Steve Poizner
Encyclopedia
Stephen Leo "Steve" Poizner (born January 4, 1957) is an American
businessman/entrepreneur and conservative Republican
politician
, who was elected State Insurance Commissioner
of California
in November 2006, and concluded the 4 year term in January 2011. Poizner co-founded the Encore Career Institute with the Sherry Lansing
Foundation and Creative Artists Agency in June 2011, which will partner with UCLA Extension to offer online non-degree certificates for out of work adults and baby boomers looking to switch careers.
Poizner has been a successful Silicon Valley
high tech entrepreneur, founding both SnapTrack, Inc.
and Strategic Mapping, Inc. In 2001, following privately held SnapTrack's sale for $1 billion to Qualcomm
, Poizner served a year as a White House Fellow in the National Security Council
. Starting one week before the September 11, 2001 attacks
, Poizner held the position of Director of Critical Infrastructure Protection, and was involved in developing Homeland Security programs relating to cybersecurity and emergency response communication protocols.
Poizner was a candidate for the California gubernatorial election, 2010
; He was defeated in the June Primary by former CEO of eBay
, Meg Whitman
who spent a national record $100 million in the primary.
, Texas
. Poizner attended the University of Texas at Austin
when he became valedictorian
while earning his bachelor's degree
in electrical engineering
in 1978. He was a member of the Tejas Club and President of the Alpha Rho chapter of Alpha Phi Omega
.
In 1978, Poizner moved to California to attend Stanford Business School. In 1980, he earned his master’s degree with honors in Business Administration (MBA) and was named an Arjay Miller Scholar.
Two years after Poizner graduated from Stanford, the national Jaycees
organization sued the Palo Alto
Jaycees chapter for admitting female members. Working in coordination with other Jaycees chapters around the country, Poizner led the Palo Alto Jaycees in their legal defense of their efforts to admit women against the national organization's wishes, and the case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court
. Poizner and the Palo Alto chapter, along with its fellow groups in other communities, won the suit. Poizner's wife was one of the first women admitted to the Palo Alto chapter.
In addition to his academic degrees, Poizner has also earned a black belt
in Shotokan
karate
, a traditional Japanese martial art.
Poizner and his wife, Carol, live in Los Gatos
, California
where they are raising their daughter, Rebecca.
for over 20 years.
Poizner served for several years as a management consultant with the Boston Consulting Group
.
In 1983, Poizner founded and served as chief executive officer of Strategic Mapping Inc., a software company that developed a program to display geographic data on digital maps, assisting police departments, utilities, transportation companies, banks and retailers with selecting new locations and plotting distribution logistics. Strategic Mapping was sold to Claritas in 1996, with the GIS mapping software being sold to ESRI
.
In 1995, Poizner founded SnapTrack
, Inc., which pioneered technology that put GPS receivers into cell phones. Poizner served as its chief executive officer until he sold the privately held company to Qualcomm
in 2000 for a reported $1.0 billion in Qualcomm stock.
In June 2011, Poizner co-founded Encore Career Institute, Inc., a for-profit online education company in partnership with UCLA and Creative Arts Agency.
, an educational non-profit organization dedicated to improving public schools and serving the interests of K-12 children in California.
From September 2002 to June 2003, he served as a volunteer teacher in San Jose's Mount Pleasant High School teaching 12th grade American Government. Poizner authored a book about his experience - "Mount Pleasant" - which has been both praised and criticized for its depiction of a low income public high school.
In 2003, Poizner co-founded the California Charter Schools Association.
In June 2011, Poizner joined two education Boards at the University of Southern California
and developed an emergency communications plan for national security and emergency response personnel.Starting one week before the September 11, 2001 attacks, Poizner was responsible for issues such as emergency communications planning for the 2002 Winter Olympics
in Salt Lake City and protecting Internet, banking system and power grids from cyber attacks.
In 2004, Poizner ran unsuccessfully for the California State Assembly
against Democrat
Ira Ruskin
, a Redwood City
Councilman
, in the 21st district
, losing by 5,884 votes out of 190,120 votes cast in 2004.
In 2006, Poizner ran for the office of California Insurance Commissioner
. He ran unopposed in the Republican primary on June 6, and won the general election on November 7 by defeating Democrat Cruz Bustamante
, then Lieutenant Governor of California
, by a 12.4% margin.
In 2006, Poizner became a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations
after being nominated by former Secretary of State George Shultz.
In late 2007, Poizner led the effort to defeat Proposition 93
, a term limit removal initiative. As Chairman of the No on 93 campaign, Poizner contributed $2.5 million of his own money, secured No on 93 endorsements from over forty newspaper editorial boards, and appeared on talk radio across the state. Proposition 93 was defeated by 54% to 46% on February 5, 2008.
