Spanish jazz
Encyclopedia
Jazz in Spain
began with an interest in Dixieland
or New Orleans jazz. In that time it evolved into other styles often influenced by visiting Americans. In 1947 Don Byas
introduced Tete Montoliu
to bebop
and later efforts to fuse jazz with flamenco
occurred. Catalan
and Galician music
is also an influence in some regions.
Still, jazz in Spain initially suffered from many difficulties. One example being that the cultural, political, and economic climate was unsuitable for the creativity and freedom required of a jazz movement. This predates Francisco Franco
's regime to some extent, but his rule placed far more restraints on jazz, due in part to his regime's restrictions and in part due to Spain being isolated on various cultural fronts, preferring an inward-looking, more easily-digested form of culture. Thus, a particularly fruitful period for jazz in general - the period spanning the 40s, 50s and the early 60s - passed almost unnoticed in Spain. The return to democracy, and the development of the economy, has allowed for there to be an increased jazz scene in the last twenty years.
One particular feature of live jazz in Spain is the multitudinous attendance at outdoor jazz festivals, the first of which, the Donostia-San Sebastian Jazz Festival dates back to 1966. It would not be until the mid-70s, however, that major international figures would attend the festival, including, over the years, Charles Mingus
, Tete Montoliu
, Ella Fitzgerald
, Oscar Peterson
, Dizzy Gillespie
, Herbie Hancock
, Lionel Hampton
, John Lee Hooker
, Sonny Rollins
, B.B. King, Woody Herman
, Freddie Hubbard
, Weather Report
, Gato Barbieri
, Art Blakey
, Mercer Ellington
, McCoy Tyner
, Chick Corea
, Clark Terry
, and Miles Davis
.
The festival held in Vitoria-Gasteiz
, set up in 1977, also attracts major international names.
In a related vein Spanish classical or folk music has been an influence on jazz musicians both inside and outside of Spain. Concierto de Aranjuez
by Joaquín Rodrigo
has been interpreted by Miles Davis
and, in a non-jazz version, by Paco de Lucía
.
See also: :es:Categoría:Músicos de jazz de España
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
began with an interest in Dixieland
Dixieland
Dixieland music, sometimes referred to as Hot jazz, Early Jazz or New Orleans jazz, is a style of jazz music which developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century, and was spread to Chicago and New York City by New Orleans bands in the 1910s.Well-known jazz standard songs from the...
or New Orleans jazz. In that time it evolved into other styles often influenced by visiting Americans. In 1947 Don Byas
Don Byas
Carlos Wesley "Don" Byas was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, long-resident in Europe.- Oklahoma and Los Angeles :...
introduced Tete Montoliu
Tete Montoliu
Tete Montoliu was a jazz pianist from Catalonia, Spain. His real name was Vicenç Montoliu i Massana.- Biography :He was born blind, in the Eixample district of Barcelona, and died in the same city....
to bebop
Bebop
Bebop differed drastically from the straightforward compositions of the swing era, and was instead characterized by fast tempos, asymmetrical phrasing, intricate melodies, and rhythm sections that expanded on their role as tempo-keepers...
and later efforts to fuse jazz with flamenco
Flamenco
Flamenco is a genre of music and dance which has its foundation in Andalusian music and dance and in whose evolution Andalusian Gypsies played an important part....
occurred. Catalan
Catalan people
The Catalans or Catalonians are the people from, or with origins in, Catalonia that form a historical nationality in Spain. The inhabitants of the adjacent portion of southern France are sometimes included in this definition...
and Galician music
Music of Galicia, Cantabria and Asturias
The traditional music of Galicia and Asturias, located along Spain's north-west Atlantic coast, are highly distinctive folk styles that have some similarities with the neighbouring area of Cantabria...
is also an influence in some regions.
Still, jazz in Spain initially suffered from many difficulties. One example being that the cultural, political, and economic climate was unsuitable for the creativity and freedom required of a jazz movement. This predates Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco
Francisco Franco y Bahamonde was a Spanish general, dictator and head of state of Spain from October 1936 , and de facto regent of the nominally restored Kingdom of Spain from 1947 until his death in November, 1975...
's regime to some extent, but his rule placed far more restraints on jazz, due in part to his regime's restrictions and in part due to Spain being isolated on various cultural fronts, preferring an inward-looking, more easily-digested form of culture. Thus, a particularly fruitful period for jazz in general - the period spanning the 40s, 50s and the early 60s - passed almost unnoticed in Spain. The return to democracy, and the development of the economy, has allowed for there to be an increased jazz scene in the last twenty years.
One particular feature of live jazz in Spain is the multitudinous attendance at outdoor jazz festivals, the first of which, the Donostia-San Sebastian Jazz Festival dates back to 1966. It would not be until the mid-70s, however, that major international figures would attend the festival, including, over the years, Charles Mingus
Charles Mingus
Charles Mingus Jr. was an American jazz musician, composer, bandleader, and civil rights activist.Mingus's compositions retained the hot and soulful feel of hard bop and drew heavily from black gospel music while sometimes drawing on elements of Third stream, free jazz, and classical music...
, Tete Montoliu
Tete Montoliu
Tete Montoliu was a jazz pianist from Catalonia, Spain. His real name was Vicenç Montoliu i Massana.- Biography :He was born blind, in the Eixample district of Barcelona, and died in the same city....
, Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Jane Fitzgerald , also known as the "First Lady of Song" and "Lady Ella," was an American jazz and song vocalist...
, Oscar Peterson
Oscar Peterson
Oscar Emmanuel Peterson was a Canadian jazz pianist and composer. He was called the "Maharaja of the keyboard" by Duke Ellington, "O.P." by his friends. He released over 200 recordings, won seven Grammy Awards, and received other numerous awards and honours over the course of his career...
, Dizzy Gillespie
Dizzy Gillespie
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer dubbed "the sound of surprise".Together with Charlie Parker, he was a major figure in the development of bebop and modern jazz...
, Herbie Hancock
Herbie Hancock
Herbert Jeffrey "Herbie" Hancock is an American pianist, bandleader and composer. As part of Miles Davis's "second great quintet," Hancock helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the "post-bop" sound...
, Lionel Hampton
Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton was an American jazz vibraphonist, pianist, percussionist, bandleader and actor. Like Red Norvo, he was one of the first jazz vibraphone players. Hampton ranks among the great names in jazz history, having worked with a who's who of jazz musicians, from Benny Goodman and Buddy...
, John Lee Hooker
John Lee Hooker
John Lee Hooker was an American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist.Hooker began his life as the son of a sharecropper, William Hooker, and rose to prominence performing his own unique style of what was originally closest to Delta blues. He developed a 'talking blues' style that was his trademark...
, Sonny Rollins
Sonny Rollins
Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins is a Grammy-winning American jazz tenor saxophonist. Rollins is widely recognized as one of the most important and influential jazz musicians. A number of his compositions, including "St...
, B.B. King, Woody Herman
Woody Herman
Woodrow Charles Herman , known as Woody Herman, was an American jazz clarinetist, alto and soprano saxophonist, singer, and big band leader. Leading various groups called "The Herd," Herman was one of the most popular of the 1930s and '40s bandleaders...
, Freddie Hubbard
Freddie Hubbard
Frederick Dewayne "Freddie" Hubbard was an American jazz trumpeter. He was known primarily for playing in the bebop, hard bop and post bop styles from the early 1960s and on...
, Weather Report
Weather Report
Weather Report was an American jazz-rock band of the 1970s and early 1980s. The band was co-led by the Austrian-born keyboard player Joe Zawinul and the American saxophonist Wayne Shorter...
, Gato Barbieri
Gato Barbieri
Leandro Barbieri , better known as Gato Barbieri , is an Argentinean jazz tenor saxophonist and composer who rose to fame during the free jazz movement in the 1960s and from his latin jazz recordings in the 1970s.-Biography:Born to a family of musicians, Barbieri began playing music...
, Art Blakey
Art Blakey
Arthur "Art" Blakey , known later as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina, was an American Grammy Award-winning jazz drummer and bandleader. He was a member of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community....
, Mercer Ellington
Mercer Ellington
Mercer Kennedy Ellington was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and arranger.Ellington was born in Washington, DC, the son of famous composer, pianist, and bandleader Duke Ellington...
, McCoy Tyner
McCoy Tyner
McCoy Tyner is a jazz pianist from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, known for his work with the John Coltrane Quartet and a long solo career.-Early life:...
, Chick Corea
Chick Corea
Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist, and composer.Many of his compositions are considered jazz standards. As a member of Miles Davis' band in the 1960s, he participated in the birth of the electric jazz fusion movement. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever...
, Clark Terry
Clark Terry
Clark Terry is an American swing and bop trumpeter, a pioneer of the fluegelhorn in jazz, educator, NEA Jazz Masters inductee, and recipient of the 2010 Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award...
