weblog hosting provider owned by Automattic which opened to beta testers on August 8, 2005 and opened to the public on November 21, 2005. It is powered by the open source WordPress software...