Staryi Krym
Encyclopedia
Staryi Krym is a small historical town in the Eastern Crimea
, approximately 25 km (15 mi.) west of Theodosia. The population of Staryi Krym in 2001 was 9,960 people.
. The Mongols
fortified the city and thereafter it became a capital of the Crimean Yurt (Crimean province of the Golden Horde
) and a home for the Emir of Crimea. During that period the city had two names at the same time: Turkic-speaking inhabitants of the Crimean Yurt named it Qırım (Crimean Tatar
: qırım - my hill), while Italian traders usually called it Solcati ( - furrow, ditch). Solkhat is a turkified form of the Italian name.
Another theory given on the etymology of the town's name is that it was a corruption of the name of an Armenia
n monastic complex in Staryi Krym, built in 1338 and known in Armenian as "Surb Khach," or Holy Cross.
The Turkic name of the city - Qırım was eventually given to the whole peninsula.
In the 13th and 14th centuries the city of Qırım was a large, prosperous city referred to by Arab
ic contemporaries as the second Baghdad
. From that period remain the Ozbek Han Mosque
, built in 1314 by Uzbeg Khan
, and the ruins of a madrassa built in 1332. Early Crimean Khans had their capital in Qırım until the first part of the 16th century. After the Crimean Khanate
capital was moved to Bakhchisaray
, the city declined into relative obscurity.
Since the annexation of Crimea by Catherine II of Russia
in 1783, the town has been known by the Russian name Staryi Krym (literally "Old Crimea" - Russian translation of the original Crimean Tatar name Eski Qırım). It was the city where the famous Russian writer Alexander Grin
lived and died, and now has a museum dedicated to him.
The city is home to an important cardiac
sanatorium
, formerly run by notable heart surgeon
Nikolai Amosov
.
40.8% of Eski Qırım's populations is native Crimean
.
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
, approximately 25 km (15 mi.) west of Theodosia. The population of Staryi Krym in 2001 was 9,960 people.
History
The town has a long history. It was probably founded in the first half of the thirteenth century when Crimea was taken by Batu KhanBatu Khan
Batu Khan was a Mongol ruler and founder of the Ulus of Jochi , the sub-khanate of the Mongol Empire. Batu was a son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan. His ulus was the chief state of the Golden Horde , which ruled Rus and the Caucasus for around 250 years, after also destroying the armies...
. The Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
fortified the city and thereafter it became a capital of the Crimean Yurt (Crimean province of the Golden Horde
Golden Horde
The Golden Horde was a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that formed the north-western sector of the Mongol Empire...
) and a home for the Emir of Crimea. During that period the city had two names at the same time: Turkic-speaking inhabitants of the Crimean Yurt named it Qırım (Crimean Tatar
Crimean Tatar language
The Crimean Tatar language is the language of the Crimean Tatars. It is a Turkic language spoken in Crimea, Central Asia , and the Crimean Tatar diasporas in Turkey, Romania, Bulgaria...
: qırım - my hill), while Italian traders usually called it Solcati ( - furrow, ditch). Solkhat is a turkified form of the Italian name.
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
n monastic complex in Staryi Krym, built in 1338 and known in Armenian as "Surb Khach," or Holy Cross.
The Turkic name of the city - Qırım was eventually given to the whole peninsula.
In the 13th and 14th centuries the city of Qırım was a large, prosperous city referred to by Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
ic contemporaries as the second Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
. From that period remain the Ozbek Han Mosque
Ozbek Han Mosque
The Ozbek Han Mosque is located in Staryi Krym, Ukraine. The Ozbek Han Mosque is the oldest mosque in Crimea, built during the reign of Uzbeg Khan in 1314.-History:...
, built in 1314 by Uzbeg Khan
Uzbeg Khan
Sultan Mohammed Öz-Beg, better known as Uzbeg or Ozbeg , was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, under whose rule the state reached its zenith...
, and the ruins of a madrassa built in 1332. Early Crimean Khans had their capital in Qırım until the first part of the 16th century. After the Crimean Khanate
Crimean Khanate
Crimean Khanate, or Khanate of Crimea , was a state ruled by Crimean Tatars from 1441 to 1783. Its native name was . Its khans were the patrilineal descendants of Toqa Temür, the thirteenth son of Jochi and grandson of Genghis Khan...
capital was moved to Bakhchisaray
Bakhchisaray
Bakhchisaray is a town in Central Crimea, centre of the Bakhchisaray raion , best known as the former capital of the Crimean Khanate...
, the city declined into relative obscurity.
Since the annexation of Crimea by Catherine II of Russia
Catherine II of Russia
Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great , Empress of Russia, was born in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia on as Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg...
in 1783, the town has been known by the Russian name Staryi Krym (literally "Old Crimea" - Russian translation of the original Crimean Tatar name Eski Qırım). It was the city where the famous Russian writer Alexander Grin
Alexander Grin
Alexander Grin was a Russian writer, notable for his romantic novels and short stories, mostly set in an unnamed fantasy land with a European or Latin American flavor...
lived and died, and now has a museum dedicated to him.
The city is home to an important cardiac
Cardiology
Cardiology is a medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart . The field includes diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology...
sanatorium
Sanatorium
A sanatorium is a medical facility for long-term illness, most typically associated with treatment of tuberculosis before antibiotics...
, formerly run by notable heart surgeon
Surgery
Surgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
Nikolai Amosov
Nikolai Amosov
Nikolai Amosov, MD was an Ukrainian doctor, heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast, known for his inventions of several surgical procedures for treating heart defects.Born to Russian peasants, Nikolai fought in the German-Soviet War...
.
40.8% of Eski Qırım's populations is native Crimean
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group that originally resided in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...
.
External links
- http://www.iccrimea.org/monuments/monuments.html
- http://tatarworld.com/history.htm
- http://www2.let.uu.nl/Solis/anpt/ejos/pdf4/24Kancal.pdf
- http://www.go2crimea.com/en/index.php?p=31&s=10
- http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/russia/crimeapre1478.html
- http://www.ccssu.crimea.ua/eng/crimea/sights/architec/temples/uzbekhan/index.html
- http://archnet.org/library/places/one-place.tcl?place_id=8092