Susanna Montgomery, Countess of Eglinton
Encyclopedia
Susanna or Susannah Montgomery or Montgomerie was the daughter of Sir Archibald Kennedy, 1st Baronet of Culzean
and the third wife of Alexander Seton Montgomerie
(c. 1660 - February 18, 1729), ninth Earl of Eglinton
in the Peerage
of Scotland
. Born in 1690, she died at Auchans on March 18, 1780 at the age of 90. She had been a widow for nearly 51 years. The surname of the family is often rendered as Montgomerie and she signed herself as S. Eglintoune.
Lady Eglinton was celebrated for her beauty, and for her patronage of the Scottish poets and writers of her day. Her interest in literature was seen by her contemporaries to be distinctly odd for one of her station. Sir William Fraser, the Scottish historian, said that to her loveliness were added the more valuable attractions of genius and great accomplishment. She was exceptional in her knowledge of art, music, literature, science, philosophy and history; additionally she spoke Italian, French and German.
Fullarton suggests that Susanna's personality owed much to her maternal grandfather, General David Leslie, later Lord Newark. He was second in command at the Battle of Marston moor
and in command at the Battle of Philiphaugh
; on the winning side at both encounters.
She was beautiful and at 6 foot, unusually tall for those times. It is stated that, on her arrival with her father in Edinburgh around the time of the Union (1702), she was surrounded by wooers. One of these, Sir John Clerk, baronet, of Pennycuik, was deemed likeliest to succeed; when Susanna's father consulted him as to the propriety of the match the earl, whose second countess was then alive but in a long-continued state of ill health, purportedly replied Bide awee, Sir Archie, my wife’s very sickly. Soon afterwards his second wife died of natural causes and he married again, this being to his third countess. Susanna did not immediately accept, but the earl eventually won through in spite of numerous rivals. She was married for 20 years and a widow at the age of 40, living for another 51 years. She brought to the family a way of walking in a stately fashion which became known as 'the Eglinton air'.
One story relates that she had long been destined to marry the 9th Earl, for one day whilst out walking at Culzean, a hawk belonging to the Earl landed on her shoulder when she called to it and those observing saw it as a clear omen once the silver bells arounds its neck were seen to carry the name of the earl.
A roundelay entitled The Lovely Eglintoune became well known throughout Scotland, being composed by Hamilton of Bangour.
The Gentle Shepherd
, first published in 1725, was dedicated to her by Allan Ramsay
’s and Hamilton of Bangour’s wrote flattering verse to Susanna, Lady Eglinton and her daughters. Ramsay referred to her penetration, superior wit and sound judgement ........ accompanied with the diviner charms of goodness and equality of mind. Samuel Boyse
dedicated a volume of poems to her. Several other publications of the period were inscribed to her, and to her Ramsay also dedicated the music of his first book of songs. At a later period he presented to the countess the original manuscript of his great pastoral poem, which she afterwards gave to James Boswell
, and it is was for many years preserved in the library at Auchinleck House, along with the presentation letter of the poet.
She briefly attended the court of King George II
in 1730 and had caught the eye of the Queen, Caroline of Ansbach
. King George II described her as the most beautiful woman in my dominions. Susanna's special entertainments were magnificent and it was said that they were seldom if ever equalled in any private mansion. She refused to attend the procession at the coronation of King George III in 1760 because of her Jacobite
sympathies.
Susanna retained her figure and complexion until her death, supposedly because she never used paint or cosmetics and daily washed her face with sow's milk and drank it, recommending this treatment to others. Her eyes colour however went from the blue of forget-me-not
to the light blue of speedwells
. She once said to her daughter, Lady Bettie - What would you give to be as pretty as I am? To which Lady Bettie replied - Not half as much as you would give to be as young as I am. Cummell in her lifetime recorded that her complexion was like rhododendron and rose flowers dipped in milk. her daughter Helen once commented Who can surpass Mama? She has not aged a day in fourty years. It was believed that Susanna had discovered the secret of eternal youth, showing no signs of her beauty lessening even at the age of sixty.
When she and her daughters were in Edinburgh the caddies at the Cross were said to be dumbfounded by their beauty as they stepped from their Sedan chairs.
