TELKOM-2
Encyclopedia
TELKOM-2 is a C-band geosynchronous communications satellite built by Orbital
for Indonesia's state-owned telecommunications company, PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk (PT Telkom). TELKOM-2 was successfully launched November 16, 2005, and positioned in geosynchronous orbit
, 22,300 miles above the Earth
, at 118°E (0°N 118°W).
Based on Orbital's highly successful and flight-proven STAR-2 spacecraft platform, TELKOM-2 features state-of-the-art communications satellite
technology, and 24 C-band transponders. The new spacecraft will replace PT Telkom's on-orbit Palapa
-B4 satellite
, improve communications coverage across Indonesia
, and allow PT Telkom to expand its coverage
area into southeast Asia
and the India
n subcontinent
.
In addition to providing the spacecraft bus and payload, Orbital is supplementing Telkom's existing ground
segment through the addition of a state-of-the-art ground station including all hardware and software. Orbital is also providing extensive mission operations support.
There are several postpones exist before Telkom-2 was launched. Three postpones happened on November 2005 because of technical problems with Ariane 5
rocket
. Other postpones happened during November 2004 until October 2005 with different problems including technical problem with Telkom-2.
Orbital's contract with PT Telkom includes an optional order for another geosynchronous satellite.
Specification of Telkom-2 Satellite
Orbital Sciences Corporation
Orbital Sciences Corporation is an American company which specializes in the manufacturing and launch of satellites. Its Launch Systems Group is heavily involved with missile defense launch systems...
for Indonesia's state-owned telecommunications company, PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk (PT Telkom). TELKOM-2 was successfully launched November 16, 2005, and positioned in geosynchronous orbit
Orbit
In physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of an object around a point in space, for example the orbit of a planet around the center of a star system, such as the Solar System...
, 22,300 miles above the Earth
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun, and the densest and fifth-largest of the eight planets in the Solar System. It is also the largest of the Solar System's four terrestrial planets...
, at 118°E (0°N 118°W).
Based on Orbital's highly successful and flight-proven STAR-2 spacecraft platform, TELKOM-2 features state-of-the-art communications satellite
Communications satellite
A communications satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications...
technology, and 24 C-band transponders. The new spacecraft will replace PT Telkom's on-orbit Palapa
Palapa
Palapa is a series of communication satellites owned by Indosat, an Indonesian telecommunication company.The name Palapa also alludes to "Sumpah Palapa" the oath taken by Gajah Mada, a 14th century Prime Minister of the Javanese Majapahit Empire described in the Pararaton...
-B4 satellite
Satellite
In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavour. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon....
, improve communications coverage across Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, and allow PT Telkom to expand its coverage
Coverage
-Filmmaking:* Coverage , the size of the image a lens can produce* Camera coverage, the amount of footage shot and different camera setups used in filming a scene...
area into southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
and the India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n subcontinent
Subcontinent
A subcontinent is a large, relatively self-contained landmass forming a subdivision of a continent. By dictionary entries, the term subcontinent signifies "having a certain geographical or political independence" from the rest of the continent, or "a vast and more or less self-contained subdivision...
.
In addition to providing the spacecraft bus and payload, Orbital is supplementing Telkom's existing ground
Ground
Ground may refer to:* Earth's surface* Soil, a mixture of clay, sand and organic matter present on the surface of the Earth and serving as substrate for plant growth and micro-organisms development...
segment through the addition of a state-of-the-art ground station including all hardware and software. Orbital is also providing extensive mission operations support.
There are several postpones exist before Telkom-2 was launched. Three postpones happened on November 2005 because of technical problems with Ariane 5
Ariane 5
Ariane 5 is, as a part of Ariane rocket family, an expendable launch system used to deliver payloads into geostationary transfer orbit or low Earth orbit . Ariane 5 rockets are manufactured under the authority of the European Space Agency and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales...
rocket
Rocket
A rocket is a missile, spacecraft, aircraft or other vehicle which obtains thrust from a rocket engine. In all rockets, the exhaust is formed entirely from propellants carried within the rocket before use. Rocket engines work by action and reaction...
. Other postpones happened during November 2004 until October 2005 with different problems including technical problem with Telkom-2.
Orbital's contract with PT Telkom includes an optional order for another geosynchronous satellite.
Specification of Telkom-2 Satellite
- Owner: PT Telkomunikasi Indonesia Tbk (PT Telkom)
- Mission: C-band communicationCommunicationCommunication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast...
s for Indonesia - Performance: RepeaterRepeaterA repeater is an electronic device that receives asignal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances.-Description:...
- two groups of 15-for-12 linearized traveling wave tube assemblies (TWTAs) - TransponderTransponderIn telecommunication, the term transponder has the following meanings:...
PowerPower (physics)In physics, power is the rate at which energy is transferred, used, or transformed. For example, the rate at which a light bulb transforms electrical energy into heat and light is measured in watts—the more wattage, the more power, or equivalently the more electrical energy is used per unit...
- 39 wattWattThe watt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units , named after the Scottish engineer James Watt . The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion.-Definition:...
s RF - Stabilization - 3-axis, zero momentum
- Launch mass - 1,930 kg
- Mission life - 15 years (>15 years of fuel)
- Launched on November 16, 2005 by ArianeAriane (rocket)Ariane is a series of a European civilian expendable launch vehicles for space launch use. The name comes from the French spelling of the mythological character Ariadne....
5 ECA rocket in Guiana Space CentreCentre Spatial GuyanaisThe Guiana Space Centre or, more commonly, Centre Spatial Guyanais is a French spaceport near Kourou in French Guiana. Operational since 1968, it is particularly suitable as a location for a spaceport due to its proximity to the equator, and that launches are in a favourable direction over water...
in KourouKourouKourou is a commune in French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.Kourou is the location of the Guiana Space Centre, France and ESA's main spaceport.-Geography:...
, French GuianaFrench GuianaFrench Guiana is an overseas region of France, consisting of a single overseas department located on the northern Atlantic coast of South America. It has borders with two nations, Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west... - Redundancy: Full dual string
- Solar arrays: 2 panel wings with improved triple-junction Gas cells
- Propulsion: Liquid bi-propellant transfer orbitOrbitIn physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of an object around a point in space, for example the orbit of a planet around the center of a star system, such as the Solar System...
system; monopropellantMonopropellantMonopropellants are propellants composed of chemicals or mixtures of chemicals which can be stored in a single container with some degree of safety. While stable under defined storage conditions, they react very rapidly under certain other conditions to produce a large volume of energetic gases...
(hydrazineHydrazineHydrazine is an inorganic compound with the formula N2H4. It is a colourless flammable liquid with an ammonia-like odor. Hydrazine is highly toxic and dangerously unstable unless handled in solution. Approximately 260,000 tons are manufactured annually...
) on-orbit - Frequency: C-band
- Repeater: Two groups of 15-for-12 linear traveling wave tube assemblies (TWTAs)
- Antenna: Two 2.0 m (6.6 ft.) dual-griddled shaped-beamBeamBeam may refer to:*Beam , a construction element*Beam , the most extreme width of a nautical vessel, or a point alongside the ship at the mid-point of its length*A narrow, propagating stream of particles or energy:...
reflectors