1860s

• 1867 - Following the Great Coalition
  Great Coalition
  The Great Coalition was a grand coalition of the political parties of the two Canadas in 1864. The previous collapse after only three months of a coalition government formed by George-Étienne Cartier, George Brown and John A. MacDonald. The Great Coalition was formed to stop the political deadlock...
  
  , upon the request of its colonial representatives their British North America Act is passed by the Parliament of Great Britain
  Parliament of Great Britain
  The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland...
  
  . Rather than remain a colony of Great Britain, the citizens of Quebec vote to join with New Brunswick
  New Brunswick
  New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...
  
  , Nova Scotia
  Nova Scotia
  Nova Scotia is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the most populous province in Atlantic Canada. The name of the province is Latin for "New Scotland," but "Nova Scotia" is the recognized, English-language name of the province. The provincial capital is Halifax. Nova Scotia is the...
  
   and Ontario
  Ontario
  Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....
  
   to create the nation of Canada.
• 1867 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1867
  The Quebec general election of 1867 was held in August and September of 1867 to elect members of the 1st Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada...
  
  : In August, the first provincial elections are held under the British North America Act. The Bleus (Conservatives) support the confederation while the Rouges (Liberals) oppose it. 55% of Quebecers vote in favour of the new Confederation of Canada while 45% oppose.
• 1868 - Thomas D'Arcy McGee, Member of Parliament in Montreal-West, is assassinated by an Irish Fenian
  Fenian
  The Fenians , both the Fenian Brotherhood and Irish Republican Brotherhood , were fraternal organisations dedicated to the establishment of an independent Irish Republic in the 19th and early 20th century. The name "Fenians" was first applied by John O'Mahony to the members of the Irish republican...
  
  , Patrick Whelan.
• 1869 - January 16 - In Montreal, Hugh Graham
  Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan
  Hugh Graham, 1st Baron Atholstan , was a Canadian newspaper publisher.-Biography:Born in Athelstan , Huntingdon County, Quebec, Graham was the son of Robert Walker Graham, a Scottish land owner, and his wife, Marion, daughter of Colonel Thomas McLeay Gardner.He was educated at the Huntingdon...
  
   and George T. Lanigan found the Montreal Evening Star
  Montreal Star
  The Montreal Star was an English-language Canadian newspaper published in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It folded in 1979 following an eight-month pressmen's strike....
  
  .

1870s

• 1870 - A major forest fire ravages the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
  Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
  Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean is a region in Quebec, Canada. It contains the Saguenay Fjord, the estuary of the Saguenay River, stretching through much of the region...
  
   region, leaving a third of the population homeless.
• 1871 - The Parliament of New Brunswick
  New Brunswick
  New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...
  
   passes the Common School Act.
• 1871 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1871
  The Quebec general election of 1871 was held in June and July of 1871 to elect members of the 2nd Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada...
  
  : Conservatives win.
• 1873 - The House of Commons
  Canadian House of Commons
  The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...
  
   disallows "double mandates": the same person can no longer simultaneously hold a seat in the House of Commons and a provincial legislature.
• 1873 - Foundation of the Banque d'Hochelaga.
• 1874 - The Legislative Assembly of Quebec passes its own law to the same effect (abolishing double mandates).
• 1874 - The Montreal Stock Exchange is founded.
• 1875 - February 23: New electoral law: voting is now secret and takes place in all ridings on the same day.
• 1875 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1875
  The Quebec general election of 1875 was held on July 7, 1875 to elect members of the 3rd Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada...
  
  : Conservatives win.
• 1877 - The Parliament of Prince Edward Island
  Prince Edward Island
  Prince Edward Island is a Canadian province consisting of an island of the same name, as well as other islands. The maritime province is the smallest in the nation in both land area and population...
  
   passes the Public Schools Act
  Public Schools Act
  The Public Schools Acts are a series of Acts of the same name passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom.The following is a list of such Acts:* The Public Schools Act 1868* The Public Schools Act 1873...
  
  .
• 1878 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1878
  The Quebec general election of 1878 was held on May 1, 1878 to elect members of the 4th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada...
  
  : Conservatives win one more seat than the Liberals
  Parti libéral du Québec
  The Quebec Liberal Party is a centre-right political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955....
  
