Stanley Coren
Encyclopedia
Stanley Coren is a psychology
professor and neuropsychological researcher who has become best known to the general public for a series of books regarding the intelligence, mental abilities and history of dog
s. Through television shows and media coverage that has been broadcast in Canada
and the United States
as well as overseas, he has become popular with dog owners, while continuing research and instruction in psychology at the University of British Columbia
in Vancouver, British Columbia.
in 1942 and attended undergraduate classes at the University of Pennsylvania
before earning his doctorate
at Stanford University
. He went on to teach in The Graduate Faculty of The New School for Social Research in New York, New York before moving to the University of British Columbia in 1973, where he was a psychology professor and the Director of the Human Neuropsychology and Perception Laboratory until 2007. He continues to teach and do research as a professor emeritus.
Outside of the classroom, Coren is an aficionado of dogs, and has made a long career of research into dog behaviour that has led him to national television and into international media. He is an instructor with the Vancouver Dog Obedience
Training Club, and has participated in numerous obedience trials and competitions across Canada. In the process his dogs have earned numerous obedience titles.
, Nature
http://search.nature.com/search/?sp-q=%22Stanley+Coren%22&sp-x-9=cat&sp-s=date&submit=go&sp_a=sp1001702d&sp_sfvl_field=subject%7Cujournal&sp_t=results&sp_x_1=ujournal&sp_p_1=phrase, The New England Journal of Medicine and many more. His research has been recognized with numerous awards over the years, including being named as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
. One of his publications, Sensation and Perception, has been listed as required reading for university coursework and went through six editions before his retirement in 2007.
Coren's research which has been most influential in psychology can be divided into four distinct areas.
Later Coren and A. Ralph Hakstian developed methods for screening vision and hearing without the use of technical equipment, using behaviorally validated questionnaires. These allow group or survey testing for sensory deficits specifically for color blindness
, color discrimination ability, visual acuity
, binocular vision
and steropsis and hearing sensitivity or absolute threshold of hearing
. These tests have been widely disseminated and can be found reprinted in various psychological and sensory textbooks.
which showed that left-handers have shorter life spans, often dying younger because of accidents or problems associated with a compromised immune system (possibly a long-term consequence of birth stress related trauma). Although originally the source of much controversy, with confirming data coming from a number of other laboratories, these conclusions have become well enough accepted to appear in basic psychological textbooks. The discovery of a possible genetic basis of left-handedness suggests that there may be two types of left-handers, natural left-handers and a separate group who arrive at their left-handedness because of birth stress and are more susceptible to immune system related problems.
The issue of handedness and physical and mental health continues to be an actively researched topic. For example, recent results confirm relationships between various birth stresses and the appearance of left-handedness, Furthermore handedness and mental status continues to be explored with reports of associations between left-handedness and reduced cognitive performance, psychological problems such as depression
, and negative emotional states, However recently researchers are beginning to suggest that one should be talking about non-right-handedness (deviations from consistent right-handedness which includes not only left-handedness but mixed- or inconsistent-handedness) as being a more significant marker for problems than left-handedness itself.
and that this is contributing to accidents, psychological disturbances, and increased susceptibility to illness. This line of reasoning eventually led to the series of studies which demonstrated that simply losing one hour of sleep due to the shift to daylight saving time
can cause an increase in traffic accidents and other accident related fatalities on the Monday following the time change
Overall, it is probably true that for scientific audiences Coren is best known for his neuropsychological contributions while for the general public he is best known for his writing and research concerning dogs, dog behavior, and the relationship between dogs and people.
Arguably, however, it was the 1994 publication of "The Intelligence Of Dogs" that brought Coren to the public eye. A combination of Coren's background in psychology and his long-lasting love of dogs, the book became an international hit, and has gone through 16 printings to this point.
Since then, Coren has gone on to pen a number of other books on dog intelligence, dog learning and thinking ability, the human canine bond and its implications for people in modern society that have continued to make him a favourite among dog lovers.
His books have been well received internationally. For example, "The Intelligence of Dogs" has been translated into 26 different languages.
