Suma Ching Hai
Encyclopedia
Supreme Master Ching Hai, (born 12 May 1950), is the self-titled founder and spiritual teacher of the Quan Yin Method with an estimated 20,000 followers world wide.
Ching Hai is a poet, painter, musician, self-published writer and entrepreneur who heads the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, a business group with worldwide interests in restaurants, fashion and jewellery design. She is known for her philanthropic and humanitarian work, and has been criticised for making allegedly ostentatious displays of generosity.
in Vietnam.
At 19, during the height of the Vietnam War, she developed a relationship with a German scientist and doctor who was a relief worker: Trinh worked as a Red Cross interpreter in Europe. They married, but separated after two years when she left him to pursue spiritual enlightenment. In 1979, she met a Buddhist monk in Germany whom she followed for three years, but his monastery denied entry to females. She moved to India to study different religions, and became a disciple of Thakar Singh
. During her stay at his ashram
, she learned the Radha Soami
Sant Mat
'Light and Sound' meditation technique which Thakur Singh taught , and from which her Quan Yin Method is derived.
According to an account by Patricia Thornton, Ching Hai's recognition as a spiritual leader began in 1982, when she tried to buy a copy of the Hindu sacred work the Bhagavad-Gita from a small shop beside the Ganges. The shopkeepers denied having a copy, but she insisted she had seen it there. An extensive search uncovered a copy hidden in a sealed box; word quickly spread that Ching Hai had an "unusually well-developed third eye
."
In 1983, she followed a Vietnamese Buddhist monk in Taiwan named Jing-Xing. Unaware of her prior connection to Thakar Singh
, Jing-Xing ordained her in 1984 as "Thanh Hai". In Mandarin this is Ching Hai, which means "pure ocean".
According to her official biography, Ching Hai was born to a well-off naturopath's family in Âu Lạc (old name for the region north of Hanoi
) in Vietnam
. Though raised as a Roman Catholic, she learned the basics of Buddhism
from her grandmother. After being given a divine transmission of the Inner Light and Sound by a true Master in the Himalayas
, she renamed the technique the Quan Yin Method.
No initiation or membership fees are collected from disciples, but the bulk of her financial support comes from Taiwan, where her following is the strongest; her followers in the US are predominantly new immigrants from China and Vietnam. Her Supreme Master Meditation Centers, incorporated in Los Angeles and San Jose and several US states, benefit from tax-exempt status as religious organizations. Ching Hai has been described by Rafer Guzmán of Metroactive as a "tireless publicity seeker". By her own admission, she presides over a "rather big organisation" with "a lot of centers around the world—40 or 50 countries". The organisation includes restaurants and outlets for jewellery and clothes designed by her.
She has claimed that seven United States
governors proclaimed 22 February 1994 as "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day" in recognition of her charitable work including then governor of Iowa, Terry Branstad, for her $65,000 donation to relief efforts for victims of the 1993 Mississippi River flooding
. However in the same year, $200,000 which she promised to a relief organisation after the Southern Californian fires reportedly never arrived. Metroactive reported that it was alleged in Taiwan that Ching Hai set up two front organisations to make awards to her, and manipulated a United States official into posing as the president of one in a public ceremony.
In 1994, the local government in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam issued a declaration classifying Ching Hai's operations as "religious propaganda" intended to "illegally oppose the government." Actions were launched to curtail further activities by her organisation.
In 1996, in an attempt to build political support abroad, Ching Hai asked her followers to contribute money to the Clinton
Presidential Legal Expense Trust. US$880,000 was raised. However, the donations were returned when the Trust found irregularities involving identical signatures and consecutively numbered money orders. They also found donors listed who did not have the financial means to give that amount of money. The year-long scandal had a negative effect on her organisation, further damaged perception of the Clinton administration, and rather than the intended "boomerang of international support" for her efforts, resulted in an extensive investigation and a congressional subpoena. The Taiwan government also investigated her organization for "alleged fund-raising improprieties," which included a transfer of $2 million outside of the country.
Ching Hai was criticised in the Western press as "The Immaterial Girl: Part Buddha, Part Madonna," and as "The Buddhist Martha Stewart
... merchandizing mystic from Taiwan."
