Tolyatti
Encyclopedia
Tolyatti also known as Togliatti, is a city in Samara Oblast
, Russia
. It serves as the administrative center of Stavropolsky District
, although it is administratively separate from it. Population: It is the largest city in Russia which does not serve as an administrative center of a federal subject
.
It was founded in 1737 as a fortress called Stavropol by the Russian statesman Vasily Tatishchev
. Informally it was often referred as Stavropol-on-Volga to distinguish from Stavropol
, a large city in southwest Russia.
The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station
on the Volga River
in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti
, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party
).
There are three districts in the city:
's Lada (Zhiguli) car plants, employing some 110,000 people — in cooperation with Italy's Fiat
since 1970 and, since 2001, with General Motors
.
Other industries have moved into Tolyatti because it is close to abundant supplies of electricity and water. Petrochemicals are well represented in the city. Among the significant enterprises based there are "TogliattiAzot
" (Russia's biggest ammonia manufacturer) and "KuybyshevAzot" (a nitrogen fertilizer producer). Other industries include building materials production, ship repair and electