Spytihnev II of Bohemia
Encyclopedia
Spytihnev II (1031 – 28 January 1061) was the duke of Bohemia from March 1055 until his death in 1061. He was the eldest son of Bretislaus I. His coronation was celebrated with the first known rendition of Lord, Have Mercy on Us
. After succeeding to the throne, he went at once to Regensburg
to receive imperial confirmation. This loyalty to the Holy Roman Empire
did not prevent him from expelling all Germans from his lands. This new anti-German policy continued to his death.
The Investiture Controversy
impending, Pope Victor II
sought the alliance of the Bohemian duke. Thus, Rome granted the right to Spytihnev of wearing the mitre and tunic of a bishop for the annual sum of 100 marks. His brothers having inherited Moravia
, Spytihnev tried to reduce their authority by arresting 300 Moravian magnates and stripping his brothers of their rights in the province. Thus, Vratislaus of Olomouc
fled to Hungary
in 1058.
Spytihnev was succeeded by Vratislaus, who in turn entrusted Moravia
to his brother Conrad
. His son Swatobor entered the church and became Patriarch of Aquileia
.
Lord, Have Mercy on Us
Lord, Have Mercy on Us is English name for the oldest recorded song from Czech lands, the hymn Hospodine pomiluj ny. A paraphrase of the Kyrie Eleison with deep choral melody, the song is very impressive. Its text preserves traces of Church Slavonic origin.-History:Author of the song, dating from...
. After succeeding to the throne, he went at once to Regensburg
Regensburg
Regensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...
to receive imperial confirmation. This loyalty to the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
did not prevent him from expelling all Germans from his lands. This new anti-German policy continued to his death.
The Investiture Controversy
Investiture Controversy
The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of Popes challenged the authority of European monarchies over control of appointments, or investitures, of church officials such...
impending, Pope Victor II
Pope Victor II
Pope Victor II , born Gebhard, Count of Calw, Tollenstein, and Hirschberg, was Pope from 1055 to 1057. He was one of a series of German reform Popes.-Life:...
sought the alliance of the Bohemian duke. Thus, Rome granted the right to Spytihnev of wearing the mitre and tunic of a bishop for the annual sum of 100 marks. His brothers having inherited Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
, Spytihnev tried to reduce their authority by arresting 300 Moravian magnates and stripping his brothers of their rights in the province. Thus, Vratislaus of Olomouc
Vratislaus II of Bohemia
-Literature:*Vratislav Vaníček: Vratislav II. . První český král. Vyšehrad 2004, ISBN 80-7021-655-7*Hans Patze: Die Pegauer Annalen, die Königserhebung Wratislaws v. Böhmen und die Anfänge der Stadt Pegau. JGMODtl 12, 1963, 1-62...
fled to Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
in 1058.
Spytihnev was succeeded by Vratislaus, who in turn entrusted Moravia
Moravia
Moravia is a historical region in Central Europe in the east of the Czech Republic, and one of the former Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Silesia. It takes its name from the Morava River which rises in the northwest of the region...
to his brother Conrad
Conrad I of Bohemia
Conrad I of Brno was the duke of Bohemia for eight months in 1092. He was the brother and successor of Vratislaus II . He was the third son of Bretislaus I and Judith of Schweinfurt...
. His son Swatobor entered the church and became Patriarch of Aquileia
Patriarch of Aquileia
The Patriarch of Aquileia was an office in the Roman Catholic Church. During the Middle Ages the Patriarchate of Aquileia was a temporal state in Northern Italy. The Patriarchate of Aquileia as a church office was suppressed in 1752....
.