, and Miles Davis
Miles Davis
Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. Widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, Miles Davis was, with his musical groups, at the forefront of several major developments in jazz music, including bebop, cool jazz,...
.
The festival held in Vitoria-Gasteiz
Vitoria-Gasteiz
Vitoria-Gasteiz is the capital city of the province of Álava and of the autonomous community of the Basque Country in northern Spain with a population of 235,661 people. It is the second largest Basque city...
, set up in 1977, also attracts major international names.
In a related vein Spanish classical or folk music has been an influence on jazz musicians both inside and outside of Spain. Concierto de Aranjuez
Concierto de Aranjuez
The Concierto de Aranjuez is a composition for classical guitar and orchestra by the Spanish composer Joaquín Rodrigo. Written in 1939, it is probably Rodrigo's best-known work, and its success established his reputation as one of the most significant Spanish composers of the twentieth century. ...
by Joaquín Rodrigo
Joaquín Rodrigo
Joaquín Rodrigo Vidre, 1st Marquis of the Gardens of Aranjuez , commonly known as Joaquín Rodrigo, was a composer of classical music and a virtuoso pianist. Despite being nearly blind from an early age, he achieved great success...
has been interpreted by Miles Davis
Miles Davis
Miles Dewey Davis III was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. Widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century, Miles Davis was, with his musical groups, at the forefront of several major developments in jazz music, including bebop, cool jazz,...
and, in a non-jazz version, by Paco de Lucía
Paco de Lucía
Paco de Lucía, born Francisco Sánchez Gómez , is a Spanish virtuoso flamenco guitarist and composer. He is considered by many to be one of the finest guitarists in the world and the greatest guitarist of the flamenco genre...
.
Jazz festivals
- Festival de Jazz de Vitoria (Vitoria-GasteizVitoria-GasteizVitoria-Gasteiz is the capital city of the province of Álava and of the autonomous community of the Basque Country in northern Spain with a population of 235,661 people. It is the second largest Basque city...
) http://www.jazzvitoria.com/ - Festival de Jazz de San Sebastian (Donostia-San Sebastian) http://www.jazzaldia.com
- Festival de Jazz de Barcelona
- Festival de Jazz de Terrassa (TerrassaTerrassaTerrassa is a city in the east central region of Catalonia, Spain, in the comarca of Vallès Occidental, of which it is the co-capital along with Sabadell, the historic capital....
)http://www.terrassa.com/ - Festival de Jazz de Valencia
- Festival de Jazz de Madrid
- Atacdejazz (Tarrega)
- Iberojazz (A Coruña)
- Festival Internacional de Jazz de Peñíscola (Castelló)
Barcelona
- Jamboree: most famous Spanish jazz club
- JazzSí Club Taller de Músics
- Harlem Jazz Club
- Bel·luna
- El Foro : Argentinian style restaurant. Jam session every Wednesday
- Nova jazz cava (Terrassa)
- Jazz Cava (Vic)
- Robadors 23- Barcelona
Madrid
- Calle 54
- Café Populart
- Café central
- Clamores
- El Berlín Jazz Café
- El Junco
- Bogui Jazz (currently closed)
Other Jazz clubs
Jazz musicians in Spain
- Diego Amador - Pianist in flamenco and jazz.
- Ester AndújarEster AndujarEster Andujar , born 1976 in Valencia, is a Spanish jazz singer notable among the younger generation of Spanish jazz musicians....
- Singer - Juan d'AnyelicaJuan d'AnyelicaJuan d'Anyelica is a Jazz Flamenco guitarist from Spain who plays extensively throughout Mexico. Recently, he appeared on Paco de Lucia's album Cositas Buenas. Furthermore, he has appeared at the Cancun Jazz Festival...
- Guitarist in flamenco and jazz. - Paloma BerganzaPaloma BerganzaPaloma Berganza was born in Madrid, she studied guitar, solfege and harmony at the Real Conservatorio Superior de Música in Madrid. She studied vocal interpretation and accompaniment with composer/guitarist Jorge Cardoso, classical singing with Angeles Chamorro and Concha Doñaque, vocal jazz with...
- Singer - Albert Bover - Pianist
- Carme Canela - Singer
- Miguel Angel Chastang - Bassist
- Alberto CondeAlberto CondeAlberto Conde is a Galician Jazz pianist and composer. He started studying classic guitar with Tomás Camacho before he played piano and Jazz.His creative style often combines elements of different genres, such as muñeira, bulería, waltz, jota, etc., being "World Jazz" as result...