In May 2008, President George W. Bush
appointed Poizner to serve on the Honorary Delegation to accompany him to Jerusalem for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel.
On September 15, 2008, Poizner announced his candidacy for Governor of California.
In May of 2009, Poizner successfully campaigned against Proposition 1A
(a $10 billion tax increase) during the California state special elections, 2009
. Proposition 1A was defeated by a margin of 65.6% to 34.4% on May 26, 2009.
On March 1, 2010 Poizner officially became a candidate for Governor of California.
On June 8, 2010, Poizner was defeated in the Republican primary by former CEO of eBay
Meg Whitman
, who was later defeated by Democratic candidate Jerry Brown
in the general election.
Foundation and Creative Artists Agency to create the Encore Career Institute, an online educational company geared specifically for baby boomers in need of work or looking to switch careers.
Encore Career Institute formed a partnership with UCLA Extension to offer professional certificates and career counseling for adults seeking to remain viable in today’s job market.
Encore Career Institute secured $15 million in Series A venture capital funding from two Silicon Valley–based firms, InterWest Partners and Granite Ventures, to develop the new online education company.
As the current CEO of Encore Career Institute, Poizner has been an outspoken advocate for using technology and education to help many jobless baby boomers reinvent themselves and find work in second careers.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
businessman/entrepreneur and conservative Republican
Republican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
politician
Politician
A politician, political leader, or political figure is an individual who is involved in influencing public policy and decision making...
, who was elected State Insurance Commissioner
California Insurance Commissioner
California Insurance Commissioner is an elected executive office position in California. The officeholder is in charge of the California Department of Insurance.The current Insurance Commissioner is Democrat Dave Jones.- Duties :...
of California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
in November 2006, and concluded the 4 year term in January 2011. Poizner co-founded the Encore Career Institute with the Sherry Lansing
Sherry Lansing
Sherry Lansing is a former actress and American film studio executive. She is former CEO of Paramount Pictures, and when president of production at 20th Century Fox was the first woman to head a Hollywood studio In 1996, she became the first woman named Pioneer of the Year by the Foundation of...
Foundation and Creative Artists Agency in June 2011, which will partner with UCLA Extension to offer online non-degree certificates for out of work adults and baby boomers looking to switch careers.
Poizner has been a successful Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley is a term which refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations...
high tech entrepreneur, founding both SnapTrack, Inc.
SnapTrack
SnapTrack, Inc. was a Silicon Valley technology startup that invented and sold a a GPS-based location technology for cellphones. Founded in 1995 by Steve Poizner and Norman Krasner, it grew to 65 employees before being bought by Qualcomm in 2000 for $1 billion in stock....
and Strategic Mapping, Inc. In 2001, following privately held SnapTrack's sale for $1 billion to Qualcomm
Qualcomm
Qualcomm is an American global telecommunication corporation that designs, manufactures and markets digital wireless telecommunications products and services based on its code division multiple access technology and other technologies. Headquartered in San Diego, CA, USA...
, Poizner served a year as a White House Fellow in the National Security Council
United States National Security Council
The White House National Security Council in the United States is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the Executive Office of the...
. Starting one week before the September 11, 2001 attacks
September 11, 2001 attacks
The September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks The September 11 attacks (also referred to as September 11, September 11th or 9/119/11 is pronounced "nine eleven". The slash is not part of the pronunciation...
, Poizner held the position of Director of Critical Infrastructure Protection, and was involved in developing Homeland Security programs relating to cybersecurity and emergency response communication protocols.
Poizner was a candidate for the California gubernatorial election, 2010
California gubernatorial election, 2010
The 2010 California gubernatorial election was held November 2, 2010 to elect the Governor of California. The primary elections were held on June 8, 2010. Because constitutional office holders in California are prohibited from serving more than two terms in the same office since 1990, incumbent...
; He was defeated in the June Primary by former CEO of eBay
EBay
eBay Inc. is an American internet consumer-to-consumer corporation that manages eBay.com, an online auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a broad variety of goods and services worldwide...
, Meg Whitman
Meg Whitman
Margaret Cushing "Meg" Whitman is an American business executive. She is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard. A native of Long Island, New York, she is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Business School...
who spent a national record $100 million in the primary.
Background and early life
Poizner was born on January 4, 1957 in Corpus ChristiCorpus Christi, Texas
Corpus Christi is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U.S. state of Texas. The county seat of Nueces County, it also extends into Aransas, Kleberg, and San Patricio counties. The MSA population in 2008 was 416,376. The population was 305,215 at the 2010 census making it the...
, Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
. Poizner attended the University of Texas at Austin
University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin is a state research university located in Austin, Texas, USA, and is the flagship institution of the The University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, its campus is located approximately from the Texas State Capitol in Austin...
when he became valedictorian
Valedictorian
Valedictorian is an academic title conferred upon the student who delivers the closing or farewell statement at a graduation ceremony. Usually, the valedictorian is the highest ranked student among those graduating from an educational institution...
while earning his bachelor's degree
Bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree is usually an academic degree awarded for an undergraduate course or major that generally lasts for three or four years, but can range anywhere from two to six years depending on the region of the world...
in electrical engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...
in 1978. He was a member of the Tejas Club and President of the Alpha Rho chapter of Alpha Phi Omega
Alpha Phi Omega
Alpha Phi Omega is the largest collegiate fraternity in the United States, with chapters at over 350 campuses, an active membership of approximately 17,000 students, and over 350,000 alumni members...
.
In 1978, Poizner moved to California to attend Stanford Business School. In 1980, he earned his master’s degree with honors in Business Administration (MBA) and was named an Arjay Miller Scholar.
Two years after Poizner graduated from Stanford, the national Jaycees
United States Junior Chamber
The United States Junior Chamber is a leadership training and civic organization for people between the ages of 18 and 41. Areas of emphasis are business development, management skills, individual training, community service, and international connections. The U.S...
organization sued the Palo Alto
Palo Alto, California
Palo Alto is a California charter city located in the northwest corner of Santa Clara County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California, United States. The city shares its borders with East Palo Alto, Mountain View, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Stanford, Portola Valley, and Menlo Park. It is...
Jaycees chapter for admitting female members. Working in coordination with other Jaycees chapters around the country, Poizner led the Palo Alto Jaycees in their legal defense of their efforts to admit women against the national organization's wishes, and the case eventually reached the U.S. Supreme Court
Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all state and federal courts, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases...
. Poizner and the Palo Alto chapter, along with its fellow groups in other communities, won the suit. Poizner's wife was one of the first women admitted to the Palo Alto chapter.
In addition to his academic degrees, Poizner has also earned a black belt
Black belt (martial arts)
In martial arts, the black belt is a way to describe a graduate of a field where a practitioner's level is often marked by the color of the belt. The black belt is commonly the highest belt color used and denotes a degree of competence. It is often associated with a teaching grade though...
in Shotokan
Shotokan
is a style of karate, developed from various martial arts by Gichin Funakoshi and his son Gigo Funakoshi . Gichin was born in Okinawa and is widely credited with popularizing karate through a series of public demonstrations, and by promoting the development of university karate clubs, including...
karate
Karate
is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands in what is now Okinawa, Japan. It was developed from indigenous fighting methods called and Chinese kenpō. Karate is a striking art using punching, kicking, knee and elbow strikes, and open-handed techniques such as knife-hands. Grappling, locks,...
, a traditional Japanese martial art.
Poizner and his wife, Carol, live in Los Gatos
Los Gatos, California
The Town of Los Gatos is an incorporated town in Santa Clara County, California, United States. The population was 29,413 at the 2010 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area at the southwest corner of San Jose in the foothills of the Santa Cruz Mountains...
, California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
where they are raising their daughter, Rebecca.
Business career
Poizner has started and run technology companies in Silicon ValleySilicon Valley
Silicon Valley is a term which refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations...
for over 20 years.
Poizner served for several years as a management consultant with the Boston Consulting Group
Boston Consulting Group
The Boston Consulting Group is a global management consulting firm with offices in 42 countries. It is recognized as one of the most prestigious management consulting firms in the world. It is one of only three companies to appear in the top 15 of Fortunes "Best Companies to Work For" report for...
.
In 1983, Poizner founded and served as chief executive officer of Strategic Mapping Inc., a software company that developed a program to display geographic data on digital maps, assisting police departments, utilities, transportation companies, banks and retailers with selecting new locations and plotting distribution logistics. Strategic Mapping was sold to Claritas in 1996, with the GIS mapping software being sold to ESRI
ESRI
Esri is a software development and services company providing Geographic Information System software and geodatabase management applications. The headquarters of Esri is in Redlands, California....
.
In 1995, Poizner founded SnapTrack
SnapTrack
SnapTrack, Inc. was a Silicon Valley technology startup that invented and sold a a GPS-based location technology for cellphones. Founded in 1995 by Steve Poizner and Norman Krasner, it grew to 65 employees before being bought by Qualcomm in 2000 for $1 billion in stock....
