Sughd
Encyclopedia
Sughd Province is one of the four administrative divisions and one of the three provinces
' onMouseout='HidePop("5328")' href="/topics/Wilayah">viloyatho
) that make up Tajikistan
. Centered in the historical Sogdiana
, it is located in the northwest of the country, with an area of some 25,400 square kilometers and a population of 2,132,100 (2008 est.), up from 1,870,000 according to the 2000 census and 1,558,000 in 1989.
The province shares a border with the Jizakh, Namagan
, Samarkand and Fergana
provinces of Uzbekistan
, and the Osh
and Batken
provinces of Kyrgyzstan
. The Syr Darya
river flows through it. Soghd is separated from the rest of Tajikistan by the Zarafshan Range
(passes may be closed in winter). The southern part of the province is the east-west valley of the upper Zarafshan River. North, over the Turkestan Range, is the Ferghana Valley. The province has 30% of Tajikistan's population and one-third of its arable land. It produces two thirds of the country's GDP.
It was known as Leninabad until 1991, then Leninobod until 2000, then Sogd until 2004.
A free economic zone
has been established in the province called Sughd Free Economic Zone
.
(formerly Leninabad), with a population of 155,900 (2008 est.). Other major towns include:
.
. reprinted in a 2006 facsimile as ISBN 9780543942333
Provinces of Tajikistan
||Tajikistan is divided into one autonomous province , 2 provinces and the Districts of Republican Subordination...
' onMouseout='HidePop("5328")' href="/topics/Wilayah">viloyatho
Wilayah
A wilāyah or vilâyet , or vilayat in Urdu and Turkish, is an administrative division, usually translated as "province", rarely as "governorate". The word comes from the Arabic "w-l-y", "to govern": a wāli — "governor" — governs a wilayah, "that which is governed"...
) that make up Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
. Centered in the historical Sogdiana
Sogdiana
Sogdiana or Sogdia was the ancient civilization of an Iranian people and a province of the Achaemenid Empire, eighteenth in the list on the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great . Sogdiana is "listed" as the second of the "good lands and countries" that Ahura Mazda created...
, it is located in the northwest of the country, with an area of some 25,400 square kilometers and a population of 2,132,100 (2008 est.), up from 1,870,000 according to the 2000 census and 1,558,000 in 1989.
The province shares a border with the Jizakh, Namagan
Namangan Province
Namangan Province is a viloyat of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley in far eastern part of the country. It is on the right bank of Syr Darya River and borders with Kyrgyzstan, Fergana Province and Andijan Province. It covers an area of 7,900 km2...
, Samarkand and Fergana
Fergana Province
Fergana Province is a viloyat of Uzbekistan, located in the southern part of the Fergana Valley in the far east of the country. It borders the Namangan and Andijan Provinces of Uzbekistan, as well as Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. It covers an area of 6,800 km2...
provinces of Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
, and the Osh
Osh Province
Osh Province is a province of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Osh. It is bounded by Jalal-Abad Province, Naryn Province, Xinjiang, China, Tajikistan, Batken Province and Uzbekistan.-Geography:...
and Batken
Batken Province
Batken Province is a province of Kyrgyzstan. Its capital is Batken. It is bounded on the east by Osh Province, on the south, west and north by Tajikistan and on the northeast by Uzbekistan. The northern part of the province is part of the flat, agricultural Ferghana Valley...
provinces of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
. The Syr Darya
Syr Darya
The Syr Darya , also transliterated Syrdarya or Sirdaryo, is a river in Central Asia, sometimes known as the Jaxartes or Yaxartes from its Ancient Greek name . The Greek name is derived from Old Persian, Yakhsha Arta , a reference to the color of the river's water...
river flows through it. Soghd is separated from the rest of Tajikistan by the Zarafshan Range
Zarafshan Range
The Zarafshan Range is a mountain range in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, part of the Pamir-Alay mountains. It stretches south of the Zeravshan River. The range extends over 370 km in the east-west direction along the south of Sughd Province in Tajikistan, reaching the highest point of 5,489 m in its...
(passes may be closed in winter). The southern part of the province is the east-west valley of the upper Zarafshan River. North, over the Turkestan Range, is the Ferghana Valley. The province has 30% of Tajikistan's population and one-third of its arable land. It produces two thirds of the country's GDP.
It was known as Leninabad until 1991, then Leninobod until 2000, then Sogd until 2004.
Economy
The economy of Sughd has been growing steadily since 2000, at the average rate of 13.2% in 2008 and 13.3% in 2009. In 2009, farming, trade and industrial production contributed 28.2%, 25.8% and 14.0% to the GRP (gross regional product) of Sughd, respectively. Since 2000, the output of industrial production increased two-fold, at an average annual growth rate of 5-8%.A free economic zone
Free economic zone
Many countries have, or have had at some time, designated areas where companies are taxed very lightly or not at all to encourage development or for some other reason...
has been established in the province called Sughd Free Economic Zone
Sughd Free Economic Zone
-About the Sughd Free Economic Zone:The Sughd Free Economic Zone or FEZ "Sughd" is a free economic zone located in Sughd Province on the territory of the south-west industrial zone of the city of Khujand, in the most economically developed region of Tajikistan. Sughd FEZ was created in 2008 by a...
.