Ching Hai was awarded the Gusi Peace Prize
in 2006 in Manila
, Philippines
for her work in Philanthropy and Humanitarianism.
vegan restaurant group, now with 135 restaurants worldwide.
Admission to her public seminars is free, but she has made millions of dollars as a painter, author, fashion designer, and jewelry designer. She launched an expensive clothing line in New York and Paris in 1995. Her business activities have led some detractors to question her motives, and she has also been criticised because her disciples are reported to buy much of her artwork, which is seen as a de facto donation. One disciple is believed to have bought a pair of used sweat socks for US$800 because "when the Master leaves the physical world, at least I will have her socks". In 1997, she stated that she earned more than former U.S. President Bill Clinton
's annual salary of $200,000. Followers respond that much of the money she makes is used for helping the poor and providing necessities to refugees and victims of environmental disasters.
She offers a $64 catalogue of 50 books called "Elevation of the Soul" which include a Supreme Master cookbook, more than 400 videos of public appearances by the "Supreme Master" and an $8 video of "Funny Non-Saint Stories" taped in Los Angeles, plus footage of "Master's Birthday Celebration" in Taiwan. The San Francisco Weekly said: "Some of the videos have the ring of a Zen koan – 'To Do Without Doing' – while others are as unambiguous as 'A Message From God.' There are even lip-synched
pop music videos..."
She has authored self published picture books, such as The Birds in My Life and The Noble Wilds. The books consist of hundreds of photos described as being personally taken by Ching Hai, many of them digitally manipulated to anthropomorphise the animals, and are interlaced with short poems written by her.
The group maintains websites in at least 17 languages, offering in-house news magazines, RealAudio and downloadable MP3 versions of radio broadcasts, and online WindowsMedia versions of Supreme Master television programs for those without access to cable stations. The main website of the group contains a prominent link to the "Celestial Shop," along with the Suma Hai Ching publishing company. Items available online include a line of "Celestial" apparel and jewelry designed by the Supreme Master, along with a range of other items that included, as of August 2010, products from the Loving Hut restaurant chain, and many assorted lamps with names such as The Lucky Bagwa, At One With All Creation, Blessing Light, and Celestial Rain, among many others.
In late 2008 Ching Hai launched a media campaign in Australia and New Zealand
asking people to "Be Green, Go Veg, Save the Planet". Vegetarianism, clean energy, and tree planting were promoted as a solution to climate change
and pollution. The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association also made submissions to the Garnaut Climate Change Review
advocating large cuts to livestock production.
According to political scientist Patricia M. Thornton at the University of Oxford, the Ching Hai World Society's heavy reliance on the internet for text distribution, recruitment and information-sharing, marks the group as a transnational "cybersect."
The source of wealth behind the group's charitable efforts and its media empire is a mystery, according to Thornton. Like the Qigong
organisations that came to the fore in China in the 1980s and 1990s, Suma Ching Hai International adopted the structure of a business enterprise early on.
Much of the media produced by Suma Ching Hai International is heavily self-referential and promotional, according to Thornton, and aims to "build a public record of recognition for group activities." In 1998 the organization staged a concert for donating to several prominent children's foundations in the U.S., while highlights of the event were captured in a coffee-table book. Ching Hai has had local authorities in various countries declare particular dates "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day."
from the Sant Mat
tradition which also teaches meditation on light and sound. In 1988 she severed any connection with Buddhism and developed the flamboyant style with which she is now associated.
Ching Hai has said, "It’s not that I invented the Quan Yin Method; I just know it. This method has existed since the beginning of time, when the universe was first formed. And it will always exist. It is not a method; it is like the way of the universe, a universal law that we must follow if we want to get back to the Origin, back to our true Self, back to the Kingdom of God or our Buddha nature." In her book The Key of Immediate Enlightenment, it is said that those who recite her name would become elevated.
Ching Hai initiates spiritual aspirants into the Quan Yin Method, which is purported to exist in various religions under different names, as the "best, easiest, and quickest" way to get enlightenment.
