ATPases are a class of enzyme

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

s that catalyze

Catalysis

Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....

 the decomposition

Decomposition

Decomposition is the process by which organic material is broken down into simpler forms of matter. The process is essential for recycling the finite matter that occupies physical space in the biome. Bodies of living organisms begin to decompose shortly after death...

 of adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine-5'-triphosphate is a multifunctional nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme. It is often called the "molecular unit of currency" of intracellular energy transfer. ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism...

 (ATP) into adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine....

 (ADP) and a free phosphate

Phosphate

A phosphate, an inorganic chemical, is a salt of phosphoric acid. In organic chemistry, a phosphate, or organophosphate, is an ester of phosphoric acid. Organic phosphates are important in biochemistry and biogeochemistry or ecology. Inorganic phosphates are mined to obtain phosphorus for use in...

 ion

Ion

An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name was given by physicist Michael Faraday for the substances that allow a current to pass between electrodes in a...

. This dephosphorylation

Dephosphorylation

Dephosphorylation is the essential process of removing phosphate groups from an organic compound by hydrolysis. Its opposite is phosphorylation...

 reaction releases energy

Energy

In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...

, which the enzyme (in most cases) harnesses to drive other chemical reaction

Chemical reaction

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...

s that would not otherwise occur. This process is widely used in all known forms of life

Life

Life is a characteristic that distinguishes objects that have signaling and self-sustaining processes from those that do not, either because such functions have ceased , or else because they lack such functions and are classified as inanimate...

.

Some such enzymes are integral membrane protein

Integral membrane protein

An integral membrane protein is a protein molecule that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by "annular" lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein...

s (anchored within biological membrane

Biological membrane

A biological membrane or biomembrane is an enclosing or separatingmembrane that acts as a selective barrier, within or around a cell. It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that may constitute close to 50% of membrane content...

s), and move solutes

Solution

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of only one phase. In such a mixture, a solute is dissolved in another substance, known as a solvent. The solvent does the dissolving.- Types of solutions :...

 across the membrane, typically against their concentration gradient. These are called transmembrane ATPases.

Functions

Transmembrane ATPases import many of the metabolites necessary for cell

Cell (biology)

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos....

 metabolism

Metabolism

Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories...

 and export toxins, wastes, and solutes that can hinder cellular processes. An important example is the sodium-potassium exchanger (or Na⁺/K⁺ATPase), which establishes the ionic concentration balance that maintains the cell potential. Another example is the hydrogen potassium ATPase

Hydrogen potassium ATPase

Gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase is also known as H+/K+ ATPase- Function and location :The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H+/K+ ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach and, as such, is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents...

 (H⁺/K⁺ATPase or gastric proton pump) that acidifies the contents of the stomach.

Besides exchangers, other categories of transmembrane ATPase include co-transport

Co-transport

Co-transport, also known as coupled transport or secondary active transport, refers to the simultaneous or sequential passive transfer of molecules or ions across biological membranes in a fixed ratio...

ers and pumps (however, some exchangers are also pumps). Some of these, like the Na⁺/K⁺ATPase, cause a net flow of charge, but others do not. These are called "electrogenic" and "nonelectrogenic" transporters, respectively.

Mechanism

The coupling between ATP hydrolysis and transport is more or less a strict chemical reaction, in which a fixed number of solute molecules are transported for each ATP molecule that is hydrolyzed; for example, 3 Na⁺ ions out of the cell and 2 K⁺ ions inward per ATP hydrolyzed, for the Na⁺/K⁺ exchanger.

Transmembrane ATPases harness the chemical potential energy of ATP, because they perform mechanical work

Mechanical work

In physics, work is a scalar quantity that can be described as the product of a force times the distance through which it acts, and it is called the work of the force. Only the component of a force in the direction of the movement of its point of application does work...

: they transport solutes in a direction opposite to their thermodynamically preferred direction of movement—that is, from the side of the membrane where they are in low concentration to the side where they are in high concentration. This process is considered active transport

Active transport

Active transport is the movement of a substance against its concentration gradient . In all cells, this is usually concerned with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the cell needs, such as ions, glucose, and amino acids. If the process uses chemical energy, such as from adenosine...

