Sztum
Encyclopedia
Sztum sz is a town in northern Poland
, located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship
. It is the capital of Sztum County
, with some 10,141 inhabitants (2004).
Signs of settlement dating back to the Roman Empire era have been found. In the early Middle Ages a fortified settlement of the Prussian people existed at the site, conquered by the Teutonic Knights
in 1236. City rights were granted to the settlement in 1416.
In 1466 the town with other western Prussian territory passed to the crown of Poland as part of Royal Prussia
. As part of Poland
, the town functioned as a seat of Stuhm County in Marienburg county (Malbork Voivodeship
) (1466-1772) and a place to hold local court sessions. In 1635 the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf was signed in the village of Stuhmsdorf (now Sztumska Wies, just south of the city of Sztum).
In 1772 during the time of the First Partition of Poland
the town became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
. In 1871 it became part of the newly created German Empire
.
According to the Treaty of Versailles
after World War I
the inhabitants were asked whether they want to remain in Germany or join the new Second Polish Republic
in the East Prussian plebiscite
on 11 July 1920, 19,984 votes were given to remain in Germany, 4,904 votes for Poland. Based on that result Stuhm was included in the Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder within East Prussia
.
Towards and after the end of World War II
, the German inhabitants fled or were expelled
like most of the German population in the region. At the end of the war, the town, along with the rest of southern East Prussia, was assigned to Poland by the Potsdam Conference
under territorial changes proposed by the USSR. The city was resettled by Poles, many of them, expellees from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
.
with:
Ritterhude
, Val de Reuil, Varde
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship
Pomeranian Voivodeship, or Pomerania Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in north-central Poland. It comprises most of Pomerelia , as well as an area east of the Vistula River...
. It is the capital of Sztum County
Sztum County
Sztum County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland. Its administrative seat and largest town is Sztum, which lies south-east of the regional capital Gdańsk. The only other town in the county is Dzierzgoń, lying east of Sztum.The...
, with some 10,141 inhabitants (2004).
History
Teutonic Knights
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem , commonly the Teutonic Order , is a German medieval military order, in modern times a purely religious Catholic order...
in 1236. City rights were granted to the settlement in 1416.
In 1466 the town with other western Prussian territory passed to the crown of Poland as part of Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia was a Region of the Kingdom of Poland and of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . Polish Prussia included Pomerelia, Chełmno Land , Malbork Voivodeship , Gdańsk , Toruń , and Elbląg . It is distinguished from Ducal Prussia...
. As part of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, the town functioned as a seat of Stuhm County in Marienburg county (Malbork Voivodeship
Malbork Voivodeship
The Malbork Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland from 1454/1466 until the partitions in 1772-1795. Together with the Pomeranian and Chełmno Voivodeships and the Prince-Bishopric of Warmia it formed the historical province of Royal Prussia...
) (1466-1772) and a place to hold local court sessions. In 1635 the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf was signed in the village of Stuhmsdorf (now Sztumska Wies, just south of the city of Sztum).
In 1772 during the time of the First Partition of Poland
First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland or First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the Russian Empire's power, threatening the Kingdom of Prussia and the...
the town became part of the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
. In 1871 it became part of the newly created German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
.
According to the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of...
after World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
the inhabitants were asked whether they want to remain in Germany or join the new Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
in the East Prussian plebiscite
East Prussian plebiscite
The East Prussia plebiscite , also known as the Allenstein and Marienwerder plebiscite or Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite , was a plebiscite for self-determination of the regions Warmia , Masuria and Powiśle, which had been in parts of East Prussia and West Prussia, in accordance with...
on 11 July 1920, 19,984 votes were given to remain in Germany, 4,904 votes for Poland. Based on that result Stuhm was included in the Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder within East Prussia
East Prussia
East Prussia is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.East Prussia...
.
Towards and after the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, the German inhabitants fled or were expelled
Evacuation of East Prussia
The evacuation of East Prussia refers to the evacuation of the German civilian population and military personnel in East Prussia and the Klaipėda region between 20 January, and March 1945, as part of the evacuation of German civilians towards the end of World War II...
like most of the German population in the region. At the end of the war, the town, along with the rest of southern East Prussia, was assigned to Poland by the Potsdam Conference
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 16 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States...
under territorial changes proposed by the USSR. The city was resettled by Poles, many of them, expellees from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union
Immediately after the German invasion of Poland in 1939, which marked the beginning of World War II, the Soviet Union invaded the eastern regions of the Second Polish Republic, which Poles referred to as the "Kresy," and annexed territories totaling 201,015 km² with a population of 13,299,000...
.
Twin towns — Sister cities
Sztum is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
Ritterhude
Ritterhude
Ritterhude is a municipality in the district of Osterholz, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the Hamme River, approx. 6 km southwest of Osterholz-Scharmbeck, and 13 km northwest of Bremen.- Geographical location :...
, Val de Reuil, Varde
Varde
Varde Municipality is a municipality in Region of Southern Denmark on the west coast of the Jutland peninsula in southwest Denmark. Its mayor is Gylling Håhr, a member of the Venstre political party. The main town and site of its municipal council is the town of Varde. Its area is 1255.79 km²...
External links
- Official town webpage
- Map via mapa.szukacz.pl
- Stuhm on map of Germany, Prussia 1600
- Vital Statistics (Kirchenbuch) of inhabitants since mid 1600s of Stuhm city and Stuhm county
- German website of former Kreis Stuhm inhabitants
