Temiskaming Shores, Ontario
Encyclopedia
Temiskaming Shores is a city
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
in Northeastern Ontario
Northeastern Ontario
Northeastern Ontario is the region within the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north and east of Lakes Superior and Huron.Northeastern Ontario consists of the districts of Algoma, Sudbury, Cochrane, Timiskaming, Nipissing and Manitoulin; and the single-tier municipality of Greater...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
. It was created by the amalgamation
Amalgamation (politics)
A merger or amalgamation in a political or administrative sense is the combination of two or more political or administrative entities such as municipalities , counties, districts, etc. into a single entity. This term is used when the process occurs within a sovereign entity...
of the town of New Liskeard, the town of Haileybury, and the township of Dymond in 2004. The city had a total population
Population
A population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
of 10,442 in the Canada 2006 Census
Canada 2006 Census
The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 16, 2006. The next census following will be the 2011 Census. Canada's total population enumerated by the 2006 census was 31,612,897...
. Temiskaming Shores is Ontario's second-smallest city, in terms of population, after Dryden
Dryden, Ontario
Dryden is the second-largest city in the Kenora District of Northwestern Ontario, Canada, located on Wabigoon Lake. It is the smallest community in the province of Ontario designated as a city...
. Haileybury is the seat of Timiskaming District
Timiskaming District, Ontario
Timiskaming is a district and census division in Northeastern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario. The district was created in 1912 from parts of Algoma, Nipissing, and Sudbury districts. In 1921, Cochrane District was created from parts of this district and parts of Thunder Bay...
.
Prior to the amalgamation of Temiskaming Shores, the region was commonly nicknamed The Tri-Towns, a designation that also encompassed the neighbouring town of Cobalt
Cobalt, Ontario
Cobalt is a town in the district of Timiskaming, province of Ontario, Canada, with a population of 1,223 In 2001 Cobalt was named "Ontario's Most Historic Town" by a panel of judges on the TV Ontario program Studio 2, and in 2002 the area was designated a National Historic Site.-History:Silver was...
. Cobalt was also part of the original Temiskaming Shores amalgamation plan, but ultimately rejected the proposal. The Tri-Towns designation may still be used on occasion, but has become significantly less common since the municipal amalgamation.
In the Canada 2001 Census
Canada 2001 Census
The Canada 2001 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population. Census day was May 15, 2001. On that day, Statistics Canada attempted to count every person in Canada. The total population count of Canada was 30,007,094. This was a 4% increase over 1996 Census of 28,846,761. In...
, the last Canadian census before the amalgamated city came into effect, New Liskeard had a population of 4,906, Haileybury had a population of 4,543 and Dymond had a population of 1,181.
Geography
Temiskaming Shores is located along the southern edge of the Clay BeltClay Belt
The Clay Belt is a vast tract of fertile soil in northeastern Ontario, Canada, between the area of Cochrane District, and Abitibi County, Quebec covering around 29,000,000 acres in total...
area, near the Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....
border on the shores of Lake Timiskaming
Lake Timiskaming
Lake Timiskaming is a large freshwater lake on the provincial border between Ontario and Quebec, Canada. The lake, which forms part of the Ottawa River, is in length and covers an area of almost . Its water level ranges between and above sea-level, with a mean annual average of . The lake is...
's Wabi Bay. The separate township municipality of Harris
Harris, Ontario
Harris is a township in the Timiskaming District in the Canadian province of Ontario.Harris is located directly east of the city of Temiskaming Shores on the northern shore of Lake Timiskaming. The township had a population of 512 in the Canada 2006 Census...
separates the city from the Ontario-Quebec border. The nearest town on the Quebec side of the border is Notre-Dame-du-Nord
Notre-Dame-du-Nord, Quebec
Notre-Dame-du-Nord is a municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec, located in the Témiscamingue Regional County Municipality. It is located at the northern end of Lake Timiskaming where the Ottawa River enters into this lake....
.
The city is located within the Timiskaming Graben, a smaller branch of the Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
The Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben , with its branch the Timiskaming Graben, is an ancient rift valley in the Canadian Shield of Northeastern Ontario and Quebec, Canada. This rift valley was formed when the Earth's crust moved downward about a kilometre between two major fault zones known as the Mattawa...
