Timeline of Ayyavazhi history
Encyclopedia
The purpose of this chronology
is to give a detailed account of Ayyavazhi
from the beginning of the incarnational events of Vaikundar to the present time. Question marks on dates indicate approximate dates. A star (*) indicates the mentioning of that particular date in Akilam or Arul Nool
. All dates but a few are found in the Tamil
calendar and so doesn't coincide exactly with the months of the Gregorian calendar
. The dates may span over any halves of the two consecutive months (Gregorian).
Chronology
Chronology is the science of arranging events in their order of occurrence in time, such as the use of a timeline or sequence of events. It is also "the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events".Chronology is part of periodization...
is to give a detailed account of Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi
Ayyavazhi is a dharmic belief system that originated in South India in the 19th century. It is cited as an independent monistic religion by several newspapers, government reports and academic researchers. In Indian censuses, however, the majority of its followers declare themselves as Hindus...
from the beginning of the incarnational events of Vaikundar to the present time. Question marks on dates indicate approximate dates. A star (*) indicates the mentioning of that particular date in Akilam or Arul Nool
Arul Nool
The Arul Nool is a supplement to the Akilattirattu Ammanai, and is likewise considered a holy scripture of Ayyavazhi, an offshoot sect of Hinduism. This book contains the collection of messages given by Ayya Vaikundar to his Disciples , whose names are unknown...
. All dates but a few are found in the Tamil
Tamil people
Tamil people , also called Tamils or Tamilians, are an ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, India and the north-eastern region of Sri Lanka. Historic and post 15th century emigrant communities are also found across the world, notably Malaysia, Singapore, Mauritius, South Africa, Australia, Canada,...
calendar and so doesn't coincide exactly with the months of the Gregorian calendar
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar, also known as the Western calendar, or Christian calendar, is the internationally accepted civil calendar. It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII, after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582, a papal bull known by its opening words Inter...
. The dates may span over any halves of the two consecutive months (Gregorian).
Incarnational preparation era
- 1809 March/April ? - The activities related to the incarnationIncarnationIncarnation literally means embodied in flesh or taking on flesh. It refers to the conception and birth of a sentient creature who is the material manifestation of an entity, god or force whose original nature is immaterial....
of Vaikundar begins with the birth of SampooranathevanSampooranathevanSampooranathevan is a mythical figure found in Ayyavazhi mythology. He was considered a powerful Deva of Deiva Loga.- Love with Para Devathai :...
as Mudisoodum Perumal in Poovandanthoppe with the incarnational body of Vaikundar as per Akilattirattu AmmanaiAkilattirattu AmmanaiAkilathirattu Ammanai , also called Thiru Edu , is the main religious text of the Tamil belief system Ayyavazhi...
the source of Ayyavazhi mythologyAyyavazhi mythologyAyyavazhi mythology is the mythology of the growing South Indian religious faith and a sect of Hinduism known as Ayyavazhi. The main source of Ayyavazhi mythology is the Ayyavazhi scripture, Akilattirattu Ammanai, and its supplement, Arul Nool. The Akilattirattu Ammanai is a recitation by Mayon to...
. - 1825 - Mudisoodum Perumal at his age of Seventeen lived with Paradevathai, a native of Pooviyoor a village near ThamaraikulamThamaraikulamThamaraikulam is a panchayat town in periyakulam taluk of Theni district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Gandhinagar, Bangalapatti, Thamaraikulam, Thasildar nagar these are important wards in this village.-Demographics:...
. - 1831 - Mudisoodum Perumal fall ill
- 1833 February 28 - The relatives and neighbours along with the mother of Mudisoodum Perumal carried him in a cradle to TiruchendurTiruchendurThiruchendur is a panchayat town in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This town has a different name called Thirucheer Alaiwai.-Demographics:...
as told by god in the dream of Veyilal. - 1833 March 1 – They stayed on the way
- 1833 March 2 – The incarnational body of Vaikundar was taken into the sea by the two celestialCelestial- Science :* Sky objects, bodies and the following astronomy terms:** Astronomical objects, see for detailed description of celestial bodies and objects** Celestia, a 3D astronomy program that allows users to travel through the universe...
sagesWise old manThe wise old man is an archetype as described by Carl Jung, as well as a classic literary figure, and may be seen as a stock character...