The method involves meditation on the "inner light and the inner sound of God", or the Shabd
that she claims is also referred to in the Bible and said to be acknowledged repeatedly in the literature of all the world's major spiritual traditions. Ching Hai accepts people from all backgrounds and religious affiliations for initiation. One does not have to change one's present religion or system of beliefs. Neophytes to the Ching Hai way may cease eating animal products gradually (for ten days per month) in what is termed the "Convenient Method" and do half an hour of meditation a day. The Quan Yin Method requires two and a half hours of meditation per day and adherence to five precepts borrowed from the Five Precepts of Buddhism
:
The authorities asserted that the organization's beliefs and activities were fundamentally "anticommunist", and it was labelled a "reactionary religious organization." At the time that the ban against "heterodox religions" was put into law in July 1999, Guanyin Famen/Quan Yin claimed an estimated 500,000 followers in 20 provinces and cities.
In January 2002 the manager of the Wuhan Zhongzhi Electric Testing Equipment Company was accused by the Chinese authorities of using the business as a cover to "support heresies" associated with Guanyin Famen/Quan Yin. The enterprise allegedly supported 30 Quan Yin practitioners who "masqueraded as employees and business associates." The manager was charged with using the company's offices and buildings as "retreat sites," organizing "initiations" and "screenings" to recruit members, and illegally printing and distributing more than 6,000 copies of "heretical texts."
cost $1 million USD to remove after being illegally constructed by Ching Hai, known locally as a wealthy property owner under the pseudonym Celestia De Lamour. National Park workers replanted between 400 and 500 mangrove trees in the area once covered by the illegal boardwalk. The private property owned by Ching Hai adjacent to the national park was seized by police and later sold at auction to the village of Palmetto Bay
, which planned to establish a park on the site.
Ching Hai is a poet, painter, musician, self-published writer and entrepreneur who heads the Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association, a business group with worldwide interests in restaurants, fashion and jewellery design. She is known for her philanthropic and humanitarian work, and has been criticised for making allegedly ostentatious displays of generosity.
Biography
The San Francisco Weekly cites 1995 research by a Berkeley graduate student in journalism which says she was born Hue Dang Trinh to a Vietnamese mother and an ethnic Chinese father, on 12 May 1950 in a small village in the Quang Ngai ProvinceQuang Ngai Province
Quảng Ngãi is a province in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam, on the coast of South China Sea. It is located 883 km south of Hanoi and 838 km north of Ho Chi Minh City.-History:...
in Vietnam.
At 19, during the height of the Vietnam War, she developed a relationship with a German scientist and doctor who was a relief worker: Trinh worked as a Red Cross interpreter in Europe. They married, but separated after two years when she left him to pursue spiritual enlightenment. In 1979, she met a Buddhist monk in Germany whom she followed for three years, but his monastery denied entry to females. She moved to India to study different religions, and became a disciple of Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar Singh was a spiritual teacher in the Sant Mat lineage of contemporary saints.Initiated by Sant Kirpal Singh in 1965, he began work as a Satguru himself in 1976, following the passing of his beloved Master...
. During her stay at his ashram
Ashram
Traditionally, an ashram is a spiritual hermitage. Additionally, today the term ashram often denotes a locus of Indian cultural activity such as yoga, music study or religious instruction, the moral equivalent of a studio or dojo....
, she learned the Radha Soami
Radha Soami
Radhasoami is a philosophical organization originating in 19th century India, and considered by adherents as a true way to attain God realization...
Sant Mat
Sant Mat
Sant Mat was a loosely associated group of teachers that became prominent in the northern part of the Indian sub-continent from about the 13th century...
'Light and Sound' meditation technique which Thakur Singh taught , and from which her Quan Yin Method is derived.
According to an account by Patricia Thornton, Ching Hai's recognition as a spiritual leader began in 1982, when she tried to buy a copy of the Hindu sacred work the Bhagavad-Gita from a small shop beside the Ganges. The shopkeepers denied having a copy, but she insisted she had seen it there. An extensive search uncovered a copy hidden in a sealed box; word quickly spread that Ching Hai had an "unusually well-developed third eye
Third eye
The third eye is a mystical and esoteric concept referring in part to the ajna chakra in certain spiritual traditions. It is also spoken of as the gate that leads within to inner realms and spaces of higher consciousness...
."
In 1983, she followed a Vietnamese Buddhist monk in Taiwan named Jing-Xing. Unaware of her prior connection to Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar Singh was a spiritual teacher in the Sant Mat lineage of contemporary saints.Initiated by Sant Kirpal Singh in 1965, he began work as a Satguru himself in 1976, following the passing of his beloved Master...