Paterson records that Susanna Countess of Eglintoun was amiable, accomplished and beautiful. A portrait of her ladyship when young was in the possession of the late Mr Sharpe. He had also a miniature of her in her 81st year, when she was a fine looking, stout old lady. Her blue eyes grew lighter in colour as she advanced in years. Her portrait still hangs in Culzean Castle.
Dr. Robert Chambers recorded that In her bed-rooms was hung a portrait of her sovereign de jure (in principle), the ill-starred Charles Edward, so situated as to be the first object which met her sight on awaking in the morning. Her husband had been a covert Jacobite.
A full-length portrait (97" by 53") of Susanna as Countess in her robes was painted by Allan Ramsay and was sold at the 1925 auction of the contents of Eglinton Castle. Allan was the eldest son of Allan Ramsay the poet who had dedicated 'The Gentle Shepherd' to Susanna. This painting now hangs in Culzean Castle.
Robert Campbell (Cummell) records that Quintin Crawfurd was Lady Susanna's factor.
on the estate as shown by her correspondence and the fact that she intervened in the 1749 - 50 labour unrest. The miners at this time claimed that they were forced to work a 14 hour day, six days a week in order to earn a living wage.
Susanna summoned the miners to Eglinton Castle
to try and sort things out, as a result of which several of the miners signed a 'disclamation' which they later tried to repudiate. The lawyer who dealt with the case stated that it is probable a Lady of great Beauty of Address might prevail with some of the old Coalziers to sign any paper.
She was very industrious and even established a brewery inside the walls of Cromwell's old fort at Ayr to increase her income. It seems to have been successful.
; Lady Grace married Cornet Byrne, a debaucher and gambler, in 1751 and died in the same year; Lady Frances died unmarried. To them their handsome mother transmitted a nobleness of mien, distinguished at the period as the “Eglinton air.” She had seven step children through the earl's two previous marriages.
Two of her sons had smallpox
and one had scarlet fever
. Her daughter Charlotte died suddenly of fever after having previously lost the use of her limbs. Eleanor was frequently unwell and a special trip to the 'waters' at Bath did not cure her; Susanna got scurvy. Apart from Charlotte all her daughters lived long enough to marry and have children, however Susanna, the mother, outlived them all.
Lady Margaret MacDonald helped Flora MacDonald
in her efforts to save Bonnie Prince Charlie whilst her husband was off fighting the Jacobites.
met two men, one of whom was Mungo Campbell, an officer of excise at Saltcoats
, and son of a Provost of Ayr, one of twenty-four children. Alexander, as Mungo had previously been caught shooting game on his estates, asked Mungo to hand over the gun he was carrying, which he refused, saying that he would rather die. The earl then ordered his fowling-piece, which was not loaded, to be brought from the carriage and in the scuffle that ensued, Mungo fired at Lord Eglinton, who was mortally wounded in the bowels, and died ten hours later at about one o’clock the following morning, at Eglinton Castle
, where he had been taken in his carriage. The preserved door pannel (sic) contradicts the stated course of events by stating that the Earl was instantly shot upon leaving his carriage.
A contemporary newspaper report first recorded the incident as actually being a duel over a woman in which the Earl had been worsted. Indeed, when in London (from 1760 to 1763 at the least) he stayed in Queen Street, Mayfair and according to Boswell, he kept a mistress, a Ms. or Mrs. Brown, who, in 1763, "had lived with him seven or eight years".
Mungo Campbell hung himself and thereby cheated the hangman. He left the following note -
Susanna never quite recovered from the sight of her dying son being carried into Eglinton Castle and wrote I shall endeavour to bear my suffering with as little trouble to my fellow creatures as possible. Millar records that after the murder, by Mungo Campbell, of her son Alexander, tenth Earl of Eglintoun, in 1769, she retired from the position which she held in society. She had insisted that the Earl was always referred to as Lord Eglinton as a youth and he had formally led her down to dinner every night. The murderer was tried before the high court of justiciary at Edinburgh, and condemned to death, but prevented a public execution by hanging himself in prison.