A list of his best known books (listing the most recent editions of each) includes:
, AnimalSense, and "Pets Magazine". In addition he was both on the editorial board and a regular contributor to "Pets: Part of the Family", and is currently on the editorial board and a contributor to the magazine "Puppy and Dog Basics Magazine." He also does the bi-monthly “Canine Corner” informational blog on the Psychology Today
Website.
in Canada and syndicated in Australia and New Zealand. The show is focused on training for the family dog, including how to read body language and how to test his intelligence. He is also one of the human stars of The Animal Attraction, an Australian Broadcasting Corporation
program. Most recently he is regularly featured on the TV show Pet Central which is broadcast on the Pet Network in Canada.
Coren was also involved in the development of The Dog Companion DVD series aimed at aiding dogs with separation issues, providing video intended to give dogs something they can watch when left alone.
and a Killam Senior Research Fellow. In recognition of the quality of his work he has been elected to fellowship status by numerous professional societies including, the American Psychological Association
, Canadian Psychological Association
and the Association for Psychological Science
,. Other honors include a Canadian Psychiatric Association Research Award (1992) and the Robert E. Knox Master Teacher Award.
His writing and his books have also received numerous honors including the Animal Behavior Society's Outstanding Children's Book Award for 2007. He was named "Writer of the Year" by the International Positive Dog Training Association. His book “Why Do Dogs Have Wet Noses” was named as one of the top 10 Canadian children’s books of 2006 by the Ontario Library Association, and received the Red Cedar Book Award (2009) for best nonfiction children’s book (sponsored by library associations in British Columbia). He was also a finalist for Dog Writers Association of America, Award in Magazine Feature category for “Guardian Angel” (2008) and a finalist for Los Angeles Times book award for "The Left-hander Syndrome" (1992)
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
professor and neuropsychological researcher who has become best known to the general public for a series of books regarding the intelligence, mental abilities and history of dog
Dog
The domestic dog is a domesticated form of the gray wolf, a member of the Canidae family of the order Carnivora. The term is used for both feral and pet varieties. The dog may have been the first animal to be domesticated, and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and companion animal in...
s. Through television shows and media coverage that has been broadcast in Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
as well as overseas, he has become popular with dog owners, while continuing research and instruction in psychology at the University of British Columbia
University of British Columbia
The University of British Columbia is a public research university. UBC’s two main campuses are situated in Vancouver and in Kelowna in the Okanagan Valley...
in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Background
Coren was born in Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States,...
in 1942 and attended undergraduate classes at the University of Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League university located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Penn is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States,Penn is the fourth-oldest using the founding dates claimed by each institution...
before earning his doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
at Stanford University
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San...
. He went on to teach in The Graduate Faculty of The New School for Social Research in New York, New York before moving to the University of British Columbia in 1973, where he was a psychology professor and the Director of the Human Neuropsychology and Perception Laboratory until 2007. He continues to teach and do research as a professor emeritus.
Outside of the classroom, Coren is an aficionado of dogs, and has made a long career of research into dog behaviour that has led him to national television and into international media. He is an instructor with the Vancouver Dog Obedience
Obedience training
Obedience training usually refers to the training of a dog and the term is most commonly used in that context. Obedience training ranges from very basic training, such as teaching the dog to reliably respond to basic commands such as "sit", "down", "come", and "stay", to high level competition...
Training Club, and has participated in numerous obedience trials and competitions across Canada. In the process his dogs have earned numerous obedience titles.
Research
In his career, Coren has produced research papers and published items in a wide range of psychological areas including sensory processes (vision and hearing), neuropsychology (handedness, sleep, birth stress effects and behavior genetics) and cognition (information processing and intelligence). He has published more than 400 papers and articles in journals like ScienceScience (journal)
Science is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is one of the world's top scientific journals....
, Nature
Nature (journal)
Nature, first published on 4 November 1869, is ranked the world's most cited interdisciplinary scientific journal by the Science Edition of the 2010 Journal Citation Reports...
http://search.nature.com/search/?sp-q=%22Stanley+Coren%22&sp-x-9=cat&sp-s=date&submit=go&sp_a=sp1001702d&sp_sfvl_field=subject%7Cujournal&sp_t=results&sp_x_1=ujournal&sp_p_1=phrase, The New England Journal of Medicine and many more. His research has been recognized with numerous awards over the years, including being named as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
Royal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada , may also operate under the more descriptive name RSC: The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada , is the oldest association of scientists and scholars in Canada...
