Syed Mohammad Ashraf
Encyclopedia
Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf (died in 1815) was a very influential person in the region of Mewat
of Alwar during British India.
. He was a ulama
, faqih
and well versed in sharia
law. He worked for Islamic dawah
and did tabligh the whole life. As qadi
, he not only followed Islamic legal jurisprudence himself but also asked from others very strictly. At that time, qadi was not supposed to perform the marriage ceremonies only but also to look after all the administrative and managerial affairs of the city. In addition, he gave many judgments as Islamic lawyer.
He was also master in Horses in warfare
and horse breeding
which he carried out from his family stable
located at small town 'Sakras', District Gurgaon
now a part of Ferozepur Jhirka
, District Mewat
, (Haryana
). He used to travel far from Delhi
to Aurangabad for business purpose.
Because of his influential personality in the region, he was assassinated in 1814 by local Meo
community leaders at Sakras (Haryana
). According to Major P.W. Powlett (late settlement officer of Ulwar), in 1805, after the defeat of the Mahrattas, most of the parts of Mewat
including Tijara
, with other parganas, was conferred on the adopted son and distant relative of Pratap Singh Prabhakar of Alwar, Rao Raja Bakhtawar Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1791–1815), this led to much fighting with the Meos
for years, especially in 1229 AH / 1814 AD. Meo
population of the Mewat
was very rebellious in these years. They were large in number and hence attacked many other residents including many Saiyid families.
and Rajasthan
such as Khairthal
, Rewari
, Ferozepur Jhirka
, Bahadur Pur and Tijara
. Many of them held important offices at princely state
of Alwar and Jaipur
. His brother Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin, worked with him and was a equal business partner.
Syed Mohammad Ashraf was first married to Bibi Saleha daughter of Amiruddin (son of Moizuddin ibn Qazi Ghulam Murtaza) and maternal grand-daughter of Abu Turab, who died on Friday 13th Rajab
1205 AH/17 March 1790AD during the delivery of a daughter. Following is a Qat'a, a form of poetry in Persian, narrated on her death.
From Bibi Saleha, he had one son, Haji Mir Mohammad Zainuddin
, who during the reign of Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III, migrated to Nagpur
from Tijara
in 1818 as a noble man and became Faujdar
.
After the death of Bibi Saleha, Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf remarried with Karam Daulat, daughter of Aminuddin ibn Azimuddin ibn Mufti Saifuddin of Rewari
. Two children were born from the second marriage, a daughter, namely Bibi Gauhni (married to Hisamuddin ibn Shaikh Mahmood ibn Hafiz Hasan ibn Mohammad Wajihuddin brother Mohammad Raza of Rewari
) and a son namely Qazi Mir Imdad Ali
(a military officer at Nagpur).
Syed Mohammad Ashraf trained the arts of horse riding and horse breeding
to both his sons Mir Mohammad Zainuddin
and Qazi Mir Imdad Ali
and that is the reason, both rose to peak in their professional life.
), his family members migrated from Mashhad
(Iran
) to Sabzwar and then to India via Gardēz (Afghanistan
) during the reign of Sultan Shams-ud-din Iltutmish
(1211-1235). In India
, this family was acclaimed later on as Gardēzī Sadaat
and received many honorific titles from Mughal emperors.
According to Akhbarul Akhyar by Shaikh Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi
, the two brothers Mir Syed Shahabuddin and Mir Syed Shamsuddin Daod who belonged to Gardezi Sadaat
came to Delhi
during Iltutmish
times. The family of Mir Syed Shahabuddin was settled in Manikpur
while the family of Mir Syed Shamsuddin Daod stayed at the region of Mewat
. From the family of Manikpur, Raji Hamid Shah (caliph Shaikh Hisamuddin Manikpuri) was a famous scholar. The Lineal descendant
of both these brothers in Mewat and Manikpur are remembered as Gardezi Sadaat
. According to Tarikhul Aimma fi Zikr Khulafai Ummah by Mir Mahboob Ali, "some family members of Syed Shamsuddin Daod were settled in Sabzwar, and hence also known as Syed Sabzwari".
In relation to Gardez, Sultan Iltumish knew the family of Mir Syed Shamsuddin very well especially his father 'Mir Zainuddin' from Gardez. Sultan allowed to marry his sister with Mir Syed Shamsuddin. After the demise of his sister, his daughter got married with Mir Syed Shamsuddin. In this way, Mir Syed Shamsuddin enjoyed the royal courtship and remained with Sultan Iltumish. He had two sons Mir Imaduddin and Mir Azduddin. Mir Syed Shamsuddin died either during the reign of Nasir ud din Mahmud
or in the period of Ghiyas ud din Balban
. Because of close association with Sultan Iltumish, his family members were sent to jail during the reign of Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji
and then Alauddin Khilji
. When Alauddin Khilji killed his uncle Jalaluddin Khilji in 1295 AD/ 695 AH, many prisoners ran away from the jails and many were killed. In this mayhem and confusion, Mir Imaduddin with his nephew Burhanuddin ran away and fled Delhi
to Ranthambore with Muhammad Shah, a rebel general of Sultan Alauddin Khilji in 1299 AD. At that time, Hammir Dev Chauhan
was the king of Ranthambore Fort
. During the attack of Alauddin Khilji
in 701AH/1301AD, both Mir Imaduddin and Burhanuddin were martyred and buried near the gate of Ranthambore Fort
.
After Mir Imaduddin’s martyr, his family members including his son Syed Shamsuddin Sani (alias Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut) remained in Ranthambore for few more decades. According to Tarikh-i-Firuz_Shahi by Ziauddin Barani
, the families that belonged in the period of Sultan Iltutmish
and remained in the period of Ghiyas ud din Balban
were also from ancestors of Syed Chajju.
The history during and after Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut is not very distinguishable and traceable. According to Hakim Syed Karam Husain
, the family of Syed Chajju were later on bestowed with vast lands by many kings near the areas of Mewat
in return for their great services. Apart from Sakras (Mewat
), some members of Mir Imaduddin and Mir Burhanuddin were also settled in Gujarat and Deccan. From the Gujarat family, Qazi Mahmood (846 AH / 1442 AD - 925 AH / 1519 AD) got a reputation as scholar about whom Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi
(d.1642 c.e.) mentioned in his manuscript as a great 'Sufi Shaikh' of Gujarat. Qazi Mahmood lived a good life during the Sultanate period of Gujarat
at Ahmedabad
at the times of Sultan Shams-ud Din Muzaffar Shah II (son of Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I
). From Ahmedabad, he shifted to his native place 'Sarpore' (Gujarat) in 920 AH / 1514 AD where he lived till death.
The great grandson of Syed Shamsuddin Sani (alias Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut), Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad
(alias Qazi Dasondhi) was a prominent ulama
from Sakras (Haryana
) - a region of Mewat
. After his demise, his second son Qazi Syed Inayatullah
took over his family profession as qadi
. Qazi Syed Hayatullah
and Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
respectively were the son and grandson of Qazi Syed Inayatullah
, and were the great personalities of their times.
The father of Syed Mohammad Ashraf, Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi
was the son of Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
.
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
of Alwar during British India.
Biography
Qazi Syed (Saiyid) Mohammad Ashraf was one of the prominent men from the region of MewatMewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
. He was a ulama
Ulama
-In Islam:* Ulema, also transliterated "ulama", a community of legal scholars of Islam and its laws . See:**Nahdlatul Ulama **Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama **Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal**Jamiat ul-Ulama -Other:...
, faqih
Faqih
A Faqīh is an expert in fiqh, or, Islamic jurisprudence.A faqih is an expert in Islamic Law, and, as such, the word Faqih can literally be generally translated as Jurist.- The definition of Fiqh and its relation to the Faqih:...
and well versed in sharia
Sharia
Sharia law, is the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia is derived from two primary sources of Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Quran, and the example set by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah. Fiqh jurisprudence interprets and extends the application of sharia to...
law. He worked for Islamic dawah
Dawah
Da‘wah or Dawah usually denotes the preaching of Islam. Da‘wah literally means "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation", being the active participle of a verb meaning variously "to summon" or "to invite"...
and did tabligh the whole life. As qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
, he not only followed Islamic legal jurisprudence himself but also asked from others very strictly. At that time, qadi was not supposed to perform the marriage ceremonies only but also to look after all the administrative and managerial affairs of the city. In addition, he gave many judgments as Islamic lawyer.