The Countess Susanna would have been further devastated by the attitude of many of the estate tenants who had more sympathy for Mungo Campbell than for the earl, and saw his death as a punishment imposed by heaven, due to the misimprovements of his life and the still more irritating improvement of his estates, his changes of old customs, his interference with old tenants. Mungo himself was also well liked in all the places that he had resided as an Excise officer, namely Stewarton, Saltcoats and Irvine.
Dying unmarried, the earl was succeeded by his brother, Archibald
. The carriage door, inscribed with the details of the tragedy, was retained by the Montgomerie family until the great sale of Eglinton Castle's contents in the 1920s.
The incident was written into a novel by John Galt
, the well known story of fictitious Ayrshire village life, 'Annals of the Parish'.
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It was traditional and practical for a dowager to move out of the family seat and dwell within a dower house
. Susanna as dowager countess seems to have first moved to Kilmaurs Place
in Kilmaurs
, East Ayrshire and later moved to Auchans near Dundonald
. Letters from 1751 to 1762 are recorded as being written at Kilmars (sic) and from 1765 they are recorded as being written at Auchans. In 1762 she writes in a letter to her son-in-law James Moray of Abercairney that her son (the tenth Earl) has given her Auchans House and that she was about to repair it. When her second son, Archibald (the 11th Earl) was married in 1772, she took up her residence permanently at Auchans
, where she lived for eight years.
In 1773 James Boswell
and Samuel Johnson
visited Lady Susanna, now the Dowager Countess, at her home, Auchans, near Dundonald
. Her son Alexander already knew Johnson and had passed on much information about him to his mother.
She knew that Johnson wished to live a long life and became sulky if death was mentioned. She tactfully embraced Johnson upon his departure and commented that as she was old enough to be his mother, she would adopt him as her son; Johnson was delighted. Auchans is now Old Auchans and stands as a substantial ruin in 2009.
Lady Susanna is also remembered for taming a number of rats at Auchans to come for food at her table when she tapped on the oak wall panel and opened a small door. These ten or twelve rats would leave when instructed to; she commented that she valued the gratitude they showed, something she had rarely received from humans.
Johnson, in a letter to Mrs Thrale
, described Susanna as a lady who for many years gave the laws of elegance to Scotland. She is in full vigour of mind, and not much impaired in form. She is only eighty-three. She was remarking that her marriage was in the year eight; and I told her my birth was in the year nine. 'Then,' says she, 'I am just old enough to be your mother, and I will take you for my son.' She called Boswell the boy. 'Yes, Madam.' said I, 'we will send him to school.' 'He is already,' said she, 'in a good school;' and expressed her hope of his improvement. At last night came, and I was sorry to leave her.
Johnson also wrote that Her figure is majestic, her manner high bred, her reading extensive and her conversation elegant. She has been the admiration of the gay circles of life.
Archibald William Alexander Montgomerie, 17th Earl of Eglinton and Winton named his first child for Susanna; Lady Susanna Montgomerie was born 19 October 1941 and became Lady Susanna Crawfurd, having married Mr David Dundas Crawford.
John Dunlop Esq. of Whitmuir Hall near Selkirk, who lived to sixty one years of age, was the onetime Factor to Susanna Montgomery at Auchans Castle. He may have lived at the now ruined Old Auchans and was held in high regard by William Aiton.
In 1810 a John Crawfurd made a bogus claim to the titles and estates of the Crawfurds and Lindsays; to add some credibility he claimed that his forbear had been the eldest son and heir and had been forced to flee to Ireland after having murdered a man in a duel by firing before the signal. This duel he claimed had been over a matter of honour relating to the Lady Susanna Kennedy, with whom he was entirely smitten.
Culzean Castle
Culzean Castle is a castle near Maybole, Carrick, on the Ayrshire coast of Scotland. It is the former home of the Marquess of Ailsa but is now owned by the National Trust for Scotland...
and the third wife of Alexander Seton Montgomerie
Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton
Alexander Seton Montgomerie was the ninth Earl of Eglinton in the Peerage of Scotland.Although from a traditionally Roman Catholic family, Eglinton became one of the first firmly Presbyterian nobles. During the English Civil War he was colonel of horse in the army supporting the English...