. - 1833 March 3 – The Vinchai given by NarayanaNarayanaNarayana or Narayan or Naraina is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu, and in many contemporary vernaculars a common Indian name. Narayana is also identified as the original man, Purusha. The Puranas present divergent views on Narayana...
, the Father to the Son Vaikundar.
Incarnational era
- 1833* March 4 – Vaikundar incarnated in the world and raised from the sea of Tiruchendur, took the Human bodyHuman bodyThe human body is the entire structure of a human organism, and consists of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs.By the time the human reaches adulthood, the body consists of close to 100 trillion cells, the basic unit of life...
from Tharuvaiyur of Thoothukudi DistrictThoothukudi DistrictThoothukudi District, also known as Tuticorin District, is a district of Tamil Nadu state in southern India. Thoothukudi is the district headquarters. It is also known for Pearl cultivation with abundance of pearls found in the seas of Thoothukudi...
. - 1833 March 5 – Vaikundar stayed in UdangudiUdangudiUdangudi is a Panchayat town in Thoothukudi district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is a small village in Tamil Nadu, India situated near Thiruchendur. The village was once known for Vetrilai and Karupatti.-Demographics:...
. - 1833 March 6 – Vaikundar reached Swamithoppe.
- 1833 -34 December/January – The first phase of the Tavam of VaikundarTavam of VaikundarAccording to Akilattirattu Ammanai, For ten months, Ayya Vaikundar revealed to the people all about the past, present, and future in the form of songs. He sang definitively about the future. Some of those who heard him, took his words as meaningless mutterings...
begins. - 1836 November/December – The second phase of the Tavam (penance) begins.
- 1837 - 38 December/January – The third phase of the Tavam begins.
- 1839 November/December – The king of TravancoreTravancoreKingdom of Travancore was a former Hindu feudal kingdom and Indian Princely State with its capital at Padmanabhapuram or Trivandrum ruled by the Travancore Royal Family. The Kingdom of Travancore comprised most of modern day southern Kerala, Kanyakumari district, and the southernmost parts of...
, Swathi Thirunal Rama VarmaSwathi Thirunal Rama VarmaSri Swathi Thirunal Rama Varma was the Maharaja of the state of Travancore , in India. He reigned under the regency of his mother Maharani Gowri Lakshmi Bayi from 1813 till 1815 and henceforth under the regency of his aunt Maharani Gowri Parvati Bayi from 1815 till 1829...
reached Suchindrum on a state visit. - 1840* March 3 – After the encounter with the King Swathi Thirunal, Ayya's devotees started their journey carrying Ayya Vaikundar to swamithoppe from ThiruvananthapuramThiruvananthapuramThiruvananthapuram , formerly known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the Indian state of Kerala and the headquarters of the Thiruvananthapuram District. It is located on the west coast of India near the extreme south of the mainland...
in a VahanaVahanaVāhana denotes the being, typically an animal or mythical entity, a particular deva is said to use as a vehicle. In this capacity, the vāhana is often called the deity's mount. Upon the partnership between the deva and his vāhana is woven much iconography and mythology...
. - 1840 March 4 – They reached Swamithoppe.
- 1840 March – The Tuvayal Pandarams begins the Tuvayal Thavasu at VakaippathiVakaippathiVakaippathi, one among the Panchappathis is a holy site for the People of Ayyavazhi.Vakaippathi is the place situated 4 km northeast to Kanyakumari in the seashore near vattakkotai. This is the place where 700 families from Swamithoppe were sent to Thuvayal Thavasu by Ayya Vaikundar; they were...
as per the instructions of Vaikundar. - 1840 July/August – The second MuttappathiMuttappathiMutta Pathi , is one of the Pancha pathi, which are the primary centers for worship of the Ayyavazhi. This is the third important pilgrim center of Ayyavazhi...