He was also master in Horses in warfare
Horses in warfare
The first use of horses in warfare occurred over 5,000 years ago. The earliest evidence of horses ridden in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC. A Sumerian illustration of warfare from 2500 BC depicts some type of equine pulling wagons...
and horse breeding
Horse breeding
Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed. Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses...
which he carried out from his family stable
Stable
A stable is a building in which livestock, especially horses, are kept. It most commonly means a building that is divided into separate stalls for individual animals...
located at small town 'Sakras', District Gurgaon
Gurgaon
Gurgaon is the second largest city in the Indian state of Haryana. Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana. It is located 30 km south of national capital New Delhi, about 10 kilometers from Dwarka Sub City and 268 km south of Chandigarh, the state capital...
now a part of Ferozepur Jhirka
Ferozepur Jhirka
-History:Abu Mohammad along with Makhdoom Tahir made a big estate in Ferozepur Jhirka. Qazi Ghulam Mustafa, who was honoured By Bahadur Shah I belonged to this family. He was married to Bibi Rasti , the daughter of Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad...
, District Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
, (Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
). He used to travel far from Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
to Aurangabad for business purpose.
Because of his influential personality in the region, he was assassinated in 1814 by local Meo
Meo
Mayo or Meo or Mewati is a prominent Muslim Rajput tribe from North-Western India. A considerable number of Meos migrated to Pakistan after independence in 1947 and now they are estimated to be over 12 million. In Pakistan, Meos have lost their distinct group identity and cultural traditions and...
community leaders at Sakras (Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
). According to Major P.W. Powlett (late settlement officer of Ulwar), in 1805, after the defeat of the Mahrattas, most of the parts of Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
including Tijara
Tijara
Tijara is a city and a municipality in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Tijara is situated 48 km to the north east of Alwar, the nearest Railwau station is Khairthal. It was founded by Tajpala, Raja of Sarahata, 6 km from Tijara. A scion of Yadav family, he built palaces at...
, with other parganas, was conferred on the adopted son and distant relative of Pratap Singh Prabhakar of Alwar, Rao Raja Bakhtawar Singh Prabhakar Bahadur (1791–1815), this led to much fighting with the Meos
Meos
Meo or Meos may refer to:* Plural of "Meo", Muslim inhabitants of Mewat, a region in North-Western India.* MEOS , an alternate ethanol metabolic pathway.* Meo or Mèo is another name for Miao people....
for years, especially in 1229 AH / 1814 AD. Meo
Meo
Mayo or Meo or Mewati is a prominent Muslim Rajput tribe from North-Western India. A considerable number of Meos migrated to Pakistan after independence in 1947 and now they are estimated to be over 12 million. In Pakistan, Meos have lost their distinct group identity and cultural traditions and...
population of the Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
was very rebellious in these years. They were large in number and hence attacked many other residents including many Saiyid families.
Family and Legacy
Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf had many family relatives in several places of nearby states of HaryanaHaryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
and Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
such as Khairthal
Khairthal
Khairthal is a city and a municipality in Tehsil Kishangarh Bas Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan.It is at the northern end of Aravali ranges.It is has a major industrial importance in Rajasthan because of its connectivity with National capital Delhi.-Demographics: India census,...
, Rewari
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around from Delhi and from Gurgaon.- Etymology :...
, Ferozepur Jhirka
Ferozepur Jhirka
-History:Abu Mohammad along with Makhdoom Tahir made a big estate in Ferozepur Jhirka. Qazi Ghulam Mustafa, who was honoured By Bahadur Shah I belonged to this family. He was married to Bibi Rasti , the daughter of Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad...
, Bahadur Pur and Tijara
Tijara
Tijara is a city and a municipality in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Tijara is situated 48 km to the north east of Alwar, the nearest Railwau station is Khairthal. It was founded by Tajpala, Raja of Sarahata, 6 km from Tijara. A scion of Yadav family, he built palaces at...
. Many of them held important offices at princely state
Princely state
A Princely State was a nominally sovereign entitity of British rule in India that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule such as suzerainty or paramountcy.-British relationship with the Princely States:India under the British Raj ...
of Alwar and Jaipur
Jaipur
Jaipur , also popularly known as the Pink City, is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. Founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the ruler of Amber, the city today has a population of more than 3.1 million....