(c. 1660 - February 18, 1729), ninth Earl of Eglinton
Earl of Eglinton
Earl of Eglinton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland.Some authorities spell the title: Earl of Eglintoun In 1859 the thirteenth Earl of Eglinton, Archibald Montgomerie, was also created Earl of Winton in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him an automatic seat in the House of Lords,...
in the Peerage
Peerage of Scotland
The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. With that year's Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of England were combined into the Kingdom of Great Britain, and a new Peerage of Great Britain was...
of Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
. Born in 1690, she died at Auchans on March 18, 1780 at the age of 90. She had been a widow for nearly 51 years. The surname of the family is often rendered as Montgomerie and she signed herself as S. Eglintoune.
Personal qualities, marriage and anecdotes
Fullarton suggests that Susanna's personality owed much to her maternal grandfather, General David Leslie, later Lord Newark. He was second in command at the Battle of Marston moor
Battle of Marston Moor
The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the First English Civil War of 1642–1646. The combined forces of the Scottish Covenanters under the Earl of Leven and the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester defeated the Royalists commanded by Prince...
and in command at the Battle of Philiphaugh
Battle of Philiphaugh
The Battle of Philiphaugh was fought on 13 September 1645 during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms near Selkirk in the Scottish Borders. The Royalist army of the Marquess of Montrose was destroyed by the Covenanter army of Sir David Leslie, restoring the power of the Committee of Estates.-Prelude:When...
; on the winning side at both encounters.
She was beautiful and at 6 foot, unusually tall for those times. It is stated that, on her arrival with her father in Edinburgh around the time of the Union (1702), she was surrounded by wooers. One of these, Sir John Clerk, baronet, of Pennycuik, was deemed likeliest to succeed; when Susanna's father consulted him as to the propriety of the match the earl, whose second countess was then alive but in a long-continued state of ill health, purportedly replied Bide awee, Sir Archie, my wife’s very sickly. Soon afterwards his second wife died of natural causes and he married again, this being to his third countess. Susanna did not immediately accept, but the earl eventually won through in spite of numerous rivals. She was married for 20 years and a widow at the age of 40, living for another 51 years. She brought to the family a way of walking in a stately fashion which became known as 'the Eglinton air'.
One story relates that she had long been destined to marry the 9th Earl, for one day whilst out walking at Culzean, a hawk belonging to the Earl landed on her shoulder when she called to it and those observing saw it as a clear omen once the silver bells arounds its neck were seen to carry the name of the earl.
A roundelay entitled The Lovely Eglintoune became well known throughout Scotland, being composed by Hamilton of Bangour.
The Gentle Shepherd
The Gentle Shepherd
"The Gentle Shepherd" is a pastoral by Allan Ramsay first published in 1725 and dedicated to Susanna Montgomery, Lady Eglinton. The original manuscript was given to Lady Eglinton....
, first published in 1725, was dedicated to her by Allan Ramsay
Allan Ramsay (poet)
Allan Ramsay was a Scottish poet , playwright, publisher, librarian and wig-maker.-Life and career:...
’s and Hamilton of Bangour’s wrote flattering verse to Susanna, Lady Eglinton and her daughters. Ramsay referred to her penetration, superior wit and sound judgement ........ accompanied with the diviner charms of goodness and equality of mind. Samuel Boyse
Samuel Boyse
Samuel Boyse was an Irish poet and writer who worked for Sir Robert Walpole and whose religious verses in particular were prized and reprinted in his time.-Life:...
dedicated a volume of poems to her. Several other publications of the period were inscribed to her, and to her Ramsay also dedicated the music of his first book of songs. At a later period he presented to the countess the original manuscript of his great pastoral poem, which she afterwards gave to James Boswell
James Boswell
James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck was a lawyer, diarist, and author born in Edinburgh, Scotland; he is best known for the biography he wrote of one of his contemporaries, the English literary figure Samuel Johnson....
, and it is was for many years preserved in the library at Auchinleck House, along with the presentation letter of the poet.