. One of his publications, Sensation and Perception, has been listed as required reading for university coursework and went through six editions before his retirement in 2007.
Coren's research which has been most influential in psychology can be divided into four distinct areas.
Sensory Processes
Coren began his research career studying vision and visual processes. Much of his early work dealt with various visual illusions, and was done in collaboration with Joan. S. Girgus. They are credited with reopening the interest of psychologists in these visual phenomena, and pointing out how they shed light on basic visual processing. He is also credited with several breakthroughs in the study of what is known as subjective contours or illusory contoursIllusory contours
Illusory contours or subjective contours are a form of visual illusion where contours are perceived without a luminance or color change across the contour. Friedrich Schumann discovered illusory contours.-Examples:...
Later Coren and A. Ralph Hakstian developed methods for screening vision and hearing without the use of technical equipment, using behaviorally validated questionnaires. These allow group or survey testing for sensory deficits specifically for color blindness
Color blindness
Color blindness or color vision deficiency is the inability or decreased ability to see color, or perceive color differences, under lighting conditions when color vision is not normally impaired...
, color discrimination ability, visual acuity
Visual acuity
Visual acuity is acuteness or clearness of vision, which is dependent on the sharpness of the retinal focus within the eye and the sensitivity of the interpretative faculty of the brain....
, binocular vision
Binocular vision
Binocular vision is vision in which both eyes are used together. The word binocular comes from two Latin roots, bini for double, and oculus for eye. Having two eyes confers at least four advantages over having one. First, it gives a creature a spare eye in case one is damaged. Second, it gives a...
and steropsis and hearing sensitivity or absolute threshold of hearing
Absolute threshold of hearing
The absolute threshold of hearing is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sound present. The absolute threshold relates to the sound that can just be heard by the organism...
. These tests have been widely disseminated and can be found reprinted in various psychological and sensory textbooks.
Handedness
A body of research that caught the public interest to a great extent, was Coren's work on left-handedness. With his co-researchers, Diane F. Halpern, Clare Porac, and Alan Searleman he studied the causes and consequences of left-handedness. Specifically his research led him to believe that left-handedness could be a marker for various psychological and physical problems. The media became interested in this work when findings began to emerge indicating that left-handedness was often associated with difficult or stressful births. Research showing that left-handers were much more susceptible to accident-related injuries because the constructed world and most machinery and tools are designed for the safety and convenience of right-handers evoked a great deal of interest and press coverage. However the work that caused the largest stir and the most controversy was a series of studies in collaboration with Diane F. HalpernDiane F. Halpern
Diane F. Halpern is an American psychologist and past-president of the American Psychological Association .Halpern received her B.A. from University of Pennsylvania and an M.A. from Temple University. She then received an M.A., from University of Cincinnati, followed by a Ph.D. from that...
which showed that left-handers have shorter life spans, often dying younger because of accidents or problems associated with a compromised immune system (possibly a long-term consequence of birth stress related trauma). Although originally the source of much controversy, with confirming data coming from a number of other laboratories, these conclusions have become well enough accepted to appear in basic psychological textbooks. The discovery of a possible genetic basis of left-handedness suggests that there may be two types of left-handers, natural left-handers and a separate group who arrive at their left-handedness because of birth stress and are more susceptible to immune system related problems.
The issue of handedness and physical and mental health continues to be an actively researched topic. For example, recent results confirm relationships between various birth stresses and the appearance of left-handedness, Furthermore handedness and mental status continues to be explored with reports of associations between left-handedness and reduced cognitive performance, psychological problems such as depression
Depression (mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behaviour, feelings and physical well-being. Depressed people may feel sad, anxious, empty, hopeless, helpless, worthless, guilty, irritable, or restless...
, and negative emotional states, However recently researchers are beginning to suggest that one should be talking about non-right-handedness (deviations from consistent right-handedness which includes not only left-handedness but mixed- or inconsistent-handedness) as being a more significant marker for problems than left-handedness itself.
