Thyssen Henschel UR-416
Encyclopedia
The Thyssen Henschel UR-416 is a German
armoured personnel carrier
, introduced in 1969 built from the same body as the Mercedes-Benz
Unimog
light truck
.
The UR-416 was developed as a private venture by Rheinstahl Maschinenbau (which later became Thyssen Maschinenbau and now is Henschel Wehrtechnik GmbH). The first prototype was completed in 1965 and production started in 1969 and 1,030 were built, mostly for the export market. The UR-416 series is no longer being marketed and has been replaced by the TM 170
, also now no longer being marketed. The UR-416 has been designed primarily for internal security operations but can also be used for a wide variety of other roles such as command and communications, reconnaissance and field workshop.
Eight infantry can be transported in the back, while the engine is the middle. There is one medium sized door on each side but not a rear. The high mobility is enhanced by the suspension of the typical project, high travel time to be affiliated to surface. Generally only light machine guns are fitted as armament, but other weapons can be arranged, for example, water cannon
s, as well as from 20mm gun turrets. There are versions as media workshop, ambulance vehicle, command vehicle.
Among the options there are a 5-ton winch, a night vision system, passive or active, shovel for removing obstacles, communication to the public through megaphones, and so forth. There are two weapons slits on each side.
Over 1,000 vehicles were exported to African, Middle East, and Europe. Often the medium is used for patrolling of sensitive targets such as airports, or to tasks of public policy. Rarely is it used for tasks of armed force as a vehicle to transport standard for the army, not in Europe, where they are needed most modern vehicles.
Overall it is very similar to the vehicle the ACMAT
TPK 4.2 PSF, both are derived from the trucks of military success with a load capacity is used for the metal shell. Both methods are low cost, limited performance, but with a high efficiency and compatibility with the line of trucks logistics, and similar vehicles are often the only alternative for armies poorly resourced Financial or air forces or paramilitaries.
Command and Communications - May be fitted with additional communications equipment and map boards.
Internal Security - The internal security model can be fitted with an obstacle-clearing blade at the front of the hull. The lower half of the blade is made of welded steel with web stiffening, and the upper half consists of a pipe framework with a robust wire grille which gives the driver and commander forward observation. The height of the blade can be adjusted hydraulically from the driver's seat and it can also be removed for transport when it is usually stowed at the rear of the hull. The vehicle can be fitted with the same turrets as the reconnaissance model but one cupola has been specifically developed for the internal security role. This cupola can be rotated through 360° and is infinitely lockable in any required position. At the front of the cupola above each other are two vision blocks with bulletproof glass and ball mounts. The cupola hatch opens to the rear and can be locked at 180°. Two vision blocks with ball mounts and a further 10 vision blocks (in double rows) give improved observation. To the right of the two ball mounts is a flap which is opened to hold a tear gas nozzle. Tear gas mixture is provided from tanks which hold a maximum of 500 litres.
Reconnaissance - This could be fitted with many types of weapons turrets.
Maintenance/Repair Workshop - This has a full range of tools, work benches, a vice and cutting equipment, and an A-frame can be erected at the front of the hull to enable the vehicle to change engines and other components. When the A-frame is in use, two stabilisers are lowered at the front of the hull.
Police - The vehicle can be equipped as a police vehicle with (e.g. Mine-sweeping shield, search headlight) or more militarily (e.g. Tire pressure adjustment system, NBC protection facility, night-vision devices) additional devices to be modular equipped, and with turrets with machine guns or a 20mm-cannon can be used.
assembled at their workshops in the refugee camps of West Beirut some eight armoured cars and differed little from the original UR-416 design. Minor details could be found in the positioning of the headlights, which were bolted to the side of the engine compartment and protected by a box-shaped brush guard, instead of being mounted on top as per in the West German model.
They were first displayed publicly at a PLO parade held at Beirut in April 1981, some of them fitted with roof-top Sagger
or ENTAC
anti-tank rocket systems though period photos show that they were more often armed with a single Browning M1919A4
.30 caliber (7.62mm) or M2HB .50 Browning (12.7 x 99mm) heavy machine gun
s mounted in the roof.