.

For example, the blocking of the vesicular H⁺-ATPAses would increase the pH inside vesicles and decrease the pH of the cytoplasm.

Transmembrane ATP synthases

The ATP synthase

ATP synthase

right|thumb|300px|Molecular model of ATP synthase by X-ray diffraction methodATP synthase is an important enzyme that provides energy for the cell to use through the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate . ATP is the most commonly used "energy currency" of cells from most organisms...

 of mitochondria and chloroplast

Chloroplast

Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis.Chloroplasts are green...

s is an anabolic

Anabolism

Anabolism is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units. These reactions require energy. One way of categorizing metabolic processes, whether at the cellular, organ or organism level is as 'anabolic' or as 'catabolic', which is the opposite...

 enzyme that harnesses the energy of a transmembrane proton

Proton

The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number....

 gradient as an energy source for adding an inorganic phosphate group to a molecule of adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate

Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine....

 (ADP) to form a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

This enzyme works when a proton moves down the concentration gradient, giving the enzyme a spinning motion. This unique spinning motion bonds ADP and P together to create ATP.

ATP synthase can also function in reverse, that is, use energy released by ATP hydrolysis to pump protons against their thermodynamic gradient.

Classification

There are different types of ATPases, which can differ in function (ATP synthesis and/or hydrolysis), structure (F-, V- and A-ATPases contain rotary motors) and in the type of ions they transport.

• F-ATPase
  F-ATPase
  F-ATPase, also known as F-Type ATPase , is an ATPase found in bacterial plasma membranes, in mitochondrial inner membranes, and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes...
  
  s (F1FO-ATPases) in mitochondria, chloroplast
  Chloroplast
  Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis. Chloroplasts capture light energy to conserve free energy in the form of ATP and reduce NADP to NADPH through a complex set of processes called photosynthesis.Chloroplasts are green...
  
  s and bacteria
  Bacteria
  Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
  
  l plasma membranes are the prime producers of ATP, using the proton gradient generated by oxidative phosphorylation
  Oxidative phosphorylation
  Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate . Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP,...
  
   (mitochondria) or photosynthesis
  Photosynthesis
  Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and many species of bacteria, but not in archaea. Photosynthetic organisms are called photoautotrophs, since they can...
  
   (chloroplasts).
• V-ATPase
  V-ATPase
  Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase is a highly conserved evolutionarily ancient enzyme with remarkably diverse functions in eukaryotic organisms. V-ATPases acidify a wide array of intracellular organelles and pump protons across the plasma membranes of numerous cell types...
  
  s (V1VO-ATPases) are primarily found in eukaryotic vacuoles, catalysing ATP hydrolysis to transport solutes and lower pH in organelles.
• A-ATPases (A1AO-ATPases) are found in Archaea
  Archaea
  The Archaea are a group of single-celled microorganisms. A single individual or species from this domain is called an archaeon...
  
   and function like F-ATPases.
• P-ATPases (E1E2-ATPases) are found in bacteria, fungi and in eukaryotic plasma membranes and organelles, and function to transport a variety of different ions across membranes.
• E-ATPases are cell-surface enzyme
  Enzyme
  Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
  
  s that hydrolyse a range of NTPs, including extracellular ATP.

P-ATPase

P-ATPases (sometime known as E1-E2 ATPases) are found in bacteria and in a number of eukaryotic plasma membranes and organelles. P-ATPases function to transport a variety of different compounds, including ions and phospholipids, across a membrane using ATP hydrolysis for energy. There are many different classes of P-ATPases, each of which transports a specific type of ion: H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺

Calcium ATPase

Calcium ATPase is a form of P-ATPase that transfers calcium after a muscle has contracted. The calcium ATPase are:*Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase *Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase - Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase :...

, Ag⁺ and Ag²⁺, Zn²⁺, Co²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu⁺ and Cu²⁺. P-ATPases can be composed of one or two polypeptides, and can usually assume two main conformations called E1 and E2.