. His brother Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin, worked with him and was a equal business partner.
Syed Mohammad Ashraf was first married to Bibi Saleha daughter of Amiruddin (son of Moizuddin ibn Qazi Ghulam Murtaza) and maternal grand-daughter of Abu Turab, who died on Friday 13th Rajab
Rajab
Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition of Rajaba is "to respect", of which Rajab is a derivative.This month is regarded as one of the four sacred months in Islam in which battles are prohibited...
1205 AH/17 March 1790AD during the delivery of a daughter. Following is a Qat'a, a form of poetry in Persian, narrated on her death.
From Bibi Saleha, he had one son, Haji Mir Mohammad Zainuddin
Mohammad Zainuddin
Haji Mir Mohammad Zainuddin was Faujdar during Bhonsle Dynasty at Nagpur.-Biography:Haji Mohammad Zainuddin during the reign of Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III, migrated to Nagpur from Tijara in 1818 as a noble man. At that time, Nagpur was the princely state...
, who during the reign of Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III, migrated to Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
from Tijara
Tijara
Tijara is a city and a municipality in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Tijara is situated 48 km to the north east of Alwar, the nearest Railwau station is Khairthal. It was founded by Tajpala, Raja of Sarahata, 6 km from Tijara. A scion of Yadav family, he built palaces at...
in 1818 as a noble man and became Faujdar
Faujdar
Faujdar/Fouzder/Fouzdar/Foujdar was a title awarded by Muslim rulers to people who had responsibility of protecting some territory.In pre-Mughal times, the term referred to a military officer but did not refer to a specific rank. With the administrative reforms performed by Mughal emperor Akbar,...
.
After the death of Bibi Saleha, Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf remarried with Karam Daulat, daughter of Aminuddin ibn Azimuddin ibn Mufti Saifuddin of Rewari
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around from Delhi and from Gurgaon.- Etymology :...
. Two children were born from the second marriage, a daughter, namely Bibi Gauhni (married to Hisamuddin ibn Shaikh Mahmood ibn Hafiz Hasan ibn Mohammad Wajihuddin brother Mohammad Raza of Rewari
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around from Delhi and from Gurgaon.- Etymology :...
) and a son namely Qazi Mir Imdad Ali
Qazi Mir Imdad Ali
Qazi Mir Imdad Ali was Military officer during Bhonsle Dynasty in 1835 at Nagpur.-Biography:Mir Imdad Ali was an inherited Qazi by profession from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He was merely 5 years when his father Syed Mohammad Ashraf was assassinated in 1814 by Meo Community at Sakras...
(a military officer at Nagpur).
Syed Mohammad Ashraf trained the arts of horse riding and horse breeding
Horse breeding
Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed. Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses...
to both his sons Mir Mohammad Zainuddin
Mohammad Zainuddin
Haji Mir Mohammad Zainuddin was Faujdar during Bhonsle Dynasty at Nagpur.-Biography:Haji Mohammad Zainuddin during the reign of Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III, migrated to Nagpur from Tijara in 1818 as a noble man. At that time, Nagpur was the princely state...
and Qazi Mir Imdad Ali
Qazi Mir Imdad Ali
Qazi Mir Imdad Ali was Military officer during Bhonsle Dynasty in 1835 at Nagpur.-Biography:Mir Imdad Ali was an inherited Qazi by profession from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He was merely 5 years when his father Syed Mohammad Ashraf was assassinated in 1814 by Meo Community at Sakras...
and that is the reason, both rose to peak in their professional life.
Family History
After the Changez khan’s massacre in Iran (Destruction under the Mongol EmpireDestruction under the Mongol Empire
Destruction under the Mongol Empire refers to widespread loss of life and devastation caused by the Mongolian conquests of the 13th century.Mongol raids and invasions were generally regarded as some of the deadliest in human history...
), his family members migrated from Mashhad
Mashhad
Mashhad , is the second largest city in Iran and one of the holiest cities in the Shia Muslim world. It is also the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It is located east of Tehran, at the center of the Razavi Khorasan Province close to the borders of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. Its...
(Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
) to Sabzwar and then to India via Gardēz (Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
) during the reign of Sultan Shams-ud-din Iltutmish
Iltutmish
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi of Turkic origin. He was a slave of Qutub-ud-din-Aybak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-din's successor Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the...