. In October 1976 the Rhodesian Army
’s special counterinsurgency unit, the Selous Scouts
, decided to build two armoured vehicles of this type for their cross-border covert raids (‘externals’) on guerrilla bases in neighbouring Mozambique
. Plans were drawn by the Rhodesian Corps of Engineers’(RhEME) drawing office from a commercial brochure and the vehicles were assembled in just 3 weeks at the Army Workshops of Inkomo Garrison by a team of skilled Scouts using South African Iscor
6mm ballistic steel plates. Unlike other Rhodesian armoured vehicles however, they were not protected against landmines. Nicknamed the ‘Pig’, the first vehicle was an exact copy of the original design, having an all-welded body with a fully enclosed troop compartment. The second ‘Pig’ differed slightly, having a raised roof over the driver and commander seats, a rear door and an open-top troop compartment at the back, which allowed provision for three FN MAG
58 7.62 x 51mm NATO light machine guns to be installed on pivot mounts mounted on the vehicle’s inner side walls. For additional firepower, the vehicles were often armed with twin M2 .50 Browning (12.7 x 99mm) heavy machine guns or modified Mk5 20mm Hispano-Suiza
autocannons taken from old Rhodesian Air Force Vampire Mk9
single-seater fighter jets and mounted on a pintle fitted with a gun shield to protect the gunner.
The design of the UR-416 provided the basis which inspired the Rhodesians to develop the more advanced and highly successful Mine Protected Combat Vehicle - MPCV in 1978-79.
in June 1982 and it is now in display at the Batey ha-Osef museum, Tel Aviv
, Israel
. The pro-Israeli Christian Lebanese Forces
(LF) militia also managed to salvage another such vehicle in early 1983, which one of their ‘Commando’ units employed at the Sidon
bridgehead in 1985 against the locally-based Popular Nasserite Organization
(PNO) militia. This particular vehicle was later captured from the LF by the PNO who quickly pressed it into service, remaining in their hands until the end of the Lebanese Civil War
in October 1990. The fate of the remaining 6 vehicles is unknown, with various sources stating that they were left uncompleted in their West Beirut workshops and were later destroyed in the violent clashes that ravaged the Lebanese Capital in the 1980s.
The Rhodesian ‘Pigs’ were successfully tested in combat by a Selous Scouts
’ flying mini-column that raided two ZANLA camps on the Mapai
area of southern Mozambique
in late 1976 (Operation “Mardon”), though their lack of mine-protection was found to be a major drawback. Despite its flaws, the vehicles served well the Selous Scouts in their operations and even after the disbandment of the unit in 1980 they remained at the service of the new Zimbabwe National Army
(ZNA) for several more years.
, with Alert Police,,,,, 45 in service with the Pakistan National Guard,,,,, Spanish Police,,, with the Venezuelan National Guard
.
Zimbabwe), 2 in service with the Selous Scouts
passed on to successor state., 8 in service with the Palestinian Liberation Organization in Lebanon
., one ex-PLO vehicle in service with the Lebanese Forces
and later the Popular Nasserite Organization
.
or pop culture. Its only major film appearance was in the 1984 movie Sheena
, wherein one was used by the Colonel Jorgensen (John Forgeham
) and his small army of soldier mercenaries, the Black Berets.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
armoured personnel carrier
Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier is an armoured fighting vehicle designed to transport infantry to the battlefield.APCs are usually armed with only a machine gun although variants carry recoilless rifles, anti-tank guided missiles , or mortars...
, introduced in 1969 built from the same body as the Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz
Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of automobiles, buses, coaches, and trucks. Mercedes-Benz is a division of its parent company, Daimler AG...
Unimog
Unimog
Unimog is a range of multi-purpose auto four wheel drive medium trucks produced by Mercedes-Benz, a division of Daimler AG. The name Unimog is pronounced in German and is an acronym for the German "UNIversal-MOtor-Gerät", Gerät being the German word for machine or device...
light truck
Light truck
Light truck or light duty truck is a U.S. classification for trucks or truck-based vehicles with a payload capacity of less than 4,000 pounds...