  , but Liberal Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière
  Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière
  Sir Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, served as the fourth Premier of the Canadian province of Quebec, a federal Cabinet minister, and the seventh Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.- Early years :...
  
   nonetheless remains premier.
• 1878 - The Legislative Assembly
  Legislative Assembly of Quebec
  The Legislative Assembly of Quebec was the name of the lower house of Quebec's legislature until 1968, when it was renamed the National Assembly of Quebec. At the same time, the upper house of the legislature, the Legislative Council, was abolished...
  
   passes a law abolishing the Legislative Council
  Legislative Council of Quebec
  From 1867 until 1968, the Legislative Council of Quebec was the unelected upper house of the bicameral legislature in the Canadian province of Quebec...
  
  , but the latter does not agree to its own demise (which would not occur until 1968).
• 1879 - The rules of ice hockey
  Ice hockey
  Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
  
   are established by three McGill
  McGill University
  Mohammed Fathy is a public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The university bears the name of James McGill, a prominent Montreal merchant from Glasgow, Scotland, whose bequest formed the beginning of the university...
  
   students.

1880s

• 1881 - The First Acadian Congress is held in Memramcook, New Brunswick
  Memramcook, New Brunswick
  Memramcook is a Canadian village in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. Located in south-eastern New Brunswick, the community is predominantly people of Acadian descent who speak the Chiac derivative of the French language....
  
  .
• 1881 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1881
  The Quebec general election of 1881 was held on December 2, 1881 to elect members of the 5th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada...
  
  : Conservatives win.
• 1884 - The Acadian national flag
  Flag of Acadia
  The flag of Acadia was adopted on August 15, 1884, at the Second Acadian National Convention held in Miscouche, Prince Edward Island, by nearly 5,000 Acadian delegates from across the Maritimes. It was designed by Father Marcel-Francois Richard, a priest from Saint-Louis-de-Kent, New Brunswick...
  
   is adopted.
• 1884 - Founding of La Presse (newspaper) in Montreal
  Montreal
  Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
  
  .
• 1885 - The Canadian Pacific railroad (from Montreal
  Montreal
  Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
  
   to Vancouver) is completed: the "last spike" is driven in on November 7.
• 1885 - Tried and found guilty, rebel Louis Riel
  Louis Riel
  Louis David Riel was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political and spiritual leader of the Métis people of the Canadian prairies. He led two resistance movements against the Canadian government and its first post-Confederation Prime Minister, Sir John A....
  
   is hung on November 16.
• 1885 - Popular assembly held at Champ de Mars (in Montreal
  Montreal
  Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
  
  ) on November 22 in reaction to Riel
  Louis Riel
  Louis David Riel was a Canadian politician, a founder of the province of Manitoba, and a political and spiritual leader of the Métis people of the Canadian prairies. He led two resistance movements against the Canadian government and its first post-Confederation Prime Minister, Sir John A....
  
  's hanging. Honoré Mercier
  Honoré Mercier
  Honoré Mercier was a lawyer, journalist and politician in Quebec, Canada. He was the ninth Premier of Quebec from January 27, 1887 to December 21, 1891, as leader of the Parti National or Quebec Liberal Party ....
  
   calls for the creation of a new political party, the Parti National.
• 1886 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1886
  The Quebec general election of 1886 on October 14, 1886 to elect members of the 6th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Parti libéral du Québec, led by Honoré Mercier, won a majority of seats against the Parti conservateur du Québec, led by John Jones Ross.The...
  
  : Liberals
  Parti libéral du Québec
  The Quebec Liberal Party is a centre-right political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955....
  
   win, but Conservative minority government remains in office for a few more months.
• 1886 - The first transcanadian train leaves Montreal for Vancouver in British Columbia
  British Columbia
  British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
  
  .
• 1887 - Honoré Mercier
  Honoré Mercier
  Honoré Mercier was a lawyer, journalist and politician in Quebec, Canada. He was the ninth Premier of Quebec from January 27, 1887 to December 21, 1891, as leader of the Parti National or Quebec Liberal Party ....
  
  , leader of the Parti national (Liberals), becomes premier of Quebec. The name "Parti National" is soon abandoned and the party calls itself the Liberal party.

1890s

• 1890 - A law abolishing public funding of Roman Catholic schools in Manitoba
  Manitoba
  Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...
  
   is enacted. (see Manitoba Schools Question
  Manitoba Schools Question
  The Manitoba Schools Question was a political crisis in the Canadian Province of Manitoba that occurred late in the 19th century, involving publicly funded separate schools for Roman Catholics and Protestants...
  
