Synchrotron Radiation Source
Encyclopedia
The Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) at the Daresbury Laboratory
in Cheshire
, England was the first second-generation synchrotron radiation
source to produce X-rays. The research facility provided synchrotron radiation to a large number (at one point 38) experimental stations and had an operating cost of approximately £20 million per annum.
SRS had been operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council
. The SRS was closed in August 2008 after 28 years of operation, and is presently being decommissioned, with no major plans for the re-use of the existing building.
synchrotron, construction of the facility commenced in 1975 and the first experiments were completed using the facility by 1981. In 1986 the storage was upgraded with additional focusing to increase the output brightness, the new 'lattice' being termed the HBL (High Brightness Lattice). Dr. John Walker
won the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on ATPase
, for which he carried out studies on one of the SRS beamlines.
magnets, but the initial design foresaw the use of a high-field insertion device
to provide shorter-wavelength electromagnetic radiation to particular users. The first storage ring design was a 2 GeV
FODO lattice
with one quadrupole
per dipole (i.e. two dipoles per repeating cell), giving a natural emittance of around 1000 nm-rad with 16 cells. The HBL upgrade implemented in 1986 increased the total number of quadrupoles to 32, whilst retaining the same number of cells and geometry, and reduced the operating emittance to around 100 nm-rad in the so-called 'HIQ' (high tune) configuration. A 'LOQ' (low tune) configuration was also provided, to allow the efficient storage of one intense bunch of electrons (instead of up to 160), to provide radiation bursts at 3.123 MHz (the revolution frequency of the electrons, corresponding to the 96 m circumference).
Daresbury Laboratory
Daresbury Laboratory is a scientific research laboratory near Daresbury in Cheshire, England, which began operations in 1962 and was officially opened on 16 June 1967 as the Daresbury Nuclear Physics Laboratory by the then Prime Minister of United Kingdom, Harold Wilson...
in Cheshire
Cheshire
Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow...
, England was the first second-generation synchrotron radiation
Synchrotron radiation
The electromagnetic radiation emitted when charged particles are accelerated radially is called synchrotron radiation. It is produced in synchrotrons using bending magnets, undulators and/or wigglers...
source to produce X-rays. The research facility provided synchrotron radiation to a large number (at one point 38) experimental stations and had an operating cost of approximately £20 million per annum.
SRS had been operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council
Science and Technology Facilities Council
The Science and Technology Facilities Council is a UK government body that carries out civil research in science and engineering, and funds UK research in areas including particle physics, nuclear physics, space science and astronomy .-History:It was formed in April 2007 as a merger of the Particle...
. The SRS was closed in August 2008 after 28 years of operation, and is presently being decommissioned, with no major plans for the re-use of the existing building.
History
Following the closure of the NINANINA (accelerator)
-Introduction:Given government UK approval in 1962, NINA was a 70.19m, 4 GeV electron Synchrotron built in 1964 at the Daresbury Laboratory site in Cheshire, England to study particle physics...
synchrotron, construction of the facility commenced in 1975 and the first experiments were completed using the facility by 1981. In 1986 the storage was upgraded with additional focusing to increase the output brightness, the new 'lattice' being termed the HBL (High Brightness Lattice). Dr. John Walker
John E. Walker
Professor Sir John Ernest Walker is an English chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1997. He is currently the director of the MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit in Cambridge, and a Fellow of Sidney Sussex College.He was born in Halifax, Yorkshire, the son of Thomas Ernest Walker, a...
won the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on ATPase
ATPase
ATPases are a class of enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of adenosine triphosphate into adenosine diphosphate and a free phosphate ion. This dephosphorylation reaction releases energy, which the enzyme harnesses to drive other chemical reactions that would not otherwise occur...
, for which he carried out studies on one of the SRS beamlines.
Design and evolution
Like all 2nd-generation sources, the SRS was designed to produce synchrotron radiation principally from its dipoleDipole
In physics, there are several kinds of dipoles:*An electric dipole is a separation of positive and negative charges. The simplest example of this is a pair of electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign, separated by some distance. A permanent electric dipole is called an electret.*A...
magnets, but the initial design foresaw the use of a high-field insertion device
Insertion device
An insertion device is a component in modern synchrotron light sources. They are periodic magnetic structures that stimulate highly brilliant, forward-directed synchrotron radiation emission by forcing a stored charged particle beam to perform wiggles, or undulations, as they pass through the device...
to provide shorter-wavelength electromagnetic radiation to particular users. The first storage ring design was a 2 GeV
GEV
GEV or GeV may stand for:*GeV or gigaelectronvolt, a unit of energy equal to billion electron volts*GEV or Grid Enabled Vehicle that is fully or partially powered by the electric grid, see plug-in electric vehicle...
FODO lattice
Lattice
Lattice may refer to:In art and design:* Latticework an ornamental criss-crossed framework, an arrangement of crossing laths or other thin strips of material* Lattice In engineering:* A lattice shape truss structure...
with one quadrupole
Quadrupole
A quadrupole or quadrapole is one of a sequence of configurations of—for example—electric charge or current, or gravitational mass that can exist in ideal form, but it is usually just part of a multipole expansion of a more complex structure reflecting various orders of complexity.-Mathematical...
per dipole (i.e. two dipoles per repeating cell), giving a natural emittance of around 1000 nm-rad with 16 cells. The HBL upgrade implemented in 1986 increased the total number of quadrupoles to 32, whilst retaining the same number of cells and geometry, and reduced the operating emittance to around 100 nm-rad in the so-called 'HIQ' (high tune) configuration. A 'LOQ' (low tune) configuration was also provided, to allow the efficient storage of one intense bunch of electrons (instead of up to 160), to provide radiation bursts at 3.123 MHz (the revolution frequency of the electrons, corresponding to the 96 m circumference).