Stephen I of Bosnia
Encyclopedia
Stephen I Kotromanić (1242–1314) was a Bosnian Ban from 1287 to 1290 jointly with Ban Prijezda II and 1290–1314 alone as a vassal
of the Kingdom of Hungary
. Internally, he was a vassal of the Banate of Croatia
and Kingdom of Srem. He is the eponymous founder of the Bosnian ruling dynasty, the House of Kotromanić
.
s for Bosnia
in the Split
Church in 1163 with Hungarian King Stephen IV
. Apparently, the Hungarian King Stephen III
invited him to place him as a regional ruler in Hungary's name because of his ancestor's successes. Kotroman ruled as a vassal of this King
. The Dubrovnik
Archives from the 15th century refer to him as "Cotrumano Goto", i.e Kotroman the German. Kotroman might have been the son of Bosnian Ban Prijezda I
.
Prijezda I
withdraw from power, Kotroman ruled jointly as Ban of Bosnia
with another son of Prijezda I, Prijezda II
. Kotroman separated the country with Prijezda II, and took eastern Bosnia
. After the death of Prijezda II, Kotroman became the sole Ban of Bosnia
in 1290.
, daughter of the King of Syrmia
, Stefan Dragutin of the House of Nemanjić, and Queen Catherine, daughter of Hungarian King Stephen V
and Elizabeth the Cuman
. Dragutin had already controlled two banates in Bosnia: Usora and Soli
and Kotroman immediately fell under his influence – many of his acts were of Dragutin's command. The marriage was political and arranged by Ban Prijezda II
who had attempted to forge an alliance with Stefan Dragutin.
. The changes in Hungary
where important for Kotroman, as they decided his future liege
. The cousin of Ladislaus IV, Andrew III the Venetian was crowned King
. Although, sister of the former King Ladislaus IV, Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples, wanted her son, Charles Martel
as the new King in Hungary. The latter party had much more support, so Pope Nicholas IV
had crowned Charles Martel as King Karlo Martel of Hungary. This movement was supported by the most powerful Croatia
n nobility, the Šubić
s, Prince
s of Bribir. As the current head of the family, Paul Šubić
was also son-in-law of King Stefan Dragutin, family connection have made Kotroman support Karlo Martel's crowning. To increase his influence in Kotroman's realm, Charles Martel issued numerous edicts to split the land among the lesser gentry
to gain support for his reign. It appears that he gave the reign over Bosnia
to the Šubić
s. Charles Martel died unexpectedly in 1295, before the campaign to cease the power in Hungary
was finished. The Queen of Naples
and wife of former King Ladislaus IV, Mary had then decided to put her grandson, son of Charles Martel, Charles Robert
as the future King of Hungary
. Pope Boniface III
declared the twelfe-year-old boy as King Charles I of Hungary
in 1297. Paul Šubić
of Croatia
declared himself as "Dominus
of Bosnia
" in 1299 and gave the title of Bosnian Ban to his brother, Mladen I Šubić. All of Kotroman's land except for the Lower Edges which was ruled by Prince
Hrvatin Stjepanić as a vassal of the Šubić
s, was held by the House of Šubić
; as was confirmed by King of Naples
Charles I Robert. Paul Šubić
wanted to bring King
Charles Robert to Split
across Croatia
to Zagreb
, which would the main station of his campaign against King Andrew III of Hungary. During the preparations for war
, Andrew III died unexpectedly. Charles Robert
assessed the Hungarian throne, but had to fight numerous opponents to his regime up to 1309.
s' power in Bosnia
, but had lost by 1302 most control over the land to Mladen I Šubić. Although, Kotroman was not defeated as he still had some influence and power in Bosnia. His father-in-law King Stefan Dragutin could not send him aid since a succession-war had erupted in the Serbian Kingdom between him and his brother, the powerful King Stefan Milutin. Additionally, during the problems over the Hungarian Crown
, Dragutin had attempted to insert his son Vladislav as the new King of Hungary. Vladislav was married to Constance Morosini, a relative of Hungarian King Andrew III; so he had the same rightful claims to the Hungarian Throne. Despite the many difficulties, Stephen Kotroman had held out. The war turned into religious conflict, as Mladen I Šubić had started a campaign
to exterminate the adherents of the Bosnian Church
– the Bogumils. This balanced the conflict in Kotroman's favour, as number of Bogumils had joined his side because of this. After his deathPaul Šubić
in 1305 Paul proclaimed himself "Lord of All Bosnia".