.
Development
Overseas, there were many UNIMOG customers and many of them would welcome a version with an armoured ruggedized chassis. So in 1965 this form was designed based on a Unimog 4x4 chassis. The UR-416 was produced from 1969 only for export. The hull is welded steel up to 9mm thick, the driving position is in front, where there is also that of vehicle commander.The UR-416 was developed as a private venture by Rheinstahl Maschinenbau (which later became Thyssen Maschinenbau and now is Henschel Wehrtechnik GmbH). The first prototype was completed in 1965 and production started in 1969 and 1,030 were built, mostly for the export market. The UR-416 series is no longer being marketed and has been replaced by the TM 170
TM 170
The TM-170 is an armored personnel carrier of Germany. It was designed in 1979 by Thyssen-Henschel , and is currently produced as needed. In addition to its service with Germany, it is also in service with Kuwait and Macedonia.-Usage:The TM-170 is designed to transport troops under light armor...
, also now no longer being marketed. The UR-416 has been designed primarily for internal security operations but can also be used for a wide variety of other roles such as command and communications, reconnaissance and field workshop.
Description
The UR-416 is essentially the chassis of a Mercedes-Benz Unimog cross-country vehicle fitted with an armoured body. Spare automotive parts are identical to those used in the truck and are therefore available from commercial sources.Eight infantry can be transported in the back, while the engine is the middle. There is one medium sized door on each side but not a rear. The high mobility is enhanced by the suspension of the typical project, high travel time to be affiliated to surface. Generally only light machine guns are fitted as armament, but other weapons can be arranged, for example, water cannon
Water cannon
A water cannon is a device that shoots a high-pressure stream of water. Typically, a water cannon can deliver a large volume of water, often over dozens of metres / hundreds of feet. They are used in firefighting and riot control. Most water cannon fall under the category of a fire...
s, as well as from 20mm gun turrets. There are versions as media workshop, ambulance vehicle, command vehicle.
Among the options there are a 5-ton winch, a night vision system, passive or active, shovel for removing obstacles, communication to the public through megaphones, and so forth. There are two weapons slits on each side.
Over 1,000 vehicles were exported to African, Middle East, and Europe. Often the medium is used for patrolling of sensitive targets such as airports, or to tasks of public policy. Rarely is it used for tasks of armed force as a vehicle to transport standard for the army, not in Europe, where they are needed most modern vehicles.
Overall it is very similar to the vehicle the ACMAT
ACMAT
ACMAT , is a French producer of cross-country and tactical military vehicles since 1958...
TPK 4.2 PSF, both are derived from the trucks of military success with a load capacity is used for the metal shell. Both methods are low cost, limited performance, but with a high efficiency and compatibility with the line of trucks logistics, and similar vehicles are often the only alternative for armies poorly resourced Financial or air forces or paramilitaries.
Variants
Ambulance - Carries eight sitting, or four sitting and two stretcher patients plus a crew of two.Command and Communications - May be fitted with additional communications equipment and map boards.
Internal Security - The internal security model can be fitted with an obstacle-clearing blade at the front of the hull. The lower half of the blade is made of welded steel with web stiffening, and the upper half consists of a pipe framework with a robust wire grille which gives the driver and commander forward observation. The height of the blade can be adjusted hydraulically from the driver's seat and it can also be removed for transport when it is usually stowed at the rear of the hull. The vehicle can be fitted with the same turrets as the reconnaissance model but one cupola has been specifically developed for the internal security role. This cupola can be rotated through 360° and is infinitely lockable in any required position. At the front of the cupola above each other are two vision blocks with bulletproof glass and ball mounts. The cupola hatch opens to the rear and can be locked at 180°. Two vision blocks with ball mounts and a further 10 vision blocks (in double rows) give improved observation. To the right of the two ball mounts is a flap which is opened to hold a tear gas nozzle. Tear gas mixture is provided from tanks which hold a maximum of 500 litres.