Sleep
The third area of neuropsychology where Coren contributed significant research has to do with his conclusion that as a society we are chronically suffering from sleep deprivationSleep deprivation
Sleep deprivation is the condition of not having enough sleep; it can be either chronic or acute. A chronic sleep-restricted state can cause fatigue, daytime sleepiness, clumsiness and weight loss or weight gain. It adversely affects the brain and cognitive function. Few studies have compared the...
and that this is contributing to accidents, psychological disturbances, and increased susceptibility to illness. This line of reasoning eventually led to the series of studies which demonstrated that simply losing one hour of sleep due to the shift to daylight saving time
Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time —also summer time in several countries including in British English and European official terminology —is the practice of temporarily advancing clocks during the summertime so that afternoons have more daylight and mornings have less...
can cause an increase in traffic accidents and other accident related fatalities on the Monday following the time change
Dog Behavior and the Human Canine Bond
Later in his career, Coren shifted to the study of canine behavior and the relationship that people have with their dogs. This shift away from neuropsychological research also marked a shift in his publishing strategy, away from single study publications in research journals, to publication of his new data as part of material presented in book form. Many of his books on dogs do contain hithertofore unpublished empirical data. For example his book "The Intelligence of Dogs" is based on a survey sent to all of the dog obedience judges in the United States and Canada, and resulted in the ranking of 110 dog breeds by intelligence. This ranking caused a rather large media stir. His book "Why we love the dogs we do" looks at the personality of people and how the owner's personality predicts their relationship with various dog breeds. It is based on a survey of more than 6000 people who took a personality test and reported on their experiences with the various dogs that they have owned. This book proved to be very popular and Coren's personality test is now used by some dog shelters to determine whether prosepective owners are suitable for a particular breed of dog. Similarly, his book "Why does my dog act that way?" uses data from approximately a thousand dogs to determine features of the personality of various dog breeds. However other books that he has written on dog behavior have provided less formal data presentation and in these his creative contribution is based on the organization and interpretation of the research of others, as is the case in "How to speak dog". These books have also been well accepted and have been proven to be very popular.Overall, it is probably true that for scientific audiences Coren is best known for his neuropsychological contributions while for the general public he is best known for his writing and research concerning dogs, dog behavior, and the relationship between dogs and people.
Books
Coren's first widely recognized book outside of professional psychology circles was 1993's "The Left-Hander Syndrome: the causes and consequences of left-handedness," which presented data on the significant challenges faced by left-handed people in society. His research was discussed widely, and has been printed and discussed in a number of professional journals such as The Psychiatric Times. His next book was "Sleep Thieves," the result of his studies into sleep and the lack of it. The book examined how the reduction of sleeping time in modern society has created problems of sleep deprivation for many people.Arguably, however, it was the 1994 publication of "The Intelligence Of Dogs" that brought Coren to the public eye. A combination of Coren's background in psychology and his long-lasting love of dogs, the book became an international hit, and has gone through 16 printings to this point.
Since then, Coren has gone on to pen a number of other books on dog intelligence, dog learning and thinking ability, the human canine bond and its implications for people in modern society that have continued to make him a favourite among dog lovers.
His books have been well received internationally. For example, "The Intelligence of Dogs" has been translated into 26 different languages.
A list of his best known books (listing the most recent editions of each) includes:
- Born to Bark: My Adventures with an Irrepressible and Unforgettable Dog. (Free Press, 2010)
- Dogs All-In-One for Dummies. (Wiley, 2010)
- The Modern Dog. (Free Press, 2008)
- Why do dogs have wet noses? (Kids Can Press, 2008) [Winner of the Animal Behavior Society's award for Best Children's Book]
- Understanding your dog for dummies. (Wiley Publishing Inc. 2007)
- Why does my dog act that way? A complete guide to your dog’s personality. (Free Press, 2006)
- The Intelligence of Dogs (Free Press,2006) [Revised and updated edition, first edition 1993]
- Sensation and Perception 6th ed. (John Wiley & Sons, 2004) [First edition 1978]
- The Pawprints of history: Dogs and the course of human events. (Free Press, 2003)
- How to speak dog: Mastering the art of dog-human communication. (Fireside Books, Simon & Schuster, 2001)
- Why We Love The Dogs We Do. (Free Press, 1998)
- What Do Dogs Know? (Free Press, 1997)
- Sleep Thieves. (Free Press, 1996)
- The left-hander syndrome: the causes and consequences of left-handedness. (Vintage Books, 1993) [Revised edition with new "Afterword", first edition 1991][Finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Award]
- Left-handedness: Behavioral implications and anomalies. (Advances in Psychology, North-Holland, 1990)
- Lateral preferences and human behavior. (Springer Verlag, 1981)
- Seeing is Deceiving: The Psycholosgy of Visual Illusions. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1978).