- Pianist. - Alexis Cuadrado - Bassist
- Chano DomínguezChano DomínguezChano Domínguez is a Latin jazz, post bop and flamenco jazz pianist. He began in the progressive rock group CAI before moving on to jazz...
- Pianist - Josep Maria Farràs - Trumpeter
- Agustí Fernández - Barcelona based Pianist
- José Luis Gámez - Guitarist
- Jesús Gabaldón - Bassist in jazz and rock
- Pedro IturraldePedro IturraldePedro Iturralde, born 1929, is a Spanish saxophonist, saxophone teacher and composer.He began his musical studies with his father and performed in his first professional engagements on saxophone at age eleven. He graduated from the Royal Conservatory of Music in Madrid, where he studied clarinet,...
- Saxophonist in jazz and classical. - Ramón LópezRamón LópezJosé Ramón López Hevia was a professional baseball player who played one season for the California Angels of Major League Baseball.-References:...
- Drummer, spent much of his life in FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France... - Baldo Martínez - bassist
- David Mengual - bassist
- Tete MontoliuTete MontoliuTete Montoliu was a jazz pianist from Catalonia, Spain. His real name was Vicenç Montoliu i Massana.- Biography :He was born blind, in the Eixample district of Barcelona, and died in the same city....
- Pianist - Benet Palet - Trumpeter
- Jorge Pardo - Saxophonist and flautist who worked with Chick CoreaChick CoreaArmando Anthony "Chick" Corea is an American jazz pianist, keyboardist, and composer.Many of his compositions are considered jazz standards. As a member of Miles Davis' band in the 1960s, he participated in the birth of the electric jazz fusion movement. In the 1970s he formed Return to Forever...
- Oscar PeñasÓscar PeñasÓscar Peñas García is a male judoka from Spain, who competed in three consecutive Summer Olympics: 2000, 2004, and 2008.-Achievements:-References:* on JudoInside.com*...
- Guitarist and Composerwww.oscarpenas.com - Alberto Porro CarmonaAlberto Porro CarmonaAlberto Porro Carmona is a Spanish conductor, composer, author, music lecturer, teacher and saxophonist. He has led several important European and American orchestras. Currently he works as music conductor at Akureyri School of Music...
- Jazz Conductor, musicologist, compositor and saxophone player - Mario RossiMario RossiMario Rossi was an Italian conductor, noted for his solid and meticulous readings of a repertory ranging from Italian classics to Russian moderns such as Prokoffiev, to the German operatic classicist Christoph Willibald Gluck.He studied composition in Rome with Respighi and conducting with Giacomo...
- Samba and jazz - Jorge RossyJorge RossyJorge Rossy is a jazz drummer. He started playing drums at age 11.Between 1980 and 1989, he toured and recorded extensively with several musicians in the Spanish jazz scene, as well as with internationally acclaimed artists such as Woody Shaw, Kenny Wheeler, Jack Walrath, Dave Schinitter, Sal...
- Drummer who worked 10 years with the first trio of Brad MehldauBrad MehldauBrad Mehldau is an American jazz pianist. Besides leading his own group, the Brad Mehldau Trio, he has performed with many renowned artists, including Pat Metheny, Wayne Shorter, Larry Grenadier, Peter Bernstein, Jeff Ballard, Joshua Redman, Christian McBride, Michael Brecker, Chris Potter, Kurt... - Perico Sambeat - Saxophonist, flamenco nominee in Latin Grammy Awards of 2005Latin Grammy Awards of 2005The 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards were held in Los Angeles at the Shrine Auditorium on Thursday, November 3, 2005. It was the first ceremony to be broadcast by Univision in the United States. Ivan Lins was the big winner winning two awards including Album of the Year. He is the first and only...
- Albert Sanz - Pianist
- Antonio Serrano (musician) - Harmonica
- Ximo Tebar - Guitarist
- Ignasi TerrazaIgnasi TerrazaIgnasi Terraza , is a Catalan jazz pianist. Blind from the age of 10, he currently leads his own jazz trio playing both standards and tunes composed by himself and the band members, Frenchmen Pierre Boussaguet on bass and Jean Pierre Derouard on drums. The trio has toured Spain, Portugal, France...
- Pianist - David Xirgu - drummer
- Xavier Dotras - Pianist
- Igor Prochazka - Pianist
See also: :es:Categoría:Músicos de jazz de España