Towns
The capital is KhujandKhujand
Khujand , also transliterated as Khudzhand, , formerly Khodjend or Khodzhent until 1936 and Leninabad until 1991, is the second-largest city of Tajikistan. It is situated on the Syr Darya River at the mouth of the Fergana Valley...
(formerly Leninabad), with a population of 155,900 (2008 est.). Other major towns include:
- ChkalovskChkalovsk, TajikistanChkalovsk is a town in northern Tajikistan. It is located in Ghafurov district of Sughd Province, between the cities of Khujand and Ghafurov...
(pop. 25,700) - GhafurovGhafurovGhafurov is a town in Ghafurov district, Sughd Province, Tajikistan. It has a population of 15,700 , down from 18,900 in the 1989 census. The town was created in 1965, and until 1978 had the name Sovetabad...
(15,700) - IsfaraIsfaraIsfara is a city in Sughd Province in northern Tajikistan, situated on the border with Kyrgyzstan. It has a population of 40,600 . The city is capital of Isfara district.-History:...
(40,600) - Istaravshan (Urateppa) (60,200)
- TabosharTabosharTaboshar or Taboshary is a city in Tajikistan, located in the northern part of Ghafurov district in Sughd Province. Taboshar is a city of provincial subordination, administratively subordinated to the provincial capital of Khujand, not to the district capital of Ghafurov.The population of Taboshar...
(pop. 12,700) - KonibodomKonibodomKonibodom is a city and jamoat in the Sughd province of northern Tajikistan, in western Fergana Valley . It has a population of 47,100 ....
(Kanibadam) (47,100) - PanjakentPanjakentPanjakent , also spelled Panjikent, Panjekent or Penjikent, is a city in the Sughd province of Tajikistan on the Zeravshan River, with a population of 33,000 . It was once an ancient town in Sogdiana...
(35,900)
Districts
The province is divided into 14 districts . For a map see Districts of TajikistanDistricts of Tajikistan
The provinces of Tajikistan are divided into 58 districts . The numbering of the districts follows the map.-Sughd Province:Cities of provincial subordination: Chkalovsk, Isfara, Istaravshan, Qayraqqum, Khujand, Konibodom, Panjakent, Taboshar....
.
Northern districts of Sughd
- Asht DistrictAsht districtAsht District or Nohiya-i Asht is a district in the northermost tip of Sughd Province, Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan to the north, the east, and the south. Its capital is Shaydon.-Administrative divisions:...
- Ghafurov DistrictGhafurov districtGhafurov District or Nohiya-i Ghafurov is a district in the northern part of Sughd province, Tajikistan. Its capital is Ghafurov, a town in the south of the district...
- Ghonchi DistrictGhonchi districtGhonchi District or Nohiya-i Ghonchi , also Ganchi District, is a district in the center of Sughd province, Tajikistan, located south of the provincial capital Khujand and bordering on Kyrgyzstan to the east. Its capital is Ghonchi .-Administrative divisions:The district is divided administratively...
- Zafarobod District
- Istaravshan (Ura-Tyube) District
- Isfara DistrictIsfara districtIsfara District or Nohiya-i Isfara is a district at the north-eastern edge of Sughd province, Tajikistan, bordering on Uzbekistan's Ferghana Valley to the north and Kyrgyzstan to the south. Its capital is Isfara.-Administrative divisions:...
- Konibodom DistrictKonibodom districtKonibodom District or Nohiya-i Konibodom is a district in Sughd province, Tajikistan. Its capital is Konibodom.-Administrative divisions:The district is divided administratively into jamoats. They are as follows .-References:...
- Mastchoh DistrictMastchoh districtMastchoh district or Nohiya-i Mastchoh is a district in Sughd province, Tajikistan. It is located at the extreme north of the country, between Ghafurov district and the border with Uzbekistan. The district population is 97,600 and its administrative capital is Buston .-Administrative...
- Spitamen DistrictSpitamen districtSpitamen District is a district in north-central Sughd, Tajikistan, stretching across the province's narrow part from the border with Uzbekistan to the border with Kyrgyzstan. Population 98,600 . Formerly called Nau District or Nov District , it was renamed Spitamen district by a resolution of...
- Rasulov (Jabbor Rasulov) District
- Shahriston DistrictShahriston districtShahriston District or Nohiya-i Shahriston is a district in Sughd province, Tajikistan. Its capital is Shahriston.-Administrative divisions:The district is divided administratively into jamoats. They are as follows .-References:...
Southern districts of Sughd
- Ayni (Aini) District
- Kuhistoni Mastchoh DistrictKuhistoni Mastchoh districtKuhistoni Mastchoh District or Nohiya-i Kuhistoni Mastchoh is a district in Sughd province, Tajikistan. The capital of district is the village of Mehron.-Administrative divisions:...
- Panjakent DistrictPanjakent districtPanjakent District or Nohiya-i Panjakent is a district in Sughd province, Tajikistan. Its capital is Panjakent.-Administrative divisions:The district is divided administratively into jamoats. They are as follows .-References:...
Further reading
reprinted from the 1923 edition, published by the Royal Asiatic SocietyRoyal Asiatic Society
The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland was established, according to its Royal Charter of 11 August 1824, to further "the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encouragement of science, literature and the arts in relation to Asia." From its incorporation the Society...
. reprinted in a 2006 facsimile as ISBN 9780543942333