Human genes

(See Human ATPase)

• Na⁺/K⁺ transporting
  Na+/K+-ATPase
  Na+/K+-ATPase is an enzyme located in the plasma membrane in all animals.- Sodium-potassium pumps :Active transport is responsible for cells containing relatively high...
  
  : ATP1A1, ATP1A2
  ATP1A2
  ATPase, Na+/K+ transporting, alpha 2 polypeptide, also known as ATP1A2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ATP1A2 gene.- Function :...
  
  , ATP1A3
  ATP1A3
  Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A3 gene.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of Na+/K+-ATPases...
  
  , ATP1A4
  ATP1A4
  Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1A4 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP1B1
  ATP1B1
  Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1B1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP1B2, ATP1B3
  ATP1B3
  Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP1B3 gene. ATP1B3 has also been designated as CD298 .-External links:...
  
  , ATP1B4
• Ca⁺⁺ transporting
  Calcium ATPase
  Calcium ATPase is a form of P-ATPase that transfers calcium after a muscle has contracted. The calcium ATPase are:*Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase *Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase - Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase :...
  
  : ATP2A1
  ATP2A1
  Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2A1 gene.-Interactions:ATP2A1 has been shown to interact with PLN and SLN.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP2A2
  ATP2A2
  ATP2A2 is an ATPase associated with Darier's disease and Acrokeratosis verruciformis.This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca-ATPases, which are intracellular pumps located in the sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticula of muscle cells...
  
  , ATP2A3
  ATP2A3
  Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2A3 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP2B1
  ATP2B1
  Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2B1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP2B2
  ATP2B2
  Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2B2 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP2B3
  ATP2B3
  Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2B3 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP2B4
  ATP2B4
  Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2B4 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP2C1
  ATP2C1
  Calcium-transporting ATPase type 2C member 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2C1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  
• Mg⁺⁺ transporting: ATP3
• H⁺/K⁺ exchanging
  Hydrogen potassium ATPase
  Gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase is also known as H+/K+ ATPase- Function and location :The gastric hydrogen potassium ATPase or H+/K+ ATPase is the proton pump of the stomach and, as such, is the enzyme primarily responsible for the acidification of the stomach contents...
  
  : ATP4A, ATP4B
• H⁺ transporting, mitochondrial: ATP5A1
  ATP5A1
  ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5A1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5B
  ATP5B
  ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5B gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5C1
  ATP5C1
  ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5C1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5C2, ATP5D
  ATP5D
  ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5D gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5E
  ATP5E
  The epsilon subunit is located in the stalk region of the F1 complex, and acts as an inhibitor of the ATPase catalytic core. The epsilon subunit can assume two conformations, contracted and extended, where the latter inhibits ATP hydrolysis. The conformation of the epsilon subunit is determined by...
  
  , ATP5F1
  ATP5F1
  The B subunits are part of the peripheral stalk that links the F1 and FO complexes together, and which acts as a stator to prevent certain subunits from rotating with the central rotary element. The peripheral stalk differs in subunit composition between mitochondrial, chloroplast and bacterial...
  
  , ATP5G1
  ATP5G1
  ATP synthase lipid-binding protein, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5G1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5G2
  ATP5G2
  ATP synthase lipid-binding protein, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5G2 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5G3
  ATP5G3
  ATP synthase lipid-binding protein, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5G3 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5H
  ATP5H
  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5H gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5I
  ATP5I
  In yeast, the FO complex E subunit appears to play an important role in supporting F-ATPase dimerisation. This subunit is anchored to the inner mitochondrial membrane via its N-terminal region, which is involved in stabilising subunits G and K of the FO complex...
  
  , ATP5J
  ATP5J
  The F6 subunit is part of the peripheral stalk that links the F1 and FO complexes together, and which acts as a stator to prevent certain subunits from rotating with the central rotary element. The peripheral stalk differs in subunit composition between mitochondrial, chloroplast and bacterial...
  
  , ATP5J2
  ATP5J2
  The ATP5J2 gene encodes the ATP synthase subunit f, mitochondrial enzyme in humans.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5L
  ATP5L
  The function of subunit G is currently unknown. There is no counterpart in chloroplast or bacterial F-ATPases identified so far.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5L2, ATP5O
  ATP5O
  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5O gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP5S
  ATP5S
  ATP synthase subunit s, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5S gene.-Further reading:...
  
