A number of experimental and broadcast pre World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

 television

Television

Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...

 systems were tested. The first ones were mechanical based (mechanical TV) and of very low resolution, sometimes with no sound. Later TV systems were electronic (electronic TV).

France

• France 1930 (mechanical): 30 lines, 12.5 frame/s
• France 1932 (mechanical): 60 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 3:7 vertical aspect ratio
  Aspect ratio
  The aspect ratio of a shape is the ratio of its longer dimension to its shorter dimension. It may be applied to two characteristic dimensions of a three-dimensional shape, such as the ratio of the longest and shortest axis, or for symmetrical objects that are described by just two measurements,...
  
  , vertical scanning ~35x60 pixels per frame, sound, live images
• France 1935-1936: 375 lines
• France 1935-1939 (electronic): 455 lines
• France 1943-1956 (electronic): 441 lines

Germany

• Doberitz 1932 (mechanical): 48 lines, 25 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~64x48 pixels per frame, sound, talking movies
• Berlin R.P.Z. 1932 (mechanical): 60 lines, 25 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~83x60 pixels per frame, test movies and live images
• Germany 1932: 90 lines
• Germany 1935: 180 lines
  180 lines
  180 lines is an early electronic television system. It was used in Germany after on March 22, 1935, using telecine transmission of film, intermediate film system, or cameras using the Nipkow disk...
  
  
• Germany 1937: 441 lines
  441 lines
  441 lines, or 383i if named using modern standard, is an early electronic television system. It was used with 50 interlaced frames per second in France and Germany, where it was an improvement over the previous 180 lines system...
  
  , 25 frame/s, line frequency 11025 Hz. Vision 46.0 MHz Sound 43.2 MHz.
• Germany 1940: 1.000 lines signal projection, no glass screen but projection screen (successful experiments in Reichspost
  Reichspost
  - Imperial Reichspost :* The Imperial Reichspost was the name of the postal service of the Holy Roman Empire, founded by Franz von Taxis in 1495...
  
   labors, but no mass production, note that in Germany public telegraphy, telephone, and radio services were subject to the Reichspostministerium since the early 20th century, and TV was regarded a postal issue as well until the 1980s)

Netherlands

• Netherlands 1930s: 441 lines
  441 lines
  441 lines, or 383i if named using modern standard, is an early electronic television system. It was used with 50 interlaced frames per second in France and Germany, where it was an improvement over the previous 180 lines system...
  
  , 25 frame/s, line frequency 11025 Hz
• Late 1940s: 567 lines

Poland

• Warsaw 1937 (mechanical): 120 lines, test movies and live images from a studio
• Electronic TV (343 lines) was under development and was publicly demonstrated during the Radio Exhibition in Warsaw in August 1939, regular operations planned to start at the beginning of 1940, work stopped because of the outbreak of World War II.

Switzerland

• Switzerland 1932 (mechanical): 30 lines, 16.6 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~40x30 pixels per frame, test movies and live images

Italy

During the 1930s there were also experimental transmissions from the Vatican

Vatican City

Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of...

 - but further details are unknown

• Italy 1932 (mechanical): 60 lines, 20 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~45x60 pixels per frame, test movies and live images
• Italy 1937 (electronic): 375 lines, 25 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, daily from Rome, between 6pm and 9.30pm on 6.9 meters with a power of 2 kW
• Italy 1939 (electronic): 441 lines
  441 lines
  441 lines, or 383i if named using modern standard, is an early electronic television system. It was used with 50 interlaced frames per second in France and Germany, where it was an improvement over the previous 180 lines system...
  
