Teriberka
Encyclopedia
Teriberka is a rural locality (a selo) in Kolsky District
of Murmansk Oblast
, Russia
, located on the Barents Sea
coast, at the mouth of the Teriberka River
.
was actively being settled.
By the end of 19th century, it was well-developed: having a church, a lighthouse, and a weather station (the first one on the Murmansk coast).
Names of the geographical features of the area, such as Cape Deploranskogo, Zavalishina Lip, and others relate to the Peter's Great expedition.
In the beginning of the 20th century, Teriberka had well-developed cod
and shark
fishing
businesses (undertaken mostly by the Norwegians
who owned a factory and a store). By the end of the 1920s, the first collective farm
was organized in the village; it included a dairy farm
and a reindeer
herd in addition to the fishing boats.
Before World War II
, fishermen and dairy farm workers of the collective farm were honored several times for their achievements and were sent to the VDNKh
in Moscow
. A shipyard construction in the village of Lyudeyny started around the same time.
Teriberka developed quickly after the war. In the 1940s–1960s, there were two fishing farms, two dairy farms, a poultry
farm, a 2000-head reindeer herd, an American Mink
breeding farm, and two fish processing facilities in the village, as well as shops and warehouses of the White Sea base of Goslov (a government-sponsored organization of skilled workers). Repair facilities of the shipyard were working at their full capacity and were being expanded. Active construction of housing and public organizations was underway. The village had a stadium, a community center, workers' clubs of the shipyard, a fish processing facility, a Young Pioneers
club, two schools (elementary and secondary), a boarding school for children from the coastal settlements, one inpatient and one outpatient hospital, and an ambulance station.
Teriberka became the administrative center of a district and was growing and developing at a very fast rate.
The downfall began in the 1960s, when the district was transferred to the jurisdiction of the town of Severomorsk
. As ship tonnage increased and fishing fleets were able to travel more easily in the open ocean, the coastal fishing business became less important. A newly constructed fish processing complex in Murmansk put smaller processing facilities in Teriberka out of business.
During the process of "enlargement", the collective farm "Murmanets" was abolished along with its mink farm. Goslov' s White Sea base fell apart, the rein-deer herd was transferred to the village of Lovozero, and the fish processing plant was shut down because large fishing vessels were not able to enter the river from the ocean.
In the 1980s, a school of salmon
was destroyed during the construction of the Teriberka River
hydroelectric
plants. In the 2000s, the village was again subordinated to the district instead of the town of Severomorsk.
Kolsky District
Kolsky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the five in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Kola Peninsula and borders with the Barents Sea in the north and Finland in the west. The area of the district is . Its administrative center is...
of Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast
Murmansk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , located in the northwestern part of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Murmansk.-Geography:...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located on the Barents Sea
Barents Sea
The Barents Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located north of Norway and Russia. Known in the Middle Ages as the Murman Sea, the sea takes its current name from the Dutch navigator Willem Barents...
coast, at the mouth of the Teriberka River
Teriberka River
Teriberka River is a river in the north of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is 127 km in length, and flows into the Barents Sea about 50 km east of Murmansk. The area of its drainage basin is 2,227 km²....
.
History
As a settlement, Teriberka was first mentioned approximately in 1523. Eyewitnesses from that time period confirmed the appearance of permanent Russian settlers. However, according to other sources, it was founded in the 1860s—the decade when the Murman coastMurman Coast
The Murman Coast is a coastal area in Murmansk Oblast in northwest Russia. It is located on the southern side of the Barents Sea, between the Norway–Russia border and Cape Svyatoy Nos...
was actively being settled.
By the end of 19th century, it was well-developed: having a church, a lighthouse, and a weather station (the first one on the Murmansk coast).
Names of the geographical features of the area, such as Cape Deploranskogo, Zavalishina Lip, and others relate to the Peter's Great expedition.