, Jing-Xing ordained her in 1984 as "Thanh Hai". In Mandarin this is Ching Hai, which means "pure ocean".
According to her official biography, Ching Hai was born to a well-off naturopath's family in Âu Lạc (old name for the region north of Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
) in Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
. Though raised as a Roman Catholic, she learned the basics of Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
from her grandmother. After being given a divine transmission of the Inner Light and Sound by a true Master in the Himalayas
Himalayas
The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...
, she renamed the technique the Quan Yin Method.
No initiation or membership fees are collected from disciples, but the bulk of her financial support comes from Taiwan, where her following is the strongest; her followers in the US are predominantly new immigrants from China and Vietnam. Her Supreme Master Meditation Centers, incorporated in Los Angeles and San Jose and several US states, benefit from tax-exempt status as religious organizations. Ching Hai has been described by Rafer Guzmán of Metroactive as a "tireless publicity seeker". By her own admission, she presides over a "rather big organisation" with "a lot of centers around the world—40 or 50 countries". The organisation includes restaurants and outlets for jewellery and clothes designed by her.
International profile
On 22 February 1994 she was awarded commendations from representatives of six US State Governors for contributions to various disaster relief funds. Ching Hai asks her followers to specifically acknowledge these two days each year, both referred to as Ching Hai Day.She has claimed that seven United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
governors proclaimed 22 February 1994 as "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day" in recognition of her charitable work including then governor of Iowa, Terry Branstad, for her $65,000 donation to relief efforts for victims of the 1993 Mississippi River flooding
Great Flood of 1993
The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 occurred in the American Midwest, along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries, from April to October 1993. The flood was among the most costly and devastating to ever occur in the United States, with $15 billion in damages...
. However in the same year, $200,000 which she promised to a relief organisation after the Southern Californian fires reportedly never arrived. Metroactive reported that it was alleged in Taiwan that Ching Hai set up two front organisations to make awards to her, and manipulated a United States official into posing as the president of one in a public ceremony.
In 1994, the local government in Vinh Long Province, Vietnam issued a declaration classifying Ching Hai's operations as "religious propaganda" intended to "illegally oppose the government." Actions were launched to curtail further activities by her organisation.
In 1996, in an attempt to build political support abroad, Ching Hai asked her followers to contribute money to the Clinton
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
Presidential Legal Expense Trust. US$880,000 was raised. However, the donations were returned when the Trust found irregularities involving identical signatures and consecutively numbered money orders. They also found donors listed who did not have the financial means to give that amount of money. The year-long scandal had a negative effect on her organisation, further damaged perception of the Clinton administration, and rather than the intended "boomerang of international support" for her efforts, resulted in an extensive investigation and a congressional subpoena. The Taiwan government also investigated her organization for "alleged fund-raising improprieties," which included a transfer of $2 million outside of the country.
Ching Hai was criticised in the Western press as "The Immaterial Girl: Part Buddha, Part Madonna," and as "The Buddhist Martha Stewart
Martha Stewart
Martha Stewart is an American business magnate, author, magazine publisher, and television personality. As founder of Martha Stewart Living Omnimedia, she has gained success through a variety of business ventures, encompassing publishing, broadcasting, and merchandising...
... merchandizing mystic from Taiwan."
Ching Hai was awarded the Gusi Peace Prize
Gusi Peace Prize
The Gusi Peace Prize is a Philippines based award recognising individuals working toward the attainment of peace and respect for human life and dignity....
in 2006 in Manila
Manila
Manila is the capital of the Philippines. It is one of the sixteen cities forming Metro Manila.Manila is located on the eastern shores of Manila Bay and is bordered by Navotas and Caloocan to the north, Quezon City to the northeast, San Juan and Mandaluyong to the east, Makati on the southeast,...
, Philippines
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
for her work in Philanthropy and Humanitarianism.
Operations
Ching Hai supports many vegetarian and vegan restaurants, and is described as the innovator of the international Loving HutLoving Hut
Loving Hut is the biggest international chain of vegan restaurants. It was founded by Supreme Master Ching Hai, a spiritual leader and entrepreneur from Taiwan.As of August, 2010 there are 125 Loving Hut stores worldwide....
vegan restaurant group, now with 135 restaurants worldwide.