(1211-1235). In India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, this family was acclaimed later on as Gardēzī Sadaat
Gardēzī Sadaat
Gardēzī Sadaat is a Sadaat Muslim family of Sayyid from Gardez ; consequently known as ‘Gardēzī Sadaat’ in Indian subcontinent.- Origin :...
and received many honorific titles from Mughal emperors.
According to Akhbarul Akhyar by Shaikh Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi
Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi
Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlawi or Al Muhaddith Shaykh Abdul Haqq Dehlavi was an Islamic scholar.-Biography:He was born in 1551 in Delhi, hence the suffix Dehlavi to his name...
, the two brothers Mir Syed Shahabuddin and Mir Syed Shamsuddin Daod who belonged to Gardezi Sadaat
Gardēzī Sadaat
Gardēzī Sadaat is a Sadaat Muslim family of Sayyid from Gardez ; consequently known as ‘Gardēzī Sadaat’ in Indian subcontinent.- Origin :...
came to Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
during Iltutmish
Iltutmish
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi of Turkic origin. He was a slave of Qutub-ud-din-Aybak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-din's successor Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the...
times. The family of Mir Syed Shahabuddin was settled in Manikpur
Manikpur
Manikpur is a census town under Sankrail police station in Sadar subdivision of Howrah district in the Indian state of West Bengal.-Demographics: India census, Manikpur had a population of 19,125. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%...
while the family of Mir Syed Shamsuddin Daod stayed at the region of Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
. From the family of Manikpur, Raji Hamid Shah (caliph Shaikh Hisamuddin Manikpuri) was a famous scholar. The Lineal descendant
Lineal descendant
A lineal descendant, in legal usage, refers to a blood relative in the direct line of descent. The children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, etc...
of both these brothers in Mewat and Manikpur are remembered as Gardezi Sadaat
Gardēzī Sadaat
Gardēzī Sadaat is a Sadaat Muslim family of Sayyid from Gardez ; consequently known as ‘Gardēzī Sadaat’ in Indian subcontinent.- Origin :...
. According to Tarikhul Aimma fi Zikr Khulafai Ummah by Mir Mahboob Ali, "some family members of Syed Shamsuddin Daod were settled in Sabzwar, and hence also known as Syed Sabzwari".
In relation to Gardez, Sultan Iltumish knew the family of Mir Syed Shamsuddin very well especially his father 'Mir Zainuddin' from Gardez. Sultan allowed to marry his sister with Mir Syed Shamsuddin. After the demise of his sister, his daughter got married with Mir Syed Shamsuddin. In this way, Mir Syed Shamsuddin enjoyed the royal courtship and remained with Sultan Iltumish. He had two sons Mir Imaduddin and Mir Azduddin. Mir Syed Shamsuddin died either during the reign of Nasir ud din Mahmud
Nasir ud din Mahmud
Nasir ud din Mahmud, Nasir ud din Firuz Shah was the eighth sultan of the Mamluk Sultanate . He was the youngest son of Shams ud din Iltutmish , and he succeeded Ala ud din Masud after the chiefs replaced Masud when they felt that he began to behave as a tyrant.As a ruler, Mahmud was known to be...
or in the period of Ghiyas ud din Balban
Ghiyas ud din Balban
Ghiyasuddin Balban was ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty who ruled from 1266 to 1287.-Biography:He was son of a Central Asian Turkic noble of the Ilbari tribe, but as a child he was captured by Mongols and sold as a slave at Ghazni...
. Because of close association with Sultan Iltumish, his family members were sent to jail during the reign of Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji
Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji
Jalaluddin Firuz Khilji was the first sultan of the Khilji dynasty, who reigned from 1290 to 1296. He built his capital at Kilughari, a few miles from the city of Delhi and completed the unfinished palace and gardens of Sultan Qaiqabad.) He ruled from there for six years.-Early life and...
and then Alauddin Khilji
Alauddin Khilji
Ali Gurshap Khan better known by his titular name as Sultan Ala-ud-din Khilji was the second ruler of the Turko-Afghan Khilji dynasty in India.He was a well and capable ruler. He belonged to the Afghanized Turkic tribe of the Khiljis...