In the beginning of the 20th century, Teriberka had well-developed cod
Cod
Cod is the common name for genus Gadus, belonging to the family Gadidae, and is also used in the common name for various other fishes. Cod is a popular food with a mild flavor, low fat content and a dense, flaky white flesh. Cod livers are processed to make cod liver oil, an important source of...
and shark
Shark
Sharks are a type of fish with a full cartilaginous skeleton and a highly streamlined body. The earliest known sharks date from more than 420 million years ago....
fishing
Fishing
Fishing is the activity of trying to catch wild fish. Fish are normally caught in the wild. Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping....
businesses (undertaken mostly by the Norwegians
Norwegians
Norwegians constitute both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway. They share a common culture and speak the Norwegian language. Norwegian people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in United States, Canada and Brazil.-History:Towards the end of the 3rd...
who owned a factory and a store). By the end of the 1920s, the first collective farm
Kolkhoz
A kolkhoz , plural kolkhozy, was a form of collective farming in the Soviet Union that existed along with state farms . The word is a contraction of коллекти́вное хозя́йство, or "collective farm", while sovkhoz is a contraction of советское хозяйство...
was organized in the village; it included a dairy farm
Dairy farming
Dairy farming is a class of agricultural, or an animal husbandry, enterprise, for long-term production of milk, usually from dairy cows but also from goats and sheep, which may be either processed on-site or transported to a dairy factory for processing and eventual retail sale.Most dairy farms...
and a reindeer
Reindeer
The reindeer , also known as the caribou in North America, is a deer from the Arctic and Subarctic, including both resident and migratory populations. While overall widespread and numerous, some of its subspecies are rare and one has already gone extinct.Reindeer vary considerably in color and size...
herd in addition to the fishing boats.
Before World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, fishermen and dairy farm workers of the collective farm were honored several times for their achievements and were sent to the VDNKh
All-Russia Exhibition Centre
All-Russia Exhibition Centre is a permanent general-purpose trade show in Moscow, Russia....
in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. A shipyard construction in the village of Lyudeyny started around the same time.
Teriberka developed quickly after the war. In the 1940s–1960s, there were two fishing farms, two dairy farms, a poultry
Poultry
Poultry are domesticated birds kept by humans for the purpose of producing eggs, meat, and/or feathers. These most typically are members of the superorder Galloanserae , especially the order Galliformes and the family Anatidae , commonly known as "waterfowl"...
farm, a 2000-head reindeer herd, an American Mink
American Mink
The American mink is a semi-aquatic species of Mustelid native to North America, though human intervention has expanded its range to many parts of Europe and South America. Because of this, it is classed as Least Concern by the IUCN. Since the extinction of the sea mink, the American mink is the...
breeding farm, and two fish processing facilities in the village, as well as shops and warehouses of the White Sea base of Goslov (a government-sponsored organization of skilled workers). Repair facilities of the shipyard were working at their full capacity and were being expanded. Active construction of housing and public organizations was underway. The village had a stadium, a community center, workers' clubs of the shipyard, a fish processing facility, a Young Pioneers
Pioneer movement
A pioneer movement is an organization for children operated by a communist party. Typically children enter into the organization in elementary school and continue until adolescence. The adolescents then typically joined the Young Communist League...
club, two schools (elementary and secondary), a boarding school for children from the coastal settlements, one inpatient and one outpatient hospital, and an ambulance station.
Teriberka became the administrative center of a district and was growing and developing at a very fast rate.
The downfall began in the 1960s, when the district was transferred to the jurisdiction of the town of Severomorsk
Severomorsk
Severomorsk is a closed town in Murmansk Oblast, Russia, located about north of Murmansk along the Kola Bay. Population: This is the main administrative base of the Russian Northern Fleet. Severomorsk has the largest drydock on the Kola Peninsula....
. As ship tonnage increased and fishing fleets were able to travel more easily in the open ocean, the coastal fishing business became less important. A newly constructed fish processing complex in Murmansk put smaller processing facilities in Teriberka out of business.
During the process of "enlargement", the collective farm "Murmanets" was abolished along with its mink farm. Goslov
In the 1980s, a school of salmon
Salmon
Salmon is the common name for several species of fish in the family Salmonidae. Several other fish in the same family are called trout; the difference is often said to be that salmon migrate and trout are resident, but this distinction does not strictly hold true...
was destroyed during the construction of the Teriberka River
Teriberka River
Teriberka River is a river in the north of the Kola Peninsula in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. It is 127 km in length, and flows into the Barents Sea about 50 km east of Murmansk. The area of its drainage basin is 2,227 km²....
hydroelectric
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy...
plants. In the 2000s, the village was again subordinated to the district instead of the town of Severomorsk.