. A large escarpment
Escarpment
An escarpment is a steep slope or long cliff that occurs from erosion or faulting and separates two relatively level areas of differing elevations.-Description and variants:...
, known as Devil's Rock
Devil's Rock
Devil's Rock or Devils Rock is a granite escarpment, located south of Haileybury, Ontario, Canada. It is dated to be 2,200 million years old and it has a face of rising above Lake Timiskaming. People have been rock climbing Devil's Rock in recent years. There are five tunnels in the cliffs face...
, is located near Haileybury.
History
Ottawa River
The Ottawa River is a river in the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec. For most of its length, it now defines the border between these two provinces.-Geography:...
, which drains into and out of Lake Timiskaming, has been a well-travelled route from the earliest times, and served as the initial point of access to the Temiskaming area. Native peoples travelled this route since the earliest times. Fort Temiscamingue was established in 1695 by French explorers. In 1794 George Gladman of the Hudson's Bay Company
Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company , abbreviated HBC, or "The Bay" is the oldest commercial corporation in North America and one of the oldest in the world. A fur trading business for much of its existence, today Hudson's Bay Company owns and operates retail stores throughout Canada...
established Abitibi House on Lake Abitibi, to the north. In 1886, Alexander H. Telfer led a survey trip up Lake Timiskaming and gave a report to the Temiskaming Settlers' Association. By this time, the Quebec side of Lake Timiskaming was also being settled, and steamboats, the primary mode of transportation in the area, were ferrying new settlers into the area.
Before more settlements could be established, The Quebec - Ontario boundary north of Lake Timiskaming had to be accurately surveyed. Earlier surveys by Quebec and Ontario resulted in a boundary dispute, so the Canadian government sent a survey team to resolve the issue in 1890. William Ogilvie
William Ogilvie (surveyor)
William Ogilvie FRGS was a Canadian Dominion land surveyor, explorer and Commissioner of the Yukon Territory....
, who had recently distinguished himself by accurately surveying the Canada - Alaska boundary, led the expedition. A benchmark
Benchmark (surveying)
The term bench mark, or benchmark, originates from the chiseled horizontal marks that surveyors made in stone structures, into which an angle-iron could be placed to form a "bench" for a leveling rod, thus ensuring that a leveling rod could be accurately repositioned in the same place in the future...
near Mattawa
Mattawa, Ontario
Mattawa is a town in northeastern Ontario, Canada, at the confluence of the Mattawa and Ottawa Rivers in Nipissing District. Mattawa means "Meeting of the Waters" in Ojibwa...
was used to establish an accurate benchmark north of Lake Timiskaming, using astronomical methods. From the head of Lake Timiskaming, they proceeded north to James Bay, fixing accurate positions of the provincial boundary at regular intervals using geodesy
Geodesy
Geodesy , also named geodetics, a branch of earth sciences, is the scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the Earth, including its gravitational field, in a three-dimensional time-varying space. Geodesists also study geodynamical phenomena such as crustal...
data derived from star transit
Star transit
A Star transit is the passage of a star through the eyepiece of an telescope.The precise observation of star transits is the basis of many methods in Astronomy and in Geodesy...
s. Ogilvie's journal describe conditions in this area and the early settlers he met. His report on this expedition describes the details of this expedition.
William Murray (1840–1906) and Irvin Heard (1871–1956) were the first European settlers in the New Liskeard area, arriving in 1891. Some years later Crown Lands Agent John Armstrong was dispatched to the area to oversee formal land settlement. The settlers founded a prosperous agricultural center, taking advantage of the rich soil in the Little Claybelt region. New Liskeard was founded soon after settlers began to arrive in Dymond, and the two towns were soon incorporated, in 1903 and 1901, respectively. John Armstrong served as New Liskeard's first mayor. His descendants still live in the area today. New Liskeard was named after Liskeard
Liskeard
Liskeard is an ancient stannary and market town and civil parish in south east Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.Liskeard is situated approximately 20 miles west of Plymouth, west of the River Tamar and the border with Devon, and 12 miles east of Bodmin...
in Cornwall, England.