Admission to her public seminars is free, but she has made millions of dollars as a painter, author, fashion designer, and jewelry designer. She launched an expensive clothing line in New York and Paris in 1995. Her business activities have led some detractors to question her motives, and she has also been criticised because her disciples are reported to buy much of her artwork, which is seen as a de facto donation. One disciple is believed to have bought a pair of used sweat socks for US$800 because "when the Master leaves the physical world, at least I will have her socks". In 1997, she stated that she earned more than former U.S. President Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...
's annual salary of $200,000. Followers respond that much of the money she makes is used for helping the poor and providing necessities to refugees and victims of environmental disasters.
She offers a $64 catalogue of 50 books called "Elevation of the Soul" which include a Supreme Master cookbook, more than 400 videos of public appearances by the "Supreme Master" and an $8 video of "Funny Non-Saint Stories" taped in Los Angeles, plus footage of "Master's Birthday Celebration" in Taiwan. The San Francisco Weekly said: "Some of the videos have the ring of a Zen koan – 'To Do Without Doing' – while others are as unambiguous as 'A Message From God.' There are even lip-synched
Lip sync
Lip sync, lip-sync, lip-synch is a technical term for matching lip movements with sung or spoken vocals...
pop music videos..."
She has authored self published picture books, such as The Birds in My Life and The Noble Wilds. The books consist of hundreds of photos described as being personally taken by Ching Hai, many of them digitally manipulated to anthropomorphise the animals, and are interlaced with short poems written by her.
The group maintains websites in at least 17 languages, offering in-house news magazines, RealAudio and downloadable MP3 versions of radio broadcasts, and online WindowsMedia versions of Supreme Master television programs for those without access to cable stations. The main website of the group contains a prominent link to the "Celestial Shop," along with the Suma Hai Ching publishing company. Items available online include a line of "Celestial" apparel and jewelry designed by the Supreme Master, along with a range of other items that included, as of August 2010, products from the Loving Hut restaurant chain, and many assorted lamps with names such as The Lucky Bagwa, At One With All Creation, Blessing Light, and Celestial Rain, among many others.
Supreme Master Ching Hai International
Supreme Master Ching Hai International is the corporate entity behind Guanyin Famen/Quan Yin. It is affiliated with World Peace Media, Oceans of Love Entertainment, Supreme Master Television, and several cable television series, all groups and businesses established by Ching Hai. Her organisation runs a string of vegetarian restaurants around the world, some of which sell her merchandise.In late 2008 Ching Hai launched a media campaign in Australia and New Zealand
New Zealand
New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...
asking people to "Be Green, Go Veg, Save the Planet". Vegetarianism, clean energy, and tree planting were promoted as a solution to climate change
Climate change
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average...
and pollution. The Supreme Master Ching Hai International Association also made submissions to the Garnaut Climate Change Review
Garnaut Climate Change Review
The Garnaut Climate Change Review was a study by Professor Ross Garnaut, commissioned by then Opposition Leader, Kevin Rudd and by the Australian State and Territory Governments on 30 April 2007...
advocating large cuts to livestock production.
According to political scientist Patricia M. Thornton at the University of Oxford, the Ching Hai World Society's heavy reliance on the internet for text distribution, recruitment and information-sharing, marks the group as a transnational "cybersect."
The source of wealth behind the group's charitable efforts and its media empire is a mystery, according to Thornton. Like the Qigong
Qigong
Qigong or chi kung is a practice of aligning breath, movement, and awareness for exercise, healing, and meditation...
organisations that came to the fore in China in the 1980s and 1990s, Suma Ching Hai International adopted the structure of a business enterprise early on.
Much of the media produced by Suma Ching Hai International is heavily self-referential and promotional, according to Thornton, and aims to "build a public record of recognition for group activities." In 1998 the organization staged a concert for donating to several prominent children's foundations in the U.S., while highlights of the event were captured in a coffee-table book. Ching Hai has had local authorities in various countries declare particular dates "Supreme Master Ching Hai Day."