Other publications
Coren is also a regular contributor to a number of dog and pet related magazines including Modern dog (magazine)Modern dog (magazine)
Modern Dog Magazine is a dog-centric magazine published quarterly. Started in 2002 by current publisher / Editor-in-Chief Connie Wilson, the magazine has grown to one of the largest dog-related publications in North America....
, AnimalSense, and "Pets Magazine". In addition he was both on the editorial board and a regular contributor to "Pets: Part of the Family", and is currently on the editorial board and a contributor to the magazine "Puppy and Dog Basics Magazine." He also does the bi-monthly “Canine Corner” informational blog on the Psychology Today
Psychology Today
Psychology Today is a bi-monthly magazine published in the United States. It is a psychology-based magazine about relationships, health, and related topics written for a mass audience of non-psychologists. Psychology Today was founded in 1967 and features articles on such topics as love,...
Website.
Television
With the success of "The Intelligence Of Dogs," Coren received substantial media coverage, appearing on shows throughout Canada and the United States, as well as being cited by major newspapers throughout North America. His success led to the creation of the television show Good Dog!, appearing on the Life NetworkLife Network
Slice is a Canadian English language Category A specialty channel owned by Shaw Media. Slice is a lifestyle channel directed towards women with programming including talk shows, reality television and more.-History:...
in Canada and syndicated in Australia and New Zealand. The show is focused on training for the family dog, including how to read body language and how to test his intelligence. He is also one of the human stars of The Animal Attraction, an Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly referred to as "the ABC" , is Australia's national public broadcaster...
program. Most recently he is regularly featured on the TV show Pet Central which is broadcast on the Pet Network in Canada.
Coren was also involved in the development of The Dog Companion DVD series aimed at aiding dogs with separation issues, providing video intended to give dogs something they can watch when left alone.
Awards and honors
Coren's psychological research and teaching has been honored many times including being named as a Fellow of the Royal Society of CanadaRoyal Society of Canada
The Royal Society of Canada , may also operate under the more descriptive name RSC: The Academies of Arts, Humanities and Sciences of Canada , is the oldest association of scientists and scholars in Canada...
and a Killam Senior Research Fellow. In recognition of the quality of his work he has been elected to fellowship status by numerous professional societies including, the American Psychological Association
American Psychological Association
The American Psychological Association is the largest scientific and professional organization of psychologists in the United States. It is the world's largest association of psychologists with around 154,000 members including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants and students. The APA...
, Canadian Psychological Association
Canadian Psychological Association
The Canadian Psychological Association is the primary organization representing psychologists throughout Canada. It was organized in 1939 and incorporated under the Canada Corporations Act, Part II, in May 1950.Its objectives are:...
and the Association for Psychological Science
Association for Psychological Science
The Association for Psychological Science , previously the American Psychological Society, is a non-profit international organization whose mission is to promote, protect, and advance the interests of scientifically oriented psychology in research, application, teaching, and the improvement of...
,. Other honors include a Canadian Psychiatric Association Research Award (1992) and the Robert E. Knox Master Teacher Award.
His writing and his books have also received numerous honors including the Animal Behavior Society's Outstanding Children's Book Award for 2007. He was named "Writer of the Year" by the International Positive Dog Training Association. His book “Why Do Dogs Have Wet Noses” was named as one of the top 10 Canadian children’s books of 2006 by the Ontario Library Association, and received the Red Cedar Book Award (2009) for best nonfiction children’s book (sponsored by library associations in British Columbia). He was also a finalist for Dog Writers Association of America, Award in Magazine Feature category for “Guardian Angel” (2008) and a finalist for Los Angeles Times book award for "The Left-hander Syndrome" (1992)