Vinchai given to Vaikundar by NarayanaNarayanaNarayana or Narayan or Naraina is an important Sanskrit name for Vishnu, and in many contemporary vernaculars a common Indian name. Narayana is also identified as the original man, Purusha. The Puranas present divergent views on Narayana...
inside the sea. - 1840 August/September – As per the order of God, they quit VakaippathiVakaippathiVakaippathi, one among the Panchappathis is a holy site for the People of Ayyavazhi.Vakaippathi is the place situated 4 km northeast to Kanyakumari in the seashore near vattakkotai. This is the place where 700 families from Swamithoppe were sent to Thuvayal Thavasu by Ayya Vaikundar; they were...
and reached Muttappathi and completed the remaining phase of the Thavasu. - 1840 August/September – The first Kodiyettru ThirunalKodiyettru ThirunalKodiyettru Thirunal is the festival celebrated in Swamithoppepathi for eleven days by the followers of the Ayyavazhi. This is celebrated three times annually during the Tamil months of Aavani, Thai and Vaikaasi. The festival for the month of Vaikasi is considered the most sacred and is celebrated...
celebrated in Swamithope pathiSwamithope PathiSwamithoppe Pathi , Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavai-pathi, Thamarai-pathi or Thalaimaippathi [Thalaimai + pathi] is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam...
. - 1840 August/September – Ayya unified the Seven Virgins into himself as per their request.
- 1840 November/December – The Six-year Tavam of VaikundarTavam of VaikundarAccording to Akilattirattu Ammanai, For ten months, Ayya Vaikundar revealed to the people all about the past, present, and future in the form of songs. He sang definitively about the future. Some of those who heard him, took his words as meaningless mutterings...
came to an end. - 1840 – Muthiri kinaruMuthiri kinaruMuthiri kinaru Muthiri + Kinaru means "The sealed well". It is the sacred well located in the north-western corner of Swamithoppe village. This is the famous theertha of the temple...
started immediately after the Tavam of Vaikundar (as per oral traditions). - 1840* December – Hari Gopalan Citar woke up at night following an abnormal dream in which God commissioned him to write the Akilam by giving him the first syllable of The Kappu.
- 1841 January/February - The first Thai Thirunal of Swamithoppe PathiPathiPathi is the name of the primary centres of congregational worship for the South Indian religious system of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple...
begins. - 1841 March 4 – The Ayya Vaikunda AvataramAyya Vaikunda AvataramThe Ayya Vaikunda Avataram is a festival celebrated by the followers of Ayyavazhi on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date on which the Ayyavazhi followers believe that Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea at Thiruchendur as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of Kali and...
celebrated for the first time. - 1848 February/March – Ayya along with the followers and virgins reached AmbalappathiAmbalappathiAmbala Pathi , also called as Pallathu pathi or Moolakunda pathi is one of the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, and the second important pilgrim centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have unified all divine power into himself by symbolic marriages.According to Ayyavazhi...
. - 1848 March/April – The work for the famous Tattuva Kottakai Project begins under the leadership of Perumal Nadar of Paloor.
- 1849 February/March – People celebrated the 16th Ayya Vaikunda AvataramAyya Vaikunda AvataramThe Ayya Vaikunda Avataram is a festival celebrated by the followers of Ayyavazhi on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date on which the Ayyavazhi followers believe that Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea at Thiruchendur as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of Kali and...
in AmbalappathiAmbalappathiAmbala Pathi , also called as Pallathu pathi or Moolakunda pathi is one of the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, and the second important pilgrim centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have unified all divine power into himself by symbolic marriages.According to Ayyavazhi...
in the Presence of Vaikundar. He also organized the Sevvay Thirunal (Tuesday Festival) in Ambalappathi. - 1849 July/August - Ayya took the form of an age old man with the name Roma Rishi to bring Kumari Bhakavathi to Ambalappathi. He also organized and dedicated the celebration for Kumari Bhakavathi in Ambalappathi.
- 1849 July/August – After unifying the seven deities into himself, Ayya returned to Swamithoppe.
- 1850 January/February – The foundation stone for the Thangal of Sunda Vilai laid; Ayya participated in the function.