The Gentle Shepherd Paraphrased by Hamilton of Bangour. Oh Eglintoun! thy happy breast, Calm and serene enjoys the heavenly guest; From the tumultuous rule of passions freed, Pure in thy thought, and spotless in thy deed; In virtues rich, in goodness unconfin'd, Thou shin'st a fair example to thy kind. |
She briefly attended the court of King George II
George II of Great Britain
George II was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Archtreasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death.George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain. He was born and brought up in Northern Germany...
in 1730 and had caught the eye of the Queen, Caroline of Ansbach
Caroline of Ansbach
Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach was the queen consort of King George II of Great Britain.Her father, John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, was the ruler of a small German state...
. King George II described her as the most beautiful woman in my dominions. Susanna's special entertainments were magnificent and it was said that they were seldom if ever equalled in any private mansion. She refused to attend the procession at the coronation of King George III in 1760 because of her Jacobite
Jacobitism
Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland...
sympathies.
Susanna retained her figure and complexion until her death, supposedly because she never used paint or cosmetics and daily washed her face with sow's milk and drank it, recommending this treatment to others. Her eyes colour however went from the blue of forget-me-not
Forget-me-not
Myosotis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae that are commonly called Forget-me-nots. Its common name was calqued from the French, "ne m'oubliez pas" and first used in English in c. 1532. Similar names and variations are found in many languages.-Description:There are...
to the light blue of speedwells
Veronica arvensis
Veronica arvensis is a medicinal plant and noxious weed native to Africa, Asia and Europe ....
. She once said to her daughter, Lady Bettie - What would you give to be as pretty as I am? To which Lady Bettie replied - Not half as much as you would give to be as young as I am. Cummell in her lifetime recorded that her complexion was like rhododendron and rose flowers dipped in milk. her daughter Helen once commented Who can surpass Mama? She has not aged a day in fourty years. It was believed that Susanna had discovered the secret of eternal youth, showing no signs of her beauty lessening even at the age of sixty.
When she and her daughters were in Edinburgh the caddies at the Cross were said to be dumbfounded by their beauty as they stepped from their Sedan chairs.
Paterson records that Susanna Countess of Eglintoun was amiable, accomplished and beautiful. A portrait of her ladyship when young was in the possession of the late Mr Sharpe. He had also a miniature of her in her 81st year, when she was a fine looking, stout old lady. Her blue eyes grew lighter in colour as she advanced in years. Her portrait still hangs in Culzean Castle.
Dr. Robert Chambers recorded that In her bed-rooms was hung a portrait of her sovereign de jure (in principle), the ill-starred Charles Edward, so situated as to be the first object which met her sight on awaking in the morning. Her husband had been a covert Jacobite.
A full-length portrait (97" by 53") of Susanna as Countess in her robes was painted by Allan Ramsay and was sold at the 1925 auction of the contents of Eglinton Castle. Allan was the eldest son of Allan Ramsay the poet who had dedicated 'The Gentle Shepherd' to Susanna. This painting now hangs in Culzean Castle.
Robert Campbell (Cummell) records that Quintin Crawfurd was Lady Susanna's factor.
Involvement in industry
The Montgomerie family owned a number of coal mines or pits and Susanna was involved in the general supervision of minersIndustry and the Eglinton Castle estate
The Eglinton Castle estate was situated at Irvine, on the outskirts of Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland in the former district of Cunninghame. Eglinton Castle, was once home to the Montgomeries, Earls of Eglinton and chiefs of the Clan Montgomery...
on the estate as shown by her correspondence and the fact that she intervened in the 1749 - 50 labour unrest. The miners at this time claimed that they were forced to work a 14 hour day, six days a week in order to earn a living wage.
Susanna summoned the miners to Eglinton Castle
Eglinton Castle
Eglinton Castle was a large Gothic castellated mansion in Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland.-The castle :The ancient seat of the Earls of Eglinton, it is located just south of the town of Kilwinning...
to try and sort things out, as a result of which several of the miners signed a 'disclamation' which they later tried to repudiate. The lawyer who dealt with the case stated that it is probable a Lady of great Beauty of Address might prevail with some of the old Coalziers to sign any paper.
She was very industrious and even established a brewery inside the walls of Cromwell's old fort at Ayr to increase her income. It seems to have been successful.