Stephen Kotroman died in 1314, before he managed to act.
Stephen II was to succeed Kotroman as Bosnian Ban; but had to flee to the Republic of Ragusa
to hide from the Šubić
s with his brothers and their mother, Jelisaveta of Nemanja.
word "Stephanos" meaning "crowned
". Kotroman took the nickname "Stephen" to emulate his power, as the Nemanjić Dynasty
had.
Vassal
A vassal or feudatory is a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually including the grant of land held...
of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. Internally, he was a vassal of the Banate of Croatia
History of Croatia
Croatia first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century and then as a kingdom in the 10th century. From the 12th century it remained a distinct state with its ruler and parliament, but it obeyed the kings and emperors of various neighboring powers, primarily Hungary and Austria. The period from the...
and Kingdom of Srem. He is the eponymous founder of the Bosnian ruling dynasty, the House of Kotromanić
House of Kotromanic
The Kotromanić dynasty was a ruling house that ruled in the medieval Bosnia and the surrounding lands, from the 13th century as Bans until the crowning with the Bosnian crowns in 1377 and then as kings until the Ottoman conquest conquest in 1463....
.
Origin
His ancestry is not known precisely. It is believed that he was the son of a German nobleman in the service of German knight Gotfrid, founder of the family Kelad who went to strengthen Hungarian hold in Bosnia in 1162 or 1163. This German nobleman co-signed the edictEdict
An edict is an announcement of a law, often associated with monarchism. The Pope and various micronational leaders are currently the only persons who still issue edicts.-Notable edicts:...
s for Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
in the Split
Split (city)
Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
Church in 1163 with Hungarian King Stephen IV
Stephen IV of Hungary
Stephen IV , King of Hungary . In his youth, he rebelled against his brother, King Géza II of Hungary and had to flee to the Court of the Byzantine Emperor, Manuel I Komnenos...
. Apparently, the Hungarian King Stephen III
Stephen III of Hungary
Stephen III , King of Hungary King of Croatia and Dalmatia . He ascended the throne as a child and he had to stand up against his uncles who usurped the crown supported by the Byzantine Empire...
invited him to place him as a regional ruler in Hungary's name because of his ancestor's successes. Kotroman ruled as a vassal of this King
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
. The Dubrovnik
Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa or Republic of Dubrovnik was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik in Dalmatia , that existed from 1358 to 1808...
Archives from the 15th century refer to him as "Cotrumano Goto", i.e Kotroman the German. Kotroman might have been the son of Bosnian Ban Prijezda I
Prijezda I
Prijezda I was a Bosnian Ban as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom reigning 1250–1287. He was probably the founder of the House of Kotromanić.- From Christianity to Heresy and backwards :...
.
Before Ban
Since 1287, when his father, BanBan (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Prijezda I
Prijezda I
Prijezda I was a Bosnian Ban as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom reigning 1250–1287. He was probably the founder of the House of Kotromanić.- From Christianity to Heresy and backwards :...
withdraw from power, Kotroman ruled jointly as Ban of Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
with another son of Prijezda I, Prijezda II
Prijezda II
Prijezda II was a Bosnian Ban in 1287–1290 alone, but later together with his brother Stephen I Kotroman as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom. He was one of the sons of Ban Prijezda I. After his father's withdrawal from power in 1287, he split Bosnia with his brother taking control over western...
. Kotroman separated the country with Prijezda II, and took eastern Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
. After the death of Prijezda II, Kotroman became the sole Ban of Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
in 1290.