- 1850 March 4 – The foundation stone for the Thangal of Kadambankulam laid. Ayya participated in the function; The seventeenth Ayya Vaikunda AvataramAyya Vaikunda AvataramThe Ayya Vaikunda Avataram is a festival celebrated by the followers of Ayyavazhi on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date on which the Ayyavazhi followers believe that Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea at Thiruchendur as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of Kali and...
was celebrated by the people along with Ayya there. - 1850 August/September – Ayya married Bhooma Devi and unified into himself.
- 1851* June 3 – Ayya attained Vaikundam.
Post Incarnational era
- 1871 June/July – The first Flagmast of Swamithope pathiSwamithope PathiSwamithoppe Pathi , Swamithoppu-pathi, Manavai-pathi, Thamarai-pathi or Thalaimaippathi [Thalaimai + pathi] is the primary pathi of the Ayyavazhi, the head of all Worship centers of Ayyavazhi, and the place where Ayya Vaikundar is said to have performed the Tavam...
constructed. - 1871 August/September – The first Kodiyettru ThirunalKodiyettru ThirunalKodiyettru Thirunal is the festival celebrated in Swamithoppepathi for eleven days by the followers of the Ayyavazhi. This is celebrated three times annually during the Tamil months of Aavani, Thai and Vaikaasi. The festival for the month of Vaikasi is considered the most sacred and is celebrated...
celebrated in Swamithoppe pathi. - 1892 December – Swami VivekanandaSwami VivekanandaSwami Vivekananda , born Narendranath Dutta , was the chief disciple of the 19th century mystic Ramakrishna Paramahansa and the founder of the Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission...
reached Swamithoppe pathi as per some historians. - 1939 – Akilattirattu Ammanai , for the first time released in the printed form and circulated among the people.
- 1944 August/September – The first ThirunalKodiyettru ThirunalKodiyettru Thirunal is the festival celebrated in Swamithoppepathi for eleven days by the followers of the Ayyavazhi. This is celebrated three times annually during the Tamil months of Aavani, Thai and Vaikaasi. The festival for the month of Vaikasi is considered the most sacred and is celebrated...
begins in the first Nizhal ThangalNizhal ThangalNizhal Thangal are secondary worship places of the Ayyavazhi, often smaller in size compared to Pathis, built per the instructions of Akilattirattu Ammanai...
, Thangal of Chettikkudiyiruppu. - 1956 – The king of Travancore, Chithirai Thirunal (Descandent of the KalineesanKalineesanKalineesan is someone who was caught by Kalimayai according to Akilattirattu Ammanai, the source of Ayyavazhi mythology. Kaliyan is the sixth fragment of Kroni and Kalineesan. According to Ayyavazhi mythology, the kalimayai captured the King of Travancore and henceforth was called Kalineesan....
series)visited and worshipped in the Swamithoppe Pathi . - 1961 – The whole remainings of the previous KaliKali' , also known as ' , is the Hindu goddess associated with power, shakti. The name Kali comes from kāla, which means black, time, death, lord of death, Shiva. Kali means "the black one". Since Shiva is called Kāla - the eternal time, Kālī, his consort, also means "Time" or "Death" . Hence, Kāli is...
temple found at the spot of the location of Ambalappathi completely removed. - 1975 – The “The great Masi Procession organized by Bala Prajapathi AdikalarBala Prajapathi AdikalarBala Prajapathi Adikalar is considered as the present religious leader of Ayyavazhi. Ayyavazhi is not an organised religious system and so it does not fall directly under his control officially. But still religiously he was considered so...
, from NagercoilNagercoilNagercoil is the 12th largest city in the southernmost Indian state of Tamil Nadu and a municipality and administrative headquarters of Kanyakumari District...
to Swamithoppe. - 1978 – A new temple carTemple carTemple cars are chariots used to carry representations of Hindu gods. The car is usually used on festival days, when many people pull the cart....
dedicated to the Swamithoppe PathiPathiPathi is the name of the primary centres of congregational worship for the South Indian religious system of Ayyavazhi, having a relatively large structure like that of a temple...