. When Alauddin Khilji killed his uncle Jalaluddin Khilji in 1295 AD/ 695 AH, many prisoners ran away from the jails and many were killed. In this mayhem and confusion, Mir Imaduddin with his nephew Burhanuddin ran away and fled Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
to Ranthambore with Muhammad Shah, a rebel general of Sultan Alauddin Khilji in 1299 AD. At that time, Hammir Dev Chauhan
Hammir Dev Chauhan
Hammir Dev Chauhan was a direct descendant of Prithviraj Chauhan. He was an Agnivanshi Rajput. Hammir ruled over Ranathambore from 1282-1301. Hammir's grandfather Vagbhatta ruled from 1237–1253 and Hammir's father Jaitrasinha ruled from 1253-1281 AD....
was the king of Ranthambore Fort
Ranthambore Fort
Ranthambore Fort is a formidable fort and has been a focal point of historical developments of Rajasthan. It is situated near Sawai Madhopur town in Rajasthan....
. During the attack of Alauddin Khilji
Alauddin Khilji
Ali Gurshap Khan better known by his titular name as Sultan Ala-ud-din Khilji was the second ruler of the Turko-Afghan Khilji dynasty in India.He was a well and capable ruler. He belonged to the Afghanized Turkic tribe of the Khiljis...
in 701AH/1301AD, both Mir Imaduddin and Burhanuddin were martyred and buried near the gate of Ranthambore Fort
Ranthambore Fort
Ranthambore Fort is a formidable fort and has been a focal point of historical developments of Rajasthan. It is situated near Sawai Madhopur town in Rajasthan....
.
After Mir Imaduddin’s martyr, his family members including his son Syed Shamsuddin Sani (alias Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut) remained in Ranthambore for few more decades. According to Tarikh-i-Firuz_Shahi by Ziauddin Barani
Ziauddin Barani
Ziauddin Barani was a Muslim historian and political thinker who lived in India during Muhammad bin Tughlaq and Firuz Shah's reign. He was best known for composing the Tarikh-i-Firuz Shahi, a major historical work on medieval India, which covers the period from the reign of Ghiyas ud din Balban to...
, the families that belonged in the period of Sultan Iltutmish
Iltutmish
Shams-ud-din Iltutmish was the third ruler of the Mamluk dynasty of Delhi of Turkic origin. He was a slave of Qutub-ud-din-Aybak and later became his son-in-law and close lieutenant. He was the Governor of Badaun when he deposed Qutub-ud-din's successor Aram Shah and acceeded to the throne of the...
and remained in the period of Ghiyas ud din Balban
Ghiyas ud din Balban
Ghiyasuddin Balban was ninth sultan of the Mamluk dynasty who ruled from 1266 to 1287.-Biography:He was son of a Central Asian Turkic noble of the Ilbari tribe, but as a child he was captured by Mongols and sold as a slave at Ghazni...
were also from ancestors of Syed Chajju.
The history during and after Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut is not very distinguishable and traceable. According to Hakim Syed Karam Husain
Hakim Syed Karam Husain
Hakim Syed Muhammad Karam Hussain was a prominent Unani practitioner from Tijara, Alwar.-Education:After initial education from his hometown ‘Tijara’, he moved to Meerut at the age of 14 years. In Meerut, he took expertise, knowledge and proficiency on ‘Unani Tibb’ from two leading practitioners...
, the family of Syed Chajju were later on bestowed with vast lands by many kings near the areas of Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
in return for their great services. Apart from Sakras (Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
), some members of Mir Imaduddin and Mir Burhanuddin were also settled in Gujarat and Deccan. From the Gujarat family, Qazi Mahmood (846 AH / 1442 AD - 925 AH / 1519 AD) got a reputation as scholar about whom Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi
Abdul-Haqq Dehlavi
Sheikh Abdul Haq Muhaddith Dehlawi or Al Muhaddith Shaykh Abdul Haqq Dehlavi was an Islamic scholar.-Biography:He was born in 1551 in Delhi, hence the suffix Dehlavi to his name...