Offspring and step children
She had three sons, James, Lord Montgomerie, who died under age; Alexander, tenth earl of Eglinton, and Archibald, eleventh earl; and eight daughters, who were all married but one. Lady Elizabeth married Sir John Cunningham of Caprington; Lady Helen married Francis Stuart of Pittendriech in 1745; Lady Susan married John Renton of Lamerton; Lady Margaret married Sir Alexander MacDonald in 1739; Lady Christian married James Moray of AbercairnyAbercairny
Abercairny is an estate in the Scottish region of Perth and Kinross. It had the distinction of a short visit by Queen Victoria 12 September 1842, when she wished to see the mansion house, then under construction. The estate, owned by the Moray family since the 13th century, is located 4 miles east...
; Lady Grace married Cornet Byrne, a debaucher and gambler, in 1751 and died in the same year; Lady Frances died unmarried. To them their handsome mother transmitted a nobleness of mien, distinguished at the period as the “Eglinton air.” She had seven step children through the earl's two previous marriages.
Two of her sons had smallpox
Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...
and one had scarlet fever
Scarlet fever
Scarlet fever is a disease caused by exotoxin released by Streptococcus pyogenes. Once a major cause of death, it is now effectively treated with antibiotics...
. Her daughter Charlotte died suddenly of fever after having previously lost the use of her limbs. Eleanor was frequently unwell and a special trip to the 'waters' at Bath did not cure her; Susanna got scurvy. Apart from Charlotte all her daughters lived long enough to marry and have children, however Susanna, the mother, outlived them all.
Lady Margaret MacDonald helped Flora MacDonald
Flora MacDonald
Flora Isabel MacDonald, is a Canadian politician.Born in North Sydney, Nova Scotia, she worked in administration for the Progressive Conservative Party for several years, prior to becoming involved in electoral politics....
in her efforts to save Bonnie Prince Charlie whilst her husband was off fighting the Jacobites.
The death of her son Alexander, 10th Earl of Eglinton
On the 24th October 1769, near Ardrossan, travelling in his carriage and four servants following him, AlexanderAlexander Montgomerie, 10th Earl of Eglinton
Alexander Montgomerie, 10th Earl of Eglinton , was a Scottish peer.Eglinton was the son of the 9th Earl of Eglinton. His mother and third wife of the 9th Earl was Susanna Montgomery, Countess of Eglinton the renowned society beauty...
met two men, one of whom was Mungo Campbell, an officer of excise at Saltcoats
Saltcoats
- References :*McSherry, R. & M. . Old Saltcoats, Stenlake Publishing, Ochiltree. ISBN 1-872074-57-X.*Stansfield, G. . Ayrshire & Renfrewshire's Lost Railways, Stenlake Publishing, Catrine. ISBN 1-84033-077-5.-External links:***...
, and son of a Provost of Ayr, one of twenty-four children. Alexander, as Mungo had previously been caught shooting game on his estates, asked Mungo to hand over the gun he was carrying, which he refused, saying that he would rather die. The earl then ordered his fowling-piece, which was not loaded, to be brought from the carriage and in the scuffle that ensued, Mungo fired at Lord Eglinton, who was mortally wounded in the bowels, and died ten hours later at about one o’clock the following morning, at Eglinton Castle
Eglinton Castle
Eglinton Castle was a large Gothic castellated mansion in Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland.-The castle :The ancient seat of the Earls of Eglinton, it is located just south of the town of Kilwinning...
, where he had been taken in his carriage. The preserved door pannel (sic) contradicts the stated course of events by stating that the Earl was instantly shot upon leaving his carriage.
A contemporary newspaper report first recorded the incident as actually being a duel over a woman in which the Earl had been worsted. Indeed, when in London (from 1760 to 1763 at the least) he stayed in Queen Street, Mayfair and according to Boswell, he kept a mistress, a Ms. or Mrs. Brown, who, in 1763, "had lived with him seven or eight years".