Reconnaissance - This could be fitted with many types of weapons turrets.
Maintenance/Repair Workshop - This has a full range of tools, work benches, a vice and cutting equipment, and an A-frame can be erected at the front of the hull to enable the vehicle to change engines and other components. When the A-frame is in use, two stabilisers are lowered at the front of the hull.
Police - The vehicle can be equipped as a police vehicle with (e.g. Mine-sweeping shield, search headlight) or more militarily (e.g. Tire pressure adjustment system, NBC protection facility, night-vision devices) additional devices to be modular equipped, and with turrets with machine guns or a 20mm-cannon can be used.
Unauthorized variants
In the late 1970s the UR-416 begun to be copied by some countries subjected to arms embargoes and guerrilla organizations which were unable to acquire it legally.PLO
The Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) guerrilla factions based in LebanonLebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
assembled at their workshops in the refugee camps of West Beirut some eight armoured cars and differed little from the original UR-416 design. Minor details could be found in the positioning of the headlights, which were bolted to the side of the engine compartment and protected by a box-shaped brush guard, instead of being mounted on top as per in the West German model.
They were first displayed publicly at a PLO parade held at Beirut in April 1981, some of them fitted with roof-top Sagger
AT-3 Sagger
The 9K11 Malyutka is a Manual Command to Line-of-Sight wire-guided anti-tank guided missile developed in the Soviet Union. It was the first man-portable anti-tank guided missile of the Soviet Union and is probably the most widely produced ATGM of all time—with Soviet production peaking at...
or ENTAC
ENTAC
Entac or MGM-32A was a French MCLOS wire-guided Anti-tank missile. Developed in the early 1950s, the missile entered service with the French army in 1957...
anti-tank rocket systems though period photos show that they were more often armed with a single Browning M1919A4
M1919 Browning machine gun
The M1919 Browning is a .30 caliber medium machine gun that was widely used during the 20th century. It was used as a light infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft, and anti-aircraft machine gun by the U.S. and many other countries, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War...
.30 caliber (7.62mm) or M2HB .50 Browning (12.7 x 99mm) heavy machine gun
Heavy machine gun
The heavy machine gun or HMG is a larger class of machine gun generally recognized to refer to two separate stages of machine gun development. The term was originally used to refer to the early generation of machine guns which came into widespread use in World War I...
s mounted in the roof.
Rhodesia
Another country to produce clandestine copies of the UR-416 in the 1970s was RhodesiaRhodesia
Rhodesia , officially the Republic of Rhodesia from 1970, was an unrecognised state located in southern Africa that existed between 1965 and 1979 following its Unilateral Declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965...
. In October 1976 the Rhodesian Army
Rhodesian Army
The Rhodesian Security Forces consisted of the Rhodesian Army, Royal Rhodesian Air Force, British South Africa Police, Rhodesian Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Guard Force.- Rhodesian Army :...
’s special counterinsurgency unit, the Selous Scouts
Selous Scouts
The Selous Scouts was a special forces regiment of the Rhodesian Army, which operated from 1973 until the introduction of majority rule in 1980. It was named after British explorer Frederick Courteney Selous , and their motto was pamwe chete, which, in the Shona language, roughly means "all...
, decided to build two armoured vehicles of this type for their cross-border covert raids (‘externals’) on guerrilla bases in neighbouring Mozambique
Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
. Plans were drawn by the Rhodesian Corps of Engineers’(RhEME) drawing office from a commercial brochure and the vehicles were assembled in just 3 weeks at the Army Workshops of Inkomo Garrison by a team of skilled Scouts using South African Iscor
Iscor
Mittal Steel South Africa is part of the steel company Arcelor-Mittal. The company was originally Iscor Limited, a South African parastatal steel company...
6mm ballistic steel plates. Unlike other Rhodesian armoured vehicles however, they were not protected against landmines. Nicknamed the ‘Pig’, the first vehicle was an exact copy of the original design, having an all-welded body with a fully enclosed troop compartment. The second ‘Pig’ differed slightly, having a raised roof over the driver and commander seats, a rear door and an open-top troop compartment at the back, which allowed provision for three FN MAG
FN MAG
The FN MAG is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, designed in the early 1950s at Fabrique Nationale by Ernest Vervier. It has been used by more than 80 countries, and it has been made under licence in countries such as Argentina, Egypt, India, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the...