, Inc., which pioneered technology that put GPS receivers into cell phones. Poizner served as its chief executive officer until he sold the privately held company to Qualcomm
Qualcomm
Qualcomm is an American global telecommunication corporation that designs, manufactures and markets digital wireless telecommunications products and services based on its code division multiple access technology and other technologies. Headquartered in San Diego, CA, USA...
in 2000 for a reported $1.0 billion in Qualcomm stock.
In June 2011, Poizner co-founded Encore Career Institute, Inc., a for-profit online education company in partnership with UCLA and Creative Arts Agency.
Education reform and community service
In 2001, Poizner co-founded EdVoiceEdVoice
EdVoice is an educational non-profit organization dedicated to improving public schools in California.According to its , the EdVoice network connects over 37,000 teachers, parents, and community leaders with their state elected officials on important educational issues.-Notable people:* Ted...
, an educational non-profit organization dedicated to improving public schools and serving the interests of K-12 children in California.
From September 2002 to June 2003, he served as a volunteer teacher in San Jose's Mount Pleasant High School teaching 12th grade American Government. Poizner authored a book about his experience - "Mount Pleasant" - which has been both praised and criticized for its depiction of a low income public high school.
In 2003, Poizner co-founded the California Charter Schools Association.
In June 2011, Poizner joined two education Boards at the University of Southern California
University of Southern California
The University of Southern California is a private, not-for-profit, nonsectarian, research university located in Los Angeles, California, United States. USC was founded in 1880, making it California's oldest private research university...
California Insurance Commissioner
The California Insurance Commissioner was created in 1988 via the voter approval of Proposition 103. Poizner took office in January 8, 2007 and served until January 3, 2011. As Insurance Commissioner, Poizner received praise for his handling of the San Diego wildfires in 2007, for taking on health insurance companies' illegal rescission practices and rate increases, and for decreasing spending in his state government department's discretionary operating budget by 13%. At the end of his term, Poizner was praised for his efforts to streamline and modernize the CDI through spending cuts and conducting a top-down review of the department. Poizner oversaw nearly 2,800 fraud-related arrests, the most in CDI history, in a 3-year span and conducted the first ever terror finance probe by a US Insurance Commissioner, which resulted in millions of dollars diverted from Iran.Public service and civic affairs
From 2001 to 2002, Poizner served as a White House Fellow where he worked in the National Security Council Office of Cyberspace Security, serving as Director of Critical Infrastructure Protection. In this capacity he developed strategies for protecting critical infrastructure against cyber-terrorismCyber-terrorism
Cyberterrorism is the use of Internet based attacks in terrorist activities, including acts of deliberate, large-scale disruption of computer networks, especially of personal computers attached to the Internet, by the means of tools such as computer viruses....
and developed an emergency communications plan for national security and emergency response personnel.Starting one week before the September 11, 2001 attacks, Poizner was responsible for issues such as emergency communications planning for the 2002 Winter Olympics
2002 Winter Olympics
The 2002 Winter Olympics, officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games, were a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated in February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. Approximately 2,400 athletes from 77 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines, held throughout...
in Salt Lake City and protecting Internet, banking system and power grids from cyber attacks.
In 2004, Poizner ran unsuccessfully for the California State Assembly
California State Assembly
The California State Assembly is the lower house of the California State Legislature. There are 80 members in the Assembly, representing an approximately equal number of constituents, with each district having a population of at least 420,000...
against Democrat
Democratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...
Ira Ruskin
Ira Ruskin
Ira Ruskin is an American politician from Redwood City, California. A Democrat, he is a former member of the California State Assembly and of Redwood City Council.- Family and Personal Life:...
, a Redwood City
Redwood City, California
Redwood City is a California charter city located on the San Francisco Peninsula in Northern California, approximately 27 miles south of San Francisco, and 24 miles north of San Jose. Redwood City's history spans from its earliest inhabitation by the Ohlone people, to its tradition as a port for...
Councilman
City council
A city council or town council is the legislative body that governs a city, town, municipality or local government area.-Australia & NZ:Because of the differences in legislation between the States, the exact definition of a City Council varies...
, in the 21st district
California's 21st State Assembly district
California's 21st State Assembly District is one of 80 districts in the California State Assembly. It is currently represented by Democrat Rich Gordon of Menlo Park.-District profile:San Mateo County - 30.22%*Atherton*East Palo Alto...
, losing by 5,884 votes out of 190,120 votes cast in 2004.