  ).
• 1890 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1890
  The Quebec general election of 1890 was held on June 17, 1890 to elect members of the 7th Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Liberal Party, led by Honoré Mercier, was re-elected, defeating the Quebec Conservative Party, led by Louis-Olivier Taillon.A...
  
  : Liberals
  Parti libéral du Québec
  The Quebec Liberal Party is a centre-right political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955....
  
   win.
• 1891 - Quebec premier Honoré Mercier
  Honoré Mercier
  Honoré Mercier was a lawyer, journalist and politician in Quebec, Canada. He was the ninth Premier of Quebec from January 27, 1887 to December 21, 1891, as leader of the Parti National or Quebec Liberal Party ....
  
   removed from office by Lieutenant-Governor Auguste-Réal Angers
  Auguste-Réal Angers
  Sir Auguste-Réal Angers, KCB, PC was a Canadian judge and parliamentarian, holding seats both as a member of the Canadian House of Commons, and as a Senator...
  
   after being accused of corruption. The following year he is cleared of all charges.
• 1892 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1892
  In the Quebec general election of 1892 on March 8, 1892 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Quebec Conservative Party, led by Charles-Eugène Boucher de Boucherville, defeated the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Honoré Mercier.Mercier had been...
  
  : Conservatives win.
• 1892 - Montreal
  Montreal
  Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
  
   has electric streetcars for the first time.
• 1896 - Wilfrid Laurier
  Wilfrid Laurier
  Sir Wilfrid Laurier, GCMG, PC, KC, baptized Henri-Charles-Wilfrid Laurier was the seventh Prime Minister of Canada from 11 July 1896 to 6 October 1911....
  
  , born in Saint-Lin, Quebec becomes the first Quebecer to be elected Prime Minister of Canada
  Prime Minister of Canada
  The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
  
  .
• 1896 - In a decision by the British Privy Council
  Privy council
  A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on...
  
  , the federal government loses the right to veto provincial laws.
• 1897 - Quebec general election
  Quebec general election, 1897
  The Quebec general election of 1897 was held on May 11, 1897 to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The Quebec Liberal Party, led by Félix-Gabriel Marchand, defeated the incumbent Quebec Conservative Party, led by Edmund James Flynn.This marked the start of...
  
  : Liberals
  Parti libéral du Québec
  The Quebec Liberal Party is a centre-right political party in Quebec. It has been independent of the federal Liberal Party of Canada since 1955....
  
   win.
• 1898 - The Parliament of Canada
  Parliament of Canada
  The Parliament of Canada is the federal legislative branch of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in the national capital, Ottawa. Formally, the body consists of the Canadian monarch—represented by her governor general—the Senate, and the House of Commons, each element having its own officers and...
  
   passes the Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898
  Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898
  The Quebec Boundary Extension Act of 1898 was an act of the Parliament of Canada that expanded the territory of the province of Quebec. The province's northern boundary was set along the eastern shore of James Bay to the mouth of the Eastmain River, north along the river, then due east to the...
  
   extending the northern boundary of the province of Quebec to the Eastmain River
  Eastmain River
  The Eastmain River is a river in northwestern Quebec which rises in north central Quebec and flows 800 km west to drain into James Bay. 'East Main' is an old name for the east side of James Bay. This river drains an area of 46,400 km²...
  
  .

• 1899 - The Second Boer War
  Second Boer War
  The Second Boer War was fought from 11 October 1899 until 31 May 1902 between the British Empire and the Afrikaans-speaking Dutch settlers of two independent Boer republics, the South African Republic and the Orange Free State...
  
   erupts in South Africa. Some English Canadians are willing to participate in support of Great Britain, while most Quebecers
  French-speaking Quebecer
  French-speaking Quebecers are francophone residents of the Canadian province of Quebec....
  
   are opposed. This foreshadowed the Conscription Crisis of 1917
  Conscription Crisis of 1917
  The Conscription Crisis of 1917 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War I.-Background:...
  
   and the Conscription Crisis of 1944
  Conscription Crisis of 1944
  The Conscription Crisis of 1944 was a political and military crisis following the introduction of forced military service in Canada during World War II. It was similar to the Conscription Crisis of 1917, but was not as politically damaging....
  
  .