Marriage
In 1284 he married Elizabeth of SerbiaElizabeth of Serbia
Elizabeth of Serbia was Baness of Bosnia by her marriage to Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia.-Family:...
, daughter of the King of Syrmia
Syrmia
Syrmia is a fertile region of the Pannonian Plain in Europe, between the Danube and Sava rivers. It is divided between Serbia in the east and Croatia in the west....
, Stefan Dragutin of the House of Nemanjić, and Queen Catherine, daughter of Hungarian King Stephen V
Stephen V of Hungary
Stephen V , was King of Hungary from 1270 to 1272.-Early years:...
and Elizabeth the Cuman
Elizabeth the Cuman
-Daughter of Kuthen:She was born in about 1239/40, a daughter of Kuthen/Kotyan/Kotony , khan of the Cumans , and his wife whose identity has not been established. The Cumans were the western tribes of the Cuman-Kipchak confederation. The Cumans were a confederation of Turkic speaking peoples who...
. Dragutin had already controlled two banates in Bosnia: Usora and Soli
Soli
Soli can refer to:* Soli, Cyprus, an ancient city on the island of Cyprus.* Soli, Cilicia, an ancient city in Cilicia, later renamed Pompeiopolis.* Soli, a 10th century name for Tuzla, a city in Bosnia and Herzegovina....
and Kotroman immediately fell under his influence – many of his acts were of Dragutin's command. The marriage was political and arranged by Ban Prijezda II
Prijezda II
Prijezda II was a Bosnian Ban in 1287–1290 alone, but later together with his brother Stephen I Kotroman as a vassal of the Hungarian Kingdom. He was one of the sons of Ban Prijezda I. After his father's withdrawal from power in 1287, he split Bosnia with his brother taking control over western...
who had attempted to forge an alliance with Stefan Dragutin.
Hungarian War of Succession
In 1290 Hungarian King Ladislaus IV died and left no heirs to the throneThrone
A throne is the official chair or seat upon which a monarch is seated on state or ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many expressions such as "the power behind the...
. The changes in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
where important for Kotroman, as they decided his future liege
Allegiance
An allegiance is a duty of fidelity said to be owed by a subject or a citizen to his/her state or sovereign.-Etymology:From Middle English ligeaunce . The al- prefix was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an "allegation"...
. The cousin of Ladislaus IV, Andrew III the Venetian was crowned King
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
. Although, sister of the former King Ladislaus IV, Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples, wanted her son, Charles Martel
Charles Martel
Charles Martel , also known as Charles the Hammer, was a Frankish military and political leader, who served as Mayor of the Palace under the Merovingian kings and ruled de facto during an interregnum at the end of his life, using the title Duke and Prince of the Franks. In 739 he was offered the...
as the new King in Hungary. The latter party had much more support, so Pope Nicholas IV
Pope Nicholas IV
Pope Nicholas IV , born Girolamo Masci, was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. A Franciscan friar, he had been legate to the Greeks under Pope Gregory X in 1272, succeeded Bonaventure as Minister General of his religious order in 1274, was made Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede and...
had crowned Charles Martel as King Karlo Martel of Hungary. This movement was supported by the most powerful Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n nobility, the Šubić
Šubic
The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir in inland Dalmatia.-Origins:...
s, Prince
Prince
Prince is a general term for a ruler, monarch or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in the nobility of some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess...
s of Bribir. As the current head of the family, Paul Šubić
Pavao Šubic Bribirski
Paul I Šubić of Bribir was a Croatian leader and most outstanding member of the Šubić noble family from Bribir, was a Ban of Croatia and Lord of all of Bosnia. He ruled from his seat in the fortified town of Bribir, where he erected, along with his castle, the three-aisled basilica of St...
was also son-in-law of King Stefan Dragutin, family connection have made Kotroman support Karlo Martel's crowning. To increase his influence in Kotroman's realm, Charles Martel issued numerous edicts to split the land among the lesser gentry
Gentry
Gentry denotes "well-born and well-bred people" of high social class, especially in the past....
to gain support for his reign. It appears that he gave the reign over Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
to the Šubić
Šubic
The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir in inland Dalmatia.-Origins:...