58 7.62 x 51mm NATO light machine guns to be installed on pivot mounts mounted on the vehicle’s inner side walls. For additional firepower, the vehicles were often armed with twin M2 .50 Browning (12.7 x 99mm) heavy machine guns or modified Mk5 20mm Hispano-Suiza
Hispano-Suiza
Hispano-Suiza was a Spanish automotive and engineering firm, best known for its luxury cars and aviation engines in the pre-World War II period of the twentieth century. In 1923, its French subsidiary became a semi-autonomous partnership with the parent company and is now part of the French SAFRAN...
autocannons taken from old Rhodesian Air Force Vampire Mk9
De Havilland Vampire
The de Havilland DH.100 Vampire was a British jet-engine fighter commissioned by the Royal Air Force during the Second World War. Following the Gloster Meteor, it was the second jet fighter to enter service with the RAF. Although it arrived too late to see combat during the war, the Vampire served...
single-seater fighter jets and mounted on a pintle fitted with a gun shield to protect the gunner.
The design of the UR-416 provided the basis which inspired the Rhodesians to develop the more advanced and highly successful Mine Protected Combat Vehicle - MPCV in 1978-79.
Combat history
At least one PLO UR-416 was captured in West Beirut by the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) in the wake of the Israeli invasion of LebanonIsraeli invasion of Lebanon
The Israeli invasion of Lebanon could refer to:*The Israeli invasion of Lebanon in the 1978 South Lebanon conflict;*The Israeli invasion of Lebanon in the 1982 Lebanon War;*The Israeli invasion of Lebanon in the 1993 Lebanon War;...
in June 1982 and it is now in display at the Batey ha-Osef museum, Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv
Tel Aviv , officially Tel Aviv-Yafo , is the second most populous city in Israel, with a population of 404,400 on a land area of . The city is located on the Israeli Mediterranean coastline in west-central Israel. It is the largest and most populous city in the metropolitan area of Gush Dan, with...
, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
. The pro-Israeli Christian Lebanese Forces
Lebanese Forces
The Lebanese Forces is a Lebanese political party. Founded as a militia by Bachir Gemayel during the Lebanese Civil War, the movement fought as the main militia within the Christian-dominated Lebanese Front...
(LF) militia also managed to salvage another such vehicle in early 1983, which one of their ‘Commando’ units employed at the Sidon
Sidon
Sidon or Saïda is the third-largest city in Lebanon. It is located in the South Governorate of Lebanon, on the Mediterranean coast, about 40 km north of Tyre and 40 km south of the capital Beirut. In Genesis, Sidon is the son of Canaan the grandson of Noah...
bridgehead in 1985 against the locally-based Popular Nasserite Organization
Popular Nasserite Organization
The Popular Nasserist Organization – PNO or Organisation Populaire Nassérienne in French, is a Sidon-based Nasserist party originally formed in 1973 by Maarouf Saad, a Sunni Pan-Arab politician and member of Parliament later killed by the Lebanese Army during a February 1975 dock strike held...
(PNO) militia. This particular vehicle was later captured from the LF by the PNO who quickly pressed it into service, remaining in their hands until the end of the Lebanese Civil War
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon. The war lasted from 1975 to 1990 and resulted in an estimated 150,000 to 230,000 civilian fatalities. Another one million people were wounded, and today approximately 350,000 people remain displaced. There was also a mass exodus of...
in October 1990. The fate of the remaining 6 vehicles is unknown, with various sources stating that they were left uncompleted in their West Beirut workshops and were later destroyed in the violent clashes that ravaged the Lebanese Capital in the 1980s.