  , 25 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, regular service from Rome and Milan. 2 kW transmission power on VHF 45 MHz

Mechanical

• England 1926 (Baird
  John Logie Baird
  John Logie Baird FRSE was a Scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first practical, publicly demonstrated television system, and also the world's first fully electronic colour television tube...
  
   mechanical): 30 lines, 5 frame/s, black-and-white experimental transmissions
• England 1928 (Baird mechanical): 30 lines, 5 frame/s, first experimental color TV transmissions
• London 1932 (Baird mechanical) : 30 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 3:7 vertical aspect ratio, vertical scanning, ~70x30 pixels per frame, sound, live TV from studio
• England 1936 (Baird): 240 lines, 25 frame/s, line frequency 6000 Hz, used from November 1936 to February 1937

Electronic

• UK (1936, EMI): 405 lines / 50 Hz. Used from November 1936 to 1939 and then 1945 to 1985 (interuption due to 2nd World War).
  • The EMI 405 lines system was the first to have an ITU
    Itu
    Itu is an old and historic municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2009 was 157,384 and the area is 641.68 km². The elevation is 583 m. This place name comes from the Tupi language, meaning big waterfall. Itu is linked with the highway numbered the SP-75 and are flowed...
    
     System Letter Designation.
  • The EMI system is officially known as System A. As the EMI system predates PAL
    PAL
    PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is an analogue television colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in many countries. Other common analogue television systems are NTSC and SECAM. This page primarily discusses the PAL colour encoding system...
    
    , there is no PAL designator in the ITU television system table.

USSR

• USSR 1932 (mechanical): 30 lines, 12.5 frame/s, 4:3 horizontal aspect ratio, ~40x30 pixels per frame, test movies and live images

North America

• USA 1933: 240 lines
• USA 1936: 343 lines; limited public demonstrations in New York City
  New York City
  New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
  
   (RCA
  RCA
  RCA Corporation, founded as the Radio Corporation of America, was an American electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986. The RCA trademark is currently owned by the French conglomerate Technicolor SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Technicolor...
  
  ) and Philadelphia (Philco
  Philco
  Philco, the Philadelphia Storage Battery Company , was a pioneer in early battery, radio, and television production as well as former employer of Philo Farnsworth, inventor of cathode ray tube television...
  
  ). Field tests in Los Angeles
  Los Ángeles
  Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
  
   used various line systems, but adopted RCA's 441 lines
  441 lines
  441 lines, or 383i if named using modern standard, is an early electronic television system. It was used with 50 interlaced frames per second in France and Germany, where it was an improvement over the previous 180 lines system...
  
   system by 1938.
• USA 1938-9: First TV receivers sold on a very limited basis, mostly in New York. Manufacturers included RCA
  RCA
  RCA Corporation, founded as the Radio Corporation of America, was an American electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986. The RCA trademark is currently owned by the French conglomerate Technicolor SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Technicolor...
  
  , General Electric
  General Electric
  General Electric Company , or GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in Schenectady, New York and headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States...
  
  , DuMont
  DuMont Laboratories
  DuMont Laboratories was an American television equipment manufacturer. The company was founded in 1931, by inventor Allen B. DuMont. Among the company's developments were long-lasting cathode ray tubes that would be used for television. Another product out of the lab was a DuMont invention, the...
  
  , and Andrea
  Andrea
  Andrea is a given name common in many parts of the world:* In Czech, Serbian, Macedonian, Dutch, English, German, Hungarian, Scandinavian languages and Spanish, Andrea is used as a woman's name, as the feminine form of Andrew, Andreas, András, Andrés or Andre.* In Italy and Albania, Andrea is quite...
  
  .
• USA 1937-1941: 441 lines
  441 lines
  441 lines, or 383i if named using modern standard, is an early electronic television system. It was used with 50 interlaced frames per second in France and Germany, where it was an improvement over the previous 180 lines system...
  
   @ 30 f.p.s.(RCA) and 605 lines (Proposed by Philco), both replaced by 525 line System-M on July 1, 1941 when the Federal Communications Commission
  Federal Communications Commission
  The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, Congressional statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the...
  
   issued the first commercial licenses.

See also

• Timeline of the BBC
  Timeline of the BBC
  - 1920s :* 1922** 18 October - The British Broadcasting Company is formed.** 14 November - First BBC broadcasts from London .** 15 November - First broadcasts from Birmingham and Manchester ....
  
  
• History of television
  History of television
  The history of television records the work of numerous engineers and inventors in several countries over many decades. The fundamental principles of television were initially explored using electromechanical methods to scan, transmit and reproduce an image...
  
  
• Timeline of the introduction of television in countries
  Timeline of the introduction of television in countries
  This is a list of when the first publicly announced television broadcasts occurred in the mentioned countries. Non-public field tests and closed circuit demonstrations are not included....
  
  
• Timeline of the introduction of colour television in countries
• Geographical usage of television
  Geographical usage of television
  The geographical usage of television varies around the world with a number of different transmission standards in use and differing approaches by government in relation to ownership and programme content.-African networks and stations:...
  
  
• Moving image formats
  Moving image formats
  This article discusses moving image capture, transmission and presentation from today's technical and creative points of view; concentrating on aspects of frame rates.- Essential parameters :...
  
  
• Oldest radio station
  Oldest radio station
  The title of oldest radio station is disputed by several in Europe , and in the United States and Canada.Several potential contenders for the title of "oldest radio station" are listed below, organized by sign-on date:-Stations:...
  
  
• List of experimental television stations
• Narrow-bandwidth television
  Narrow-bandwidth television
  Narrow-bandwidth television is a type of television designed to fit into a low-bandwidth channel, in the extreme case using amateur radio voice frequency channels that only range up to a few kilohertz...
  
  
• Oldest television station
  Oldest television station
  This is a list of prewar television stations of the 1920s and 1930s that were among the first in the world. Most of these experimental stations were located in Europe , Canada and the United States...
  
  
• Early television stations

Individual television stations

• WRGB
  WRGB
  WRGB, channel 6, is a television station located in Schenectady, New York, USA. WRGB is owned by Freedom Communications, and is the CBS affiliate for the Albany-Schenectady-Troy television market...
  
  
• WNBC-TV
• WCBS-TV
  WCBS-TV
  WCBS-TV, channel 2, is the flagship station of the CBS television network, located in New York City. The station's studios are located within the CBS Broadcast Center and its transmitter is atop the Empire State Building, both in Midtown Manhattan....
  
  
• KCBS-TV
  KCBS-TV
  KCBS-TV, channel 2, is an owned-and-operated television station of the CBS Television Network, located in Los Angeles, California. KCBS-TV shares its offices and studio facilities with sister station KCAL-TV inside CBS Studio Center in the Studio City section of Los Angeles, and its transmitter...
  
  
• BBC
  BBC
  The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...
  
  /BBC Television
  BBC Television
  BBC Television is a service of the British Broadcasting Corporation. The corporation, which has operated in the United Kingdom under the terms of a Royal Charter since 1927, has produced television programmes from its own studios since 1932, although the start of its regular service of television...
  
  

Broadcast television systems

• Television systems before 1940
• NTSC
  NTSC
  NTSC, named for the National Television System Committee, is the analog television system that is used in most of North America, most of South America , Burma, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, and some Pacific island nations and territories .Most countries using the NTSC standard, as...
  
  
• PAL
  PAL
  PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is an analogue television colour encoding system used in broadcast television systems in many countries. Other common analogue television systems are NTSC and SECAM. This page primarily discusses the PAL colour encoding system...
  
  
• SECAM
  SECAM
  SECAM, also written SÉCAM , is an analog color television system first used in France....
  
  

Related topics in television systems

• Mechanical television
  Mechanical television
  Mechanical television was a broadcast television system that used mechanical or electromechanical devices to capture and display video images. However, the images themselves were usually transmitted electronically and via radio waves...
  
  
• 405 lines
• 441 lines
  441 lines
  441 lines, or 383i if named using modern standard, is an early electronic television system. It was used with 50 interlaced frames per second in France and Germany, where it was an improvement over the previous 180 lines system...
  
  
• 819 lines
• NBTV
• Display resolution
  Display resolution
  The display resolution of a digital television or display device is the number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed. It can be an ambiguous term especially as the displayed resolution is controlled by all different factors in cathode ray tube , flat panel or projection...
  
  

External links

• (in German) Rolf Wigand: Technische Beschreibung des E 1 (Zeitgenössischer Artikel in „Radio-Mentor", pdf 295 kB)
• (in German) Eckhard Etzold: Ausführliche Webseite mit vielen Fotos sowie Schaltbild des E 1