Third Chinese domination (History of Vietnam)
Encyclopedia
The Third Chinese domination of Vietnam saw two Chinese imperial dynasties rule over the Chinese controlled region of Jiaozhou
(交州, Vietnamese: Giao Châu; an area of northern Vietnam roughly corresponding to the modern Hanoi
region.).
From 602-618, this area was under the late Sui Dynasty
, under three districts in the Red River Delta
. From 618-906, the Tang Dynasty
became the new Chinese rulers of Annam
. The mid-8th century saw the arrival of Islam.
Three times in Vietnam, natives revolted against Chinese rule, but usually a Chinese eunuch-general (as in one case) brutally crushed them all from 722 to 728, skinning, scalping, and creating pyramid mounds of 80,000 killed rebels.
Although Chinese governors were sent to rule over Annam, a series of local emperors were unofficial rulers under Chinese control:
Jiaozhou (region)
Jiaozhou is an ancient Chinese region. The territory defined by the region has been changed in different eras. Normally included modern North Vietnam and Guangxi...
(交州, Vietnamese: Giao Châu; an area of northern Vietnam roughly corresponding to the modern Hanoi
Hanoi
Hanoi , is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam...
region.).
From 602-618, this area was under the late Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty....
, under three districts in the Red River Delta
Red River Delta
The Red River Delta is the flat plain formed by the Red River and its distributaries joining in the Thai Binh River in northern Vietnam. The delta measuring some 15,000 square km is well protected by a network of dikes. It is an agriculturally rich area and densely populated...
. From 618-906, the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
became the new Chinese rulers of Annam
Annam (Chinese Province)
Annam or Jiaozhi was the southernmost province of the Chinese Empire. It is now part of present-day Vietnam...
. The mid-8th century saw the arrival of Islam.
Three times in Vietnam, natives revolted against Chinese rule, but usually a Chinese eunuch-general (as in one case) brutally crushed them all from 722 to 728, skinning, scalping, and creating pyramid mounds of 80,000 killed rebels.
Although Chinese governors were sent to rule over Annam, a series of local emperors were unofficial rulers under Chinese control:
- Lê Ngọc led a rebellion in the early 7th century,
- Lý Tự Tiên and Ðinh Kiến on 687,
- Mai Hắc Đế or Mai Thúc LoanMai Thúc LoanMai Thúc Loan Mai Thúc Loan Mai Thúc Loan (or Mai Huyền Thành (梅玄成), titled Mai Hắc Đế (梅黑帝, literally Mai the Black Emperor), was the Vietnamese leader of the 722 uprising against the rule of the Tang Dynasty in the region of Hoan and Ái provinces (now Thanh Hóa and Nghệ An of Vietnam)...
(Mai the Black Emperor) on 722 - Mai Thiếu Đế 722-723? - referred to as the Juvenile Emperor, he was the son of Mai Hắc Đế and ruled only briefly following his father's death and overrun by the 100,000 men strong Tang army,
- Bố Cái Đại Vương of Phùng HưngPhùng HungPhùng Hưng was a military leader who briefly reigned over Vietnam during the 8th century.According to Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư , Phùng Hưng, a native of Đường Lâm , was rich and possessed prodigious physical strength. In 791, Phùng Hưng and his brother, Phùng Hải, led a rebellion against the...
791-799 - called the Emperor the Great Father, - Phùng An 799-802 - son of Bố Cái Đại Vương and was defeated by the Tang army,
- Vương Quý Nguyên led a rebellion in 803,
- Dương Thanh led a rebellion in 819-820,
- Khúc Thừa DụKhúc Thừa DụKhúc Thừa Dụ or Khúc Tiên was a Vietnamese Jiedushi of Tĩnh Hải quân in early 10th century. Khúc Thừa Dụ was the head of the Khúc family in Hải Dương and was well-known by people in the region for his wealth and benevolence...
- a rich man who was admired by people, Khúc pushed out the Tang from the region, but later worked with the Tang to establish himself as the first Vietnamese governor who ended the practice of Chinese governorships in the region.