(d.1642 c.e.) mentioned in his manuscript as a great 'Sufi Shaikh' of Gujarat. Qazi Mahmood lived a good life during the Sultanate period of Gujarat
Gujarat Sultanate
The Gujarat Sultanate was an independent kingdom established in the early 15th century in Gujarat. The founder of the ruling Muzaffarid dynasty, Zafar Khan was appointed as governor of Gujarat by Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad bin Tughluq IV in 1391, the ruler of the principal state in north India at the...
at Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad
Ahmedabad also known as Karnavati is the largest city in Gujarat, India. It is the former capital of Gujarat and is also the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court has its seat in Ahmedabad...
at the times of Sultan Shams-ud Din Muzaffar Shah II (son of Sultan Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I
Mahmud Begada
Sultan Abu'l Fath Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I, popularly known as Mahmud Begada was the most prominent sultan of Gujarat. He was the great-grandson of Ahmad Shah I, the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty, and of the city of Ahmedabad in the present-day state of Gujarat, India. He was known to be...
). From Ahmedabad, he shifted to his native place 'Sarpore' (Gujarat) in 920 AH / 1514 AD where he lived till death.
The great grandson of Syed Shamsuddin Sani (alias Syed Chajju Jagat Jaut), Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad
Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad
Qazi Syed Rafi Mohammad was a scholar of repute from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.-Biography:...
(alias Qazi Dasondhi) was a prominent ulama
Ulama
-In Islam:* Ulema, also transliterated "ulama", a community of legal scholars of Islam and its laws . See:**Nahdlatul Ulama **Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama **Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal**Jamiat ul-Ulama -Other:...
from Sakras (Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
) - a region of Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
. After his demise, his second son Qazi Syed Inayatullah
Qazi Syed Inayatullah
Qazi Syed Inayatullah was a scholar of Fiqh from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.-Biography:...
took over his family profession as qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
. Qazi Syed Hayatullah
Qazi Syed Hayatullah
Qazi Syed Hayatullah was a Muslim scholar of Fiqh from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.-Biography:...
and Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman was a judge edicted in accordance with the laws of sharia from Sakras, now in District Gurgaon, Haryana.-Biography:...
respectively were the son and grandson of Qazi Syed Inayatullah
Qazi Syed Inayatullah
Qazi Syed Inayatullah was a scholar of Fiqh from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.-Biography:...
, and were the great personalities of their times.
The father of Syed Mohammad Ashraf, Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi
Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi
Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi was a famous, religious scholar from Mewat during British India. He had influence in every sphere of life in the nearby areas of Mewat...
was the son of Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman was a judge edicted in accordance with the laws of sharia from Sakras, now in District Gurgaon, Haryana.-Biography:...
.
See also
- Tabligh Movement in MewatTabligh Movement in MewatTabligh is an Arabic word which means, “to deliver ” and in other words “to make Islam’s message known to people” and Tabligh Jamaat is a Muslim missionary and revival movement. It claims to revive those duties, which they consider as the primary duty of the Muslims...
- Qazi Mir Imdad AliQazi Mir Imdad AliQazi Mir Imdad Ali was Military officer during Bhonsle Dynasty in 1835 at Nagpur.-Biography:Mir Imdad Ali was an inherited Qazi by profession from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He was merely 5 years when his father Syed Mohammad Ashraf was assassinated in 1814 by Meo Community at Sakras...
- Hakim Syed Karam HusainHakim Syed Karam HusainHakim Syed Muhammad Karam Hussain was a prominent Unani practitioner from Tijara, Alwar.-Education:After initial education from his hometown ‘Tijara’, he moved to Meerut at the age of 14 years. In Meerut, he took expertise, knowledge and proficiency on ‘Unani Tibb’ from two leading practitioners...
- Hakim Syed Fazlur RahmanHakim Syed Fazlur RahmanHakim Syed Fazlur Rahman was a noted Unani physician from Tijara and Bhopal.-Brief biography:Syed Fazlur Rahman belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat. Being ‘Hakim’ by profession, he also had deep interest in mysticism and Sufism...
- Hakim Syed Zillur RahmanHakim Syed Zillur RahmanHakim Syed Zillur Rahman , is well known for his contribution to Unani medicine. He founded Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences in 2000...
- Syed Ziaur RahmanSyed Ziaur RahmanDr Syed Ziaur Rahman is a faculty member in the discipline of Pharmacology and Chair of the Advisory Council , International Association of Medical Colleges.-Biography:...