In 2006, Poizner ran for the office of California Insurance Commissioner
California Insurance Commissioner
California Insurance Commissioner is an elected executive office position in California. The officeholder is in charge of the California Department of Insurance.The current Insurance Commissioner is Democrat Dave Jones.- Duties :...
. He ran unopposed in the Republican primary on June 6, and won the general election on November 7 by defeating Democrat Cruz Bustamante
Cruz Bustamante
Cruz Miguel Bustamante is an American politician. He was the 45th Lieutenant Governor of California, a former Speaker of the State Assembly and a member of the Democratic Party...
, then Lieutenant Governor of California
Lieutenant Governor of California
The Lieutenant Governor of California is a statewide constitutional officer elected separately from the Governor who serves as the "vice-executive" of California. The Lieutenant Governor of California is elected to serve a four year term and can serve a maximum of two terms...
, by a 12.4% margin.
In 2006, Poizner became a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations
Council on Foreign Relations
The Council on Foreign Relations is an American nonprofit nonpartisan membership organization, publisher, and think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international affairs...
after being nominated by former Secretary of State George Shultz.
In late 2007, Poizner led the effort to defeat Proposition 93
California Proposition 93 (2008)
Proposition 93 was a Californian ballot proposition that sought to amend the term limits law for the California state legislature. Voters rejected it on February 5, 2008.- Proposal :...
, a term limit removal initiative. As Chairman of the No on 93 campaign, Poizner contributed $2.5 million of his own money, secured No on 93 endorsements from over forty newspaper editorial boards, and appeared on talk radio across the state. Proposition 93 was defeated by 54% to 46% on February 5, 2008.
In May 2008, President George W. Bush
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
appointed Poizner to serve on the Honorary Delegation to accompany him to Jerusalem for the celebration of the 60th anniversary of the State of Israel.
On September 15, 2008, Poizner announced his candidacy for Governor of California.
In May of 2009, Poizner successfully campaigned against Proposition 1A
California Proposition 1A (2009)
Proposition 1A was a defeated California ballot proposition that appeared on the May 19, 2009 special election ballot. It was a constitutional amendment that would have increased the annual contributions to the state's rainy day fund...
(a $10 billion tax increase) during the California state special elections, 2009
California state special elections, 2009
The California state special elections, 2009 were held on May 19, 2009 throughout the state of California. The elections were authorized by the State Legislature and Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as a part of a budget signed into law on February 19, 2009...
. Proposition 1A was defeated by a margin of 65.6% to 34.4% on May 26, 2009.
On March 1, 2010 Poizner officially became a candidate for Governor of California.
On June 8, 2010, Poizner was defeated in the Republican primary by former CEO of eBay
EBay
eBay Inc. is an American internet consumer-to-consumer corporation that manages eBay.com, an online auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a broad variety of goods and services worldwide...
Meg Whitman
Meg Whitman
Margaret Cushing "Meg" Whitman is an American business executive. She is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard. A native of Long Island, New York, she is a graduate of Princeton University and Harvard Business School...
, who was later defeated by Democratic candidate Jerry Brown
Jerry Brown
Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr. is an American politician. Brown served as the 34th Governor of California , and is currently serving as the 39th California Governor...
in the general election.
Encore Career Institute
Following his term as Insurance Commissioner, Poizner partnered with the Sherry LansingSherry Lansing
Sherry Lansing is a former actress and American film studio executive. She is former CEO of Paramount Pictures, and when president of production at 20th Century Fox was the first woman to head a Hollywood studio In 1996, she became the first woman named Pioneer of the Year by the Foundation of...
Foundation and Creative Artists Agency to create the Encore Career Institute, an online educational company geared specifically for baby boomers in need of work or looking to switch careers.
Encore Career Institute formed a partnership with UCLA Extension to offer professional certificates and career counseling for adults seeking to remain viable in today’s job market.
Encore Career Institute secured $15 million in Series A venture capital funding from two Silicon Valley–based firms, InterWest Partners and Granite Ventures, to develop the new online education company.
As the current CEO of Encore Career Institute, Poizner has been an outspoken advocate for using technology and education to help many jobless baby boomers reinvent themselves and find work in second careers.
External links
- Spending At The Department of Insurance
- Official Campaign Site
- Poizner Joins Race For California Governor
- Poizner leading Republican candidate 2010
- Poizner at the head of the pack 2010
- Poizner Visits Israel on 60th Anniversary
- Poizner Visits Israel with President Bush
- Official California Department of Insurance biography
- Tech Titans for Governor
- Poizner's businesslike style pays political dividends
- Term limits backers shot themselves in the ballot box
- A look at who might run for governor of California
- Qualcomm Acquires Wireless Location Leader SnapTrack