Quan Yin
In 1986, Ching Hai founded the 'Immeasurable Light Meditation Center' and the 'Way of Sound Contemplation' (Quan Yin) in Miaoli, Taiwan. Quan Yin is markedly similar to the much older Surat Shabd YogaSurat Shabd Yoga
Surat Shabd Yoga or Surat Shabda Yoga is a form of spiritual practice that is followed in the Sant Mat and many other related spiritual traditions...
from the Sant Mat
Sant Mat
Sant Mat was a loosely associated group of teachers that became prominent in the northern part of the Indian sub-continent from about the 13th century...
tradition which also teaches meditation on light and sound. In 1988 she severed any connection with Buddhism and developed the flamboyant style with which she is now associated.
Ching Hai has said, "It’s not that I invented the Quan Yin Method; I just know it. This method has existed since the beginning of time, when the universe was first formed. And it will always exist. It is not a method; it is like the way of the universe, a universal law that we must follow if we want to get back to the Origin, back to our true Self, back to the Kingdom of God or our Buddha nature." In her book The Key of Immediate Enlightenment, it is said that those who recite her name would become elevated.
Ching Hai initiates spiritual aspirants into the Quan Yin Method, which is purported to exist in various religions under different names, as the "best, easiest, and quickest" way to get enlightenment.
The method involves meditation on the "inner light and the inner sound of God", or the Shabd
Shabd
' is the Sanskrit for "sound, speech"In Sanskrit grammar, the term refers to an utterance in the sense of linguistic performance.-In Indian linguistics:...
that she claims is also referred to in the Bible and said to be acknowledged repeatedly in the literature of all the world's major spiritual traditions. Ching Hai accepts people from all backgrounds and religious affiliations for initiation. One does not have to change one's present religion or system of beliefs. Neophytes to the Ching Hai way may cease eating animal products gradually (for ten days per month) in what is termed the "Convenient Method" and do half an hour of meditation a day. The Quan Yin Method requires two and a half hours of meditation per day and adherence to five precepts borrowed from the Five Precepts of Buddhism
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
:
- Refrain from taking the life of sentient beings.
- Refrain from speaking what is not true.
- Refrain from taking what is not offered.
- Refrain from sexual misconduct.
- Refrain from the use of intoxicants.
Quan Yin in China
Quan Yin was introduced on the Chinese mainland in 1992, where it is commonly known as "Guanyin Famen" (Famen is Chinese for method). It spread without notice for several years, but in July 1996, two years before the onset of a campaign to stamp out "heretical sects," authorities in Sichuan found a list of several thousand practitioners of the method in seven provinces; it included many Chinese Communist Party (CCP) members, and some high-ranking cadres.The authorities asserted that the organization's beliefs and activities were fundamentally "anticommunist", and it was labelled a "reactionary religious organization." At the time that the ban against "heterodox religions" was put into law in July 1999, Guanyin Famen/Quan Yin claimed an estimated 500,000 followers in 20 provinces and cities.
In January 2002 the manager of the Wuhan Zhongzhi Electric Testing Equipment Company was accused by the Chinese authorities of using the business as a cover to "support heresies" associated with Guanyin Famen/Quan Yin. The enterprise allegedly supported 30 Quan Yin practitioners who "masqueraded as employees and business associates." The manager was charged with using the company's offices and buildings as "retreat sites," organizing "initiations" and "screenings" to recruit members, and illegally printing and distributing more than 6,000 copies of "heretical texts."
Environmental violations
In 2004, an artificial island and 330 feet (100.6 m) long boardwalk created in the Biscayne National ParkBiscayne National Park
Biscayne National Park is a U.S. National Park located in southern Florida, due east of Homestead. The park preserves Biscayne Bay, one of the top scuba diving areas in the United States. Ninety-five percent of the park is water. In addition, the shore of the bay is the location of an extensive...
cost $1 million USD to remove after being illegally constructed by Ching Hai, known locally as a wealthy property owner under the pseudonym Celestia De Lamour. National Park workers replanted between 400 and 500 mangrove trees in the area once covered by the illegal boardwalk. The private property owned by Ching Hai adjacent to the national park was seized by police and later sold at auction to the village of Palmetto Bay
Palmetto Bay, Florida
Palmetto Bay is a Miami suburban incorporated village in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States. The population was 24,469 at the 2000 census.Palmetto Bay includes two census-designated places defined in the 2000 census, Cutler and East Perrine.-History:...
, which planned to establish a park on the site.