The Rhodesian ‘Pigs’ were successfully tested in combat by a Selous Scouts
Selous Scouts
The Selous Scouts was a special forces regiment of the Rhodesian Army, which operated from 1973 until the introduction of majority rule in 1980. It was named after British explorer Frederick Courteney Selous , and their motto was pamwe chete, which, in the Shona language, roughly means "all...
’ flying mini-column that raided two ZANLA camps on the Mapai
Mapai
Mapai was a left-wing political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the Israeli Labor Party in 1968...
area of southern Mozambique
Mozambique
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest...
in late 1976 (Operation “Mardon”), though their lack of mine-protection was found to be a major drawback. Despite its flaws, the vehicles served well the Selous Scouts in their operations and even after the disbandment of the unit in 1980 they remained at the service of the new Zimbabwe National Army
Zimbabwe National Army
The Zimbabwe National Army is the land warfare branch of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. The ZNA currently has an active duty strength of 30,000.-History:...
(ZNA) for several more years.
Operators
Current user countries of the UR-416 are:,,, 8 in service with the Salvadoran ArmySalvadoran Army
The Salvadoran Army or Ejército Salvadoreño is the land branch and largest of the Military of El Salvador. In 2006 the government of El Salvador approached the Israeli ambassador to El Salvador seeking assistance in modernizing its army.-The Football War:...
, with Alert Police,,,,, 45 in service with the Pakistan National Guard,,,,, Spanish Police,,, with the Venezuelan National Guard
Venezuelan National Guard
The Venezuelan National Guard , also called the Armed Forces of Cooperation , is one of the four components of the National Armed Forces of Venezuela. The National Guard can serve as gendarmerie, perform civil defense roles, or serve as a reserve light infantry force...
.
Former operators
(now Zimbabwe), 2 in service with the Selous ScoutsSelous Scouts
The Selous Scouts was a special forces regiment of the Rhodesian Army, which operated from 1973 until the introduction of majority rule in 1980. It was named after British explorer Frederick Courteney Selous , and their motto was pamwe chete, which, in the Shona language, roughly means "all...
passed on to successor state., 8 in service with the Palestinian Liberation Organization in Lebanon
Lebanon
Lebanon , officially the Republic of LebanonRepublic of Lebanon is the most common term used by Lebanese government agencies. The term Lebanese Republic, a literal translation of the official Arabic and French names that is not used in today's world. Arabic is the most common language spoken among...
., one ex-PLO vehicle in service with the Lebanese Forces
Lebanese Forces
The Lebanese Forces is a Lebanese political party. Founded as a militia by Bachir Gemayel during the Lebanese Civil War, the movement fought as the main militia within the Christian-dominated Lebanese Front...
and later the Popular Nasserite Organization
Popular Nasserite Organization
The Popular Nasserist Organization – PNO or Organisation Populaire Nassérienne in French, is a Sidon-based Nasserist party originally formed in 1973 by Maarouf Saad, a Sunni Pan-Arab politician and member of Parliament later killed by the Lebanese Army during a February 1975 dock strike held...
.
Pop culture
The UR-416 made few appearances in filmFilm
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
or pop culture. Its only major film appearance was in the 1984 movie Sheena
Sheena (film)
Sheena is a 1984 Columbia Pictures film based on a comic-book character that first appeared in the late 1930s, Sheena, Queen of the Jungle.A hybrid of action-adventure and soap opera-style drama, Sheena was shot on location in Kenya...
, wherein one was used by the Colonel Jorgensen (John Forgeham
John Forgeham
John Forgeham is a British actor who is probably best known for playing businessman Frank Laslett in the ITV series Footballers' Wives....
) and his small army of soldier mercenaries, the Black Berets.
See also
- ACMATACMATACMAT , is a French producer of cross-country and tactical military vehicles since 1958...
- Selous ScoutsSelous ScoutsThe Selous Scouts was a special forces regiment of the Rhodesian Army, which operated from 1973 until the introduction of majority rule in 1980. It was named after British explorer Frederick Courteney Selous , and their motto was pamwe chete, which, in the Shona language, roughly means "all...
- Mine Protected Combat Vehicle - MPCV
- Mercedes-Benz Unimog