  
• H⁺ transporting, lysosomal
  V-ATPase
  Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase is a highly conserved evolutionarily ancient enzyme with remarkably diverse functions in eukaryotic organisms. V-ATPases acidify a wide array of intracellular organelles and pump protons across the plasma membranes of numerous cell types...
  
  : ATP6AP1
  ATP6AP1
  V-type proton ATPase subunit S1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6AP1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6AP2
  ATP6AP2
  The renin receptor also known as ATPase H-transporting lysosomal accessory protein 2, or the prorenin receptor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATP6AP2 gene.- Function :The renin receptor binds renin and prorenin...
  
  , ATP6V1A
  ATP6V1A
  V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1A gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1B1
  ATP6V1B1
  V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1B1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1B2
  ATP6V1B2
  V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1B2 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1C1
  ATP6V1C1
  V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1C1 gene.This gene encodes a component of vacuolar ATPase , a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of intracellular compartments of eukaryotic cells...
  
  , ATP6V1C2
  ATP6V1C2
  V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1C2 gene.-References:...
  
  , ATP6V1D
  ATP6V1D
  V-type proton ATPase subunit D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1D gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1E1
  ATP6V1E1
  V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1E1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1E2
  ATP6V1E2
  V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1E2 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1F
  ATP6V1F
  Subunit F is a 16 kDa protein that is required for the assembly and activity of V-ATPase, and has a potential role in the differential targeting and regulation of the enzyme for specific organelles. This subunit is not necessary for the rotation of the ATPase V1 rotor, but it does promote...
  
  , ATP6V1G1
  ATP6V1G1
  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1G1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1G2
  ATP6V1G2
  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1G2 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1G3
  ATP6V1G3
  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1G3 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V1H
  ATP6V1H
  V-type proton ATPase subunit H is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V1H gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V0A1
  ATP6V0A1
  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0A1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V0A2
  ATP6V0A2
  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 2 also known as V-ATPase 116 kDa isoform a2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0A2 gene.- Function :...
  
  , ATP6V0A4
  ATP6V0A4
  V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0A4 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V0B
  ATP6V0B
  V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0B gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V0C
  ATP6V0C
  V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0C gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V0D1
  ATP6V0D1
  V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP6V0D1 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP6V0D2, ATP6V0E
• Cu⁺⁺ transporting: ATP7A
  ATP7A
  Copper-transporting ATPase 1 also known as copper pump 1 or Menkes disease-associated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATP7A gene.- Gene :...
  
  , ATP7B
• Class I, type 8: ATP8A1, ATP8B1
  ATP8B1
  Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IC is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP8B1 gene. This protein is associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 as well as benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis.- Function :...
  
  , ATP8B2, ATP8B3
  ATP8B3
  ATPase, aminophospholipid transporter, class I, type 8B, member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATP8B3 gene.The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases, and to the subfamily of aminophospholipid-transporting ATPases...
  
  , ATP8B4
• Class II, type 9: ATP9A, ATP9B
• Class V, type 10: ATP10A
  ATP10A
  Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase VA also known as ATPase class V type 10A or aminophospholipid translocase VA is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP10A gene.- Function :...
  
  , ATP10B, ATP10D
• Class VI, type 11: ATP11A, ATP11B
  ATP11B
  Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase IF is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP11B gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP11C
• H⁺/K⁺ transporting, nongastric: ATP12A
  ATP12A
  ATPase, H+/K+ transporting, nongastric, alpha polypeptide is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ATP12A gene.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the family of P-type cation transport ATPases...
  
  
• type 13: ATP13A1, ATP13A2
  ATP13A2
  Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP13A2 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP13A3
  ATP13A3
  Probable cation-transporting ATPase 13A3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP13A3 gene.-Further reading:...
  
  , ATP13A4, ATP13A5

External links

• "ATP synthase - a splendid molecular machine" - Proton or sodium translocating F- and V-type ATPases - Different conformations of P-type ATPase