Mungo Campbell hung himself and thereby cheated the hangman. He left the following note -
Susanna never quite recovered from the sight of her dying son being carried into Eglinton Castle and wrote I shall endeavour to bear my suffering with as little trouble to my fellow creatures as possible. Millar records that after the murder, by Mungo Campbell, of her son Alexander, tenth Earl of Eglintoun, in 1769, she retired from the position which she held in society. She had insisted that the Earl was always referred to as Lord Eglinton as a youth and he had formally led her down to dinner every night. The murderer was tried before the high court of justiciary at Edinburgh, and condemned to death, but prevented a public execution by hanging himself in prison.
The Countess Susanna would have been further devastated by the attitude of many of the estate tenants who had more sympathy for Mungo Campbell than for the earl, and saw his death as a punishment imposed by heaven, due to the misimprovements of his life and the still more irritating improvement of his estates, his changes of old customs, his interference with old tenants. Mungo himself was also well liked in all the places that he had resided as an Excise officer, namely Stewarton, Saltcoats and Irvine.
Dying unmarried, the earl was succeeded by his brother, Archibald
Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton
Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton was a Scottish General, and Member of Parliament in the British Parliament. He was also the Clan Chief of the Clan Montgomery. Montgomerie fought in the Seven Years' War, where he served with George Washington...
. The carriage door, inscribed with the details of the tragedy, was retained by the Montgomerie family until the great sale of Eglinton Castle's contents in the 1920s.
The incident was written into a novel by John Galt
John Galt
John Galt was a Scottish novelist, entrepreneur, and political and social commenter. Because he was the first novelist to deal with issues of the industrial revolution, he has been called the first political novelist in the English language.-Life:Born in Irvine, North Ayrshire, Scotland, Galt was...
, the well known story of fictitious Ayrshire village life, 'Annals of the Parish'.
Correspondence
Susanna was a prolific letter writer if the sixty-four letters that have survived are any indication. She wrote in particular to her daughters, step children, Lord Milton (the family Guardian appointed by her deceased husband), Andrew Fletcher of Salton and the Lord Justice Clerk.Dower Houses
Dower house
On an estate, a dower house is usually a moderately large house available for use by the widow of the estate-owner. The widow, often known as the "dowager" usually moves into the dower house from the larger family house on the death of her husband if the heir is married, and upon his marriage if he...
. Susanna as dowager countess seems to have first moved to Kilmaurs Place
Kilmaurs Place
Kilmaurs Place, The Place or Kilmaurs House, is an old mansion house or fortalice at in Kilmaurs, East Ayrshire, Scotland. The house stands on a prominence above the Carmel Water and has a commanding view of the surrounding area.-Introduction:...
in Kilmaurs
Kilmaurs
Kilmaurs is a village in East Ayrshire, Scotland. It lies on the Carmel, 21.1 miles south by west of Glasgow. Population recorded in 2001 Census, 2601- History :...
, East Ayrshire and later moved to Auchans near Dundonald
Dundonald
Dundonald is a large settlement in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies east of Belfast and is often deemed to be a suburb of the city. It includes the large housing estate of Ballybeen, and many new housing estates have emerged in the past ten years....
. Letters from 1751 to 1762 are recorded as being written at Kilmars (sic) and from 1765 they are recorded as being written at Auchans. In 1762 she writes in a letter to her son-in-law James Moray of Abercairney that her son (the tenth Earl) has given her Auchans House and that she was about to repair it. When her second son, Archibald (the 11th Earl) was married in 1772, she took up her residence permanently at Auchans
Auchans Castle, Ayrshire
Auchans Castle, House, House of Auchans or Old Auchans, is a mock military mansion, Category A listed, T-plan building of a late 16th century date converted to the L-plan during the early-to-mid-17th century; its ruins stand about 1 km W of Dundonald, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Parish of...
, where she lived for eight years.
Meeting with Samuel Johnson and James Boswell
James Boswell
James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck was a lawyer, diarist, and author born in Edinburgh, Scotland; he is best known for the biography he wrote of one of his contemporaries, the English literary figure Samuel Johnson....
and Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson , often referred to as Dr. Johnson, was an English author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer...
visited Lady Susanna, now the Dowager Countess, at her home, Auchans, near Dundonald
Dundonald
Dundonald is a large settlement in County Down, Northern Ireland. It lies east of Belfast and is often deemed to be a suburb of the city. It includes the large housing estate of Ballybeen, and many new housing estates have emerged in the past ten years....