Haileybury was founded in 1889 by Charles Cobbold Farr, who named the newly founded town after the Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Haileybury and Imperial Service College, , is a prestigious British independent school founded in 1862. The school is located at Hertford Heath, near Hertford, from central London, on of parkland occupied until 1858 by the East India College...
, his former school in England. Haileybury was formally incorporated as a town in 1904. Farr encouraged settlement in the area, penning his own promotional pamphlet, entitled "The Lake Temiskamingue District", in an effort to attract new settlers to the region. Marketed to settlers as prime agricultural land, Haileybury had only a handful of residents until the arrival of the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railway in the early 1900s, and the subsequent discovery of large silver deposits in neighboring Cobalt in 1903. During the Cobalt's Silver Rush, Haileybury became a 'bedroom community' that served the needs of the many miners and, most famously, many mine owners and managers. These mine managers and owners were responsible for the construction of the row of stately homes, nicknamed 'Millionaire's Row' that stretched along the waterfront on what is now Lakeshore Road, many of which still stand today. In 1909, the Haileybury Hockey Club
Haileybury Hockey Club
The Haileybury Hockey Club of Haileybury, Ontario, was a professional ice hockey club established in the early 1900s, which is most notable as a member of the National Hockey Association which it played in during the 1910 season...
played its first and only season in the NHA
National Hockey Association
The National Hockey Association was a professional ice hockey organization with teams in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. It is the direct predecessor organization to today's National Hockey League...
. The club was taken over and moved by Montreal's Club Antique-Canadien for the following season, and became the Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Canadiens
The Montreal Canadiens are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. They are members of the Northeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League . The club is officially known as ...
. By 1912, Haileybury had been named the judicial seat for the Temiskaming Region, a title it retains to this day. The town of Haileybury annexed the neighbouring community of North Cobalt in 1971.
| Census | Population |
|---|---|
| New Liskeard | |
| 1911 | 2,108 |
| 1921 | 2,268 |
| 1931 | 2,880 |
| 1941 | 3,019 |
| 1951 | 4,215 |
| 1961 | 4,896 |
| 1971 | 5,488 |
| 1981 | 5,551 |
| 1991 | 5,431 |
| 2001 | 4,906 |
| Temiskaming | Shores |
| 2006 | 10,732 |
The region was affected by the Great Fire of 1922
Great Fire of 1922
The Great Fire of 1922 was a wildfire burning through the Lesser Clay Belt in the Timiskaming District, Ontario, Canada, from October 4 to 5, 1922. It has been called one of the ten worst natural disasters in Canadian history....
, considered one of the worst disasters ever to befall the area. Haileybury suffered the worst damage, and approximately ninety percent of the town was destroyed, leaving only Millionaire's Row and a few other neighborhoods intact. The mass destruction is partially attributable to strong wind on the day of the fire. Approximately 3500 people were left homeless by the fire. As well, the area was affected by the 1935 Timiskaming earthquake
1935 Timiskaming earthquake
The 1935 Timiskaming earthquake was a magnitude 6.2 earthquake that occurred on November 1, 1935 in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec...
, which had its epicentre at Lac Kipawa
Lac Kipawa
Lake Kipawa is a lake in far south-west Quebec, Canada, near the border with Ontario, north of Témiscaming, Quebec...
in Quebec, approximately halfway between the Haileybury/New Liskeard area and North Bay
North Bay, Ontario
North Bay is a city in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat of Nipissing District, and takes its name from its position on the shore of Lake Nipissing.-History:...
.
In more recent history, Dymond still functions largely as an agricultural centre, while the commercial and industrial interests in the area have mostly shifted operations to the former town of New Liskeard. Haileybury maintains its status as a judicial seat, and is also home to the new city hall. A strong link to agriculture means that Temiskaming Shores has largely avoided the boom-and-bust cycle typical of most mining- and forestry-dependent small towns, and has been able to maintain a stable population base with a healthy local economy. Temiskaming Shores has also become a popular retirement and recreational destination, with small retirement communities like the Bayport Village being developed in the former town of Haileybury.