s. Charles Martel died unexpectedly in 1295, before the campaign to cease the power in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
was finished. The Queen of Naples
Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples, comprising the southern part of the Italian peninsula, was the remainder of the old Kingdom of Sicily after secession of the island of Sicily as a result of the Sicilian Vespers rebellion of 1282. Known to contemporaries as the Kingdom of Sicily, it is dubbed Kingdom of...
and wife of former King Ladislaus IV, Mary had then decided to put her grandson, son of Charles Martel, Charles Robert
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
as the future King of Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
. Pope Boniface III
Pope Boniface III
Pope Boniface III was Pope from February 19 to November 12, 607. Despite his relatively short time as Pope he made a significant contribution to the organization of the Catholic Church.-Early life:...
declared the twelfe-year-old boy as King Charles I of Hungary
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
in 1297. Paul Šubić
Pavao Šubic Bribirski
Paul I Šubić of Bribir was a Croatian leader and most outstanding member of the Šubić noble family from Bribir, was a Ban of Croatia and Lord of all of Bosnia. He ruled from his seat in the fortified town of Bribir, where he erected, along with his castle, the three-aisled basilica of St...
of Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
declared himself as "Dominus
Dominus
Dominus may refer to:* Christus Dominus, the Second Vatican Council's "Decree on the Pastoral Office of Bishops".* Dominus Flevit Church, on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem* Dominus , a title of sovereignty, clergy and other uses...
of Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
" in 1299 and gave the title of Bosnian Ban to his brother, Mladen I Šubić. All of Kotroman's land except for the Lower Edges which was ruled by Prince
Prince
Prince is a general term for a ruler, monarch or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in the nobility of some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess...
Hrvatin Stjepanić as a vassal of the Šubić
Šubic
The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir in inland Dalmatia.-Origins:...
s, was held by the House of Šubić
Šubic
The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir in inland Dalmatia.-Origins:...
; as was confirmed by King of Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
Charles I Robert. Paul Šubić
Pavao Šubic Bribirski
Paul I Šubić of Bribir was a Croatian leader and most outstanding member of the Šubić noble family from Bribir, was a Ban of Croatia and Lord of all of Bosnia. He ruled from his seat in the fortified town of Bribir, where he erected, along with his castle, the three-aisled basilica of St...
wanted to bring King
Monarch
A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...
Charles Robert to Split
Split (city)
Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
across Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
to Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
, which would the main station of his campaign against King Andrew III of Hungary. During the preparations for war
War
War is a state of organized, armed, and often prolonged conflict carried on between states, nations, or other parties typified by extreme aggression, social disruption, and usually high mortality. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political...
, Andrew III died unexpectedly. Charles Robert
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
assessed the Hungarian throne, but had to fight numerous opponents to his regime up to 1309.
Bosnian Civil War
Stephen Kotroman had resisted tho growth of ŠubićŠubic
The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir in inland Dalmatia.-Origins:...
s' power in Bosnia
Bosnia (region)
Bosnia is a eponomous region of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging to the southern borders of the Pannonian plain, with the rivers Sava and Drina marking its northern and eastern borders. The other eponomous region, the southern, other half of the country is...
, but had lost by 1302 most control over the land to Mladen I Šubić. Although, Kotroman was not defeated as he still had some influence and power in Bosnia. His father-in-law King Stefan Dragutin could not send him aid since a succession-war had erupted in the Serbian Kingdom between him and his brother, the powerful King Stefan Milutin. Additionally, during the problems over the Hungarian Crown
The Crown
The Crown is a corporation sole that in the Commonwealth realms and any provincial or state sub-divisions thereof represents the legal embodiment of governance, whether executive, legislative, or judicial...