. - 1989 – The Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam Edition of Akilattirattu AmmanaiAkilattirattu AmmanaiAkilathirattu Ammanai , also called Thiru Edu , is the main religious text of the Tamil belief system Ayyavazhi...
, released. Big controversy arose questioning the removal and reference of additional verses from various versions of texts of Akilam. - 1990 – A new Flag mast constructed at Swamithoppe Pathi replacing the old one.
- 1990 October/November – The Flag mast and the Temple car included Kodiyettru ThirunalKodiyettru ThirunalKodiyettru Thirunal is the festival celebrated in Swamithoppepathi for eleven days by the followers of the Ayyavazhi. This is celebrated three times annually during the Tamil months of Aavani, Thai and Vaikaasi. The festival for the month of Vaikasi is considered the most sacred and is celebrated...
begins in Ambalappathi. - 1993? - Ayya Vaikunda AvataramAyya Vaikunda AvataramThe Ayya Vaikunda Avataram is a festival celebrated by the followers of Ayyavazhi on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date on which the Ayyavazhi followers believe that Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea at Thiruchendur as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of Kali and...
was announced as a holiday by the government for the district of Kanyakumari. - 1994 September 17 – Some Anti-ayyavazhi elements mixed a serious poison, Pureton in the sacred water of Mutthirikkinaru.
- 1999 January 1 - The first transliterated version of Arul NoolArul NoolThe Arul Nool is a supplement to the Akilattirattu Ammanai, and is likewise considered a holy scripture of Ayyavazhi, an offshoot sect of Hinduism. This book contains the collection of messages given by Ayya Vaikundar to his Disciples , whose names are unknown...
published in Malayalam by Bala Prajapathi AdikalarBala Prajapathi AdikalarBala Prajapathi Adikalar is considered as the present religious leader of Ayyavazhi. Ayyavazhi is not an organised religious system and so it does not fall directly under his control officially. But still religiously he was considered so...
. - 2000 – The Second edition of the (Vaikundar Thiru kudumbam Version) Akilattirattu Ammanai released by Ayya Vaikundar Thirukkudumbam.
- 2006 February/March - The Ayya Vaikunda AvataramAyya Vaikunda AvataramThe Ayya Vaikunda Avataram is a festival celebrated by the followers of Ayyavazhi on the 20th day of the Tamil Month of Masi, the date on which the Ayyavazhi followers believe that Lord Vaikundar arose from the sea at Thiruchendur as the son of Mummorthies to destroy the evil spirit of Kali and...
was declared official holiday for the districts of TirunelveliTirunelveliTirunelveli , also known as Nellai , and historically as Tinnevelly, is a city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the headquarters of the Tirunelveli District and the sixth biggest city in Tamil Nadu...
and Thoothukkudi by the Tamil NaduTamil NaduTamil Nadu is one of the 28 states of India. Its capital and largest city is Chennai. Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Pondicherry, and the states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh...
GovernmentGovernmentGovernment refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
. - 2006 September/October - The first impression of Akilam Kalai Ilakkiya Peravai version Akilam released.
See also
- History of AyyavazhiHistory of AyyavazhiThe History of Ayyavazhi traces the religious history of Ayyavazhi, a belief-system originated in mid-nineteenth century in Southern India. Ayyavazhi came to be noticed by the large number of people gathering to worship Ayya Vaikundar in the middle of the 19th century...
- Ayya VaikundarAyya VaikundarAyya Vaikundar , according to Akilattirattu Ammanai , a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was a Manu Avatar of Narayana, incarnated as Muthukutty or Mudisoodum Perumal, a Nadar of Swamithoppe, Tamil Nadu Ayya Vaikundar , according to Akilattirattu Ammanai (or Akilam), a scripture of the Ayyavazhi, was...
- Ayyavazhi in reports by Christian missionariesAyyavazhi in reports by Christian missionariesAyyavazhi, a belief system originating from South India, is mentioned in a number of reports by Christian missionaries in the 19th century. In some of these reports, it is claimed that Ayyavazhi is an anti-Christian religious phenomenon...