. Her son Alexander already knew Johnson and had passed on much information about him to his mother.
She knew that Johnson wished to live a long life and became sulky if death was mentioned. She tactfully embraced Johnson upon his departure and commented that as she was old enough to be his mother, she would adopt him as her son; Johnson was delighted. Auchans is now Old Auchans and stands as a substantial ruin in 2009.
Lady Susanna is also remembered for taming a number of rats at Auchans to come for food at her table when she tapped on the oak wall panel and opened a small door. These ten or twelve rats would leave when instructed to; she commented that she valued the gratitude they showed, something she had rarely received from humans.
Johnson, in a letter to Mrs Thrale
Hester Thrale
Hester Lynch Thrale was a British diarist, author, and patron of the arts. Her diaries and correspondence are an important source of information about Samuel Johnson and 18th-century life.-Biography:Thrale was born at Bodvel Hall, Caernarvonshire, Wales...
, described Susanna as a lady who for many years gave the laws of elegance to Scotland. She is in full vigour of mind, and not much impaired in form. She is only eighty-three. She was remarking that her marriage was in the year eight; and I told her my birth was in the year nine. 'Then,' says she, 'I am just old enough to be your mother, and I will take you for my son.' She called Boswell the boy. 'Yes, Madam.' said I, 'we will send him to school.' 'He is already,' said she, 'in a good school;' and expressed her hope of his improvement. At last night came, and I was sorry to leave her.
Johnson also wrote that Her figure is majestic, her manner high bred, her reading extensive and her conversation elegant. She has been the admiration of the gay circles of life.
Namesakes
A Lady Susanna Montgomerie was the daughter of General Archibald Montgomerie, 11th Earl of Eglinton and Frances Twysden. She died on 16 November 1805, unmarried.Archibald William Alexander Montgomerie, 17th Earl of Eglinton and Winton named his first child for Susanna; Lady Susanna Montgomerie was born 19 October 1941 and became Lady Susanna Crawfurd, having married Mr David Dundas Crawford.
Microhistory
Around 1708 the elderly Sir John Eldon laid siege to Culzean Castle in a passionate and fruitless act known to locals as Susanna and the Elder.John Dunlop Esq. of Whitmuir Hall near Selkirk, who lived to sixty one years of age, was the onetime Factor to Susanna Montgomery at Auchans Castle. He may have lived at the now ruined Old Auchans and was held in high regard by William Aiton.
In 1810 a John Crawfurd made a bogus claim to the titles and estates of the Crawfurds and Lindsays; to add some credibility he claimed that his forbear had been the eldest son and heir and had been forced to flee to Ireland after having murdered a man in a duel by firing before the signal. This duel he claimed had been over a matter of honour relating to the Lady Susanna Kennedy, with whom he was entirely smitten.
See also
- Earl of EglintonEarl of EglintonEarl of Eglinton is a title in the Peerage of Scotland.Some authorities spell the title: Earl of Eglintoun In 1859 the thirteenth Earl of Eglinton, Archibald Montgomerie, was also created Earl of Winton in the Peerage of the United Kingdom, which gave him an automatic seat in the House of Lords,...
- Eglinton CastleEglinton CastleEglinton Castle was a large Gothic castellated mansion in Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland.-The castle :The ancient seat of the Earls of Eglinton, it is located just south of the town of Kilwinning...
- Eglinton Country ParkEglinton Country ParkEglinton Country Park is located in the grounds of the old Eglinton Castle estate, Kilwinning, North Ayrshire, Scotland . Eglinton Park is situated in the parish of Kilwinning, part of the former district of Cunninghame, and covers an area of 400 hectares...
- Auchans Castle, AyrshireAuchans Castle, AyrshireAuchans Castle, House, House of Auchans or Old Auchans, is a mock military mansion, Category A listed, T-plan building of a late 16th century date converted to the L-plan during the early-to-mid-17th century; its ruins stand about 1 km W of Dundonald, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Parish of...