, Dragutin had attempted to insert his son Vladislav as the new King of Hungary. Vladislav was married to Constance Morosini, a relative of Hungarian King Andrew III; so he had the same rightful claims to the Hungarian Throne. Despite the many difficulties, Stephen Kotroman had held out. The war turned into religious conflict, as Mladen I Šubić had started a campaign
Military campaign
In the military sciences, the term military campaign applies to large scale, long duration, significant military strategy plan incorporating a series of inter-related military operations or battles forming a distinct part of a larger conflict often called a war...
to exterminate the adherents of the Bosnian Church
Bosnian Church
The Bosnian Church is historically thought to be an indigenous branch of the Bogomils that existed in Bosnia during the Middle Ages. Adherents of the church called themselves simply Krstjani...
– the Bogumils. This balanced the conflict in Kotroman's favour, as number of Bogumils had joined his side because of this. After his deathPaul Šubić
Pavao Šubic Bribirski
Paul I Šubić of Bribir was a Croatian leader and most outstanding member of the Šubić noble family from Bribir, was a Ban of Croatia and Lord of all of Bosnia. He ruled from his seat in the fortified town of Bribir, where he erected, along with his castle, the three-aisled basilica of St...
in 1305 Paul proclaimed himself "Lord of All Bosnia".
End of reign
Paul's reign did not last long as he died in 1312. The disappointed BanBan (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Stephen Kotroman died in 1314, before he managed to act.
Children
Stephen and Elisabeth had six children:- Vladislav
- Ninoslav
- Stephen
- another son
- Katarina, married PrincePrincePrince is a general term for a ruler, monarch or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in the nobility of some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess...
Nikola of ZahumljeZahumljeZachlumia or Zahumlje was a medieval principality located in modern-day regions of Herzegovina and southern Dalmatia...
in 1338 - Marija
Stephen II was to succeed Kotroman as Bosnian Ban; but had to flee to the Republic of Ragusa
Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa or Republic of Dubrovnik was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik in Dalmatia , that existed from 1358 to 1808...
to hide from the Šubić
Šubic
The Šubić were one of the twelve tribes which constituted Croatian statehood in the Middle Ages; they held the county of Bribir in inland Dalmatia.-Origins:...
s with his brothers and their mother, Jelisaveta of Nemanja.
Name
He is also referred to as Stephen Kotroman or Stjepan Kotroman, being the first of the Kotromans that was Stephen, deriving from the GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
word "Stephanos" meaning "crowned
Coronation
A coronation is a ceremony marking the formal investiture of a monarch and/or their consort with regal power, usually involving the placement of a crown upon their head and the presentation of other items of regalia...
". Kotroman took the nickname "Stephen" to emulate his power, as the Nemanjić Dynasty
House of Nemanjic
The Nemanjić was the most important dynasty of Serbia in the Middle Ages, and one of the most important in Southeastern Europe. The royal house produced eleven Serbian monarchs between 1166 and 1371. It's progenitor was Stephen Nemanja, who descended from a cadet line of the Vukanović dynasty...
had.
See also
- List of rulers of Bosnia
- History of Bosnia and HerzegovinaHistory of Bosnia and Herzegovina-Pre-Slavic Period :Bosnia has been inhabited at least since Neolithic times. In the late Bronze Age, the Neolithic population was replaced by more warlike Indo-European tribes known as the Illyrians. Celtic migrations in the 4th and 3rd century BCE displaced many Illyrian tribes from their former...
- History of CroatiaHistory of CroatiaCroatia first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century and then as a kingdom in the 10th century. From the 12th century it remained a distinct state with its ruler and parliament, but it obeyed the kings and emperors of various neighboring powers, primarily Hungary and Austria. The period from the...
- History of HungaryHistory of HungaryHungary is a country in central Europe. Its history under this name dates to the early Middle Ages, when the Pannonian Basin was colonized by the Magyars, a semi-nomadic people from what is now central-northern Russia...
External links
- History of the Serbs, by Vladimir ĆorovićVladimir CorovicVladimir Ćorović was a 20th-century Serbian historian, member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts . He is best known for his many acclaimed works on the history of Serbs and Yugoslavia.-Early:...
(in SerbianSerbian languageSerbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
) - House of Kotroman (in SerbianSerbian languageSerbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....
)