A 65000 square feet (6,038.7 m²) building in Haileybury, built by area businessman Peter Grant as a combination home and office for his now-defunct company Grant Forest Products, was promoted as the largest house in Canada when Grant put it on the real estate
Real estate
In general use, esp. North American, 'real estate' is taken to mean "Property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals, or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this; an item of real property; buildings or...
market in 2010 for an asking price of $25 million.
Amalgamation issues
Initially, as none of the old municipal office buildings was large enough to accommodate the expanded municipal staff of a single city, all three remained in use to house different city departments. A new city hall, located on Farr Drive in Haileybury, was completed in 2007.Though now established as one legal city, Temiskaming Shores is not fully integrated geographically — there exists a noticeable demarcation between New Liskeard/Dymond and Haileybury/North Cobalt. The downtown areas of New Liskeard and Haileybury are separated by 8 km-long Lakeshore Road. For most of its length, this road lacks sidewalks, which makes it quite impractical to travel through the city without using a motor vehicle
Motor vehicle
A motor vehicle or road vehicle is a self-propelled wheeled vehicle that does not operate on rails, such as trains or trolleys. The vehicle propulsion is provided by an engine or motor, usually by an internal combustion engine, or an electric motor, or some combination of the two, such as hybrid...
. The STATO Trail, now under construction, is intended resolve this problem. The inaugural section was paved in early June 2008, and runs along the waterfront by City Hall.
City council has yet to approach Canada Post
Canada Post
Canada Post Corporation, known more simply as Canada Post , is the Canadian crown corporation which functions as the country's primary postal operator...
to have Temiskaming Shores recognized as a mailing address. Currently, mail is delivered to PO boxes and rural routes in the pre-amalgamation towns of New Liskeard (P0J 1P0), Haileybury (P0J 1K0), and North Cobalt (P0J 1R0).
Transportation
Highway 11Highway 11 (Ontario)
King's Highway 11 is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. At , it is the second longest highway in the province after Highway 17. Highway 11 begins at Highway 400 in Barrie, and arches through northern Ontario, around Lake Superior, to the Ontario–Minnesota border...
and Highway 65
Highway 65 (Ontario)
King's Highway 65, commonly referred to as Highway 65, is a provincially maintained highway in the Canadian province of Ontario. The route begins at Highway 66 and travels southeast to the Quebec border...
pass through the city. The primary arterial route through Haileybury and New Liskeard also formerly held the business route
Business route
A business route in the United States and Canada is a short special route connected to a parent numbered highway at its beginning, then routed through the central business district of a nearby city or town, and finally reconnecting with the same parent numbered highway again at its...
designation Highway 11B.
Temiskaming Shores and Cobalt share a small public transit system, Tri-Town Transit.
The Northlander
Northlander
The Northlander is a Canadian passenger train operated by the Ontario Northland Railway in Ontario.It operates 6 days per week year-round in both directions and connects Cochrane with Toronto...
train service and Ontario Northland
Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services
Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services is a bus service operating in Ontario by the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission.Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services operates inter-city bus and parcel service between Toronto and locations in Central and Northern Ontario.There are two scheduled...
bus service make scheduled stops at New Liskeard railway station
New Liskeard railway station
The New Liskeard Railway Station is located on the north end of Jaffray Street in the city of Temiskaming Shores in Ontario, Canada.It is a stop for Northlander trains of Ontario Northland....
; the bus also stops in downtown Haileybury.
Shopping
The city is the economic and service hub to a population of approximately 32,500 from small communities in the surrounding region. Professional services and large retailers continue to open in the community to service regional customers from both Ontario and Quebec.The city's one shopping mall, Timiskaming Square, is located in the Dymond area.
Separate schools
- Ecole catholique Sainte-Croix, Ecole catholique Sacré-Coeur, Ecole catholique St-Michel, Ecole secondaire catholique Sainte-Marie (administered by Conseil scolaire catholique de district des Grandes-RivièresConseil scolaire catholique de district des Grandes-RivièresLe Conseil scolaire catholique de district des Grandes-Rivières is a French Catholic school board situated in northern Ontario. The easternmost region of the school board starts in Haileybury. The board covers much of the northern corridor of Highway 11 reaching as far north as Hearst...
) - English Catholic Central School, St. Patrick School (administered by Northeastern Catholic District School Board)
Public schools
- New Liskeard Public School, Haileybury Public School, Temiskaming District Secondary School (administered by District School Board Ontario North EastDistrict School Board Ontario North EastDistrict School Board Ontario North East, also known as DSBONE, is an English Public School Board serving Northeastern Ontario from Hearst to Temagami. The school board headquarters are located in Timmins, Ontario...
) - Ecole publique des Navigateurs (administered by Conseil scolaire de district du Nord-Est de l'OntarioConseil scolaire de district du Nord-Est de l'OntarioThe Conseil scolaire public du Nord-Est de l’Ontario manages the French-language schools in the north-east region of Ontario. The area in which this school board operates covers 46,714 km² of Ontario....
)
Colleges
Temiskaming Shores is home to satellite campuses of the anglophone Northern CollegeNorthern College
Northern College is a college of applied arts and technology in Northern Ontario. The College's catchment area extends across . More than 65 communities within Northeastern Ontario are served by four campuses located in Timmins , Kirkland Lake, Moosonee, and Haileybury. Annual enrolment is...
in Timmins
Timmins
Timmins is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada on the Mattagami River. At the time of the Canada 2006 Census, Timmins' population was 42,997...
and the francophone Collège Boréal
Collège Boréal
Collège Boréal is a francophone College of Applied Arts and Technology based and with its principal campus in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The college also has satellite campuses in Hearst, Kapuskasing, Timmins, Temiskaming Shores, Toronto and West Nipissing, as well as a network of access centres...
in Sudbury.
Radio
- 99.7 FM - CBON-2CBON-FMCBON-FM is a Canadian radio station. It broadcasts the Société Radio-Canada's Première Chaîne network at 98.1 FM in Sudbury, Ontario. The station also serves much of Northern Ontario through a network of relay transmitters.-History:...
, Première Chaîne - 102.3 FM - CBCYCBCS-FMCBCS-FM is a Canadian radio station. It is the CBC Radio One station in Sudbury, Ontario, broadcasting at 99.9 FM, and serves all of Northeastern Ontario through its network of relay transmitters.-History:The station was launched in 1978 on FM 99.9 MHz...
, CBC Radio OneCBC Radio OneCBC Radio One is the English language news and information radio network of the publicly-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. It is commercial free and offers both local and national programming... - 103.1 FM - CJBBCJBB-FMCJBB-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts a community radio format at 103.1 FM in Englehart, Ontario.Owned by Boyd Woods, the station received CRTC approval on September 9, 1999....
, communityCommunity radioCommunity radio is a type of radio service, that offers a third model of radio broadcasting beyond commercial broadcasting and public broadcasting. Community stations can serve geographic communities and communities of interest... - 103.5 FM - CHIM-4CHIM-FMCHIM-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts Christian music at 102.3 FM in Timmins, Ontario.The station began testing its signal at 102.3 MHz on December 24, 1995, and officially signed on April 7, 1996. The station has expanded through a network of rebroadcast transmitters in...
, religious - 104.5 FM - CJTTCJTT-FMCJTT-FM 104.5 is an FM radio station in Temiskaming Shores, Ontario, with a hot adult contemporary format. The station is co-owned with CJKL-FM in Kirkland Lake, by Connelly Communications Corporation.-History:...
, adult contemporary
Newspapers
Weekly community newspapers include The Haileybury Post,The Temiskaming Speaker, Le Reflet and The Temiskaming Speaker Weekender and the biweekly The Voice of the Shores.The city does not have its own daily newspaper, but is served by Kirkland Lake's Northern News
Northern News
The Northern News is a newspaper in Kirkland Lake, Ontario, Canada. It is owned and published by Sun Media.It was previously named the Northern Daily News, but was downsized to fit the population in the readership on June 1, 2004. It had been a daily newspaper for about 90 years, but now only...
, published three times a week by Sun Media
Sun Media
Sun Media Corporation is the owner of several widely read tabloid and broadsheet newspapers in Canada and the 49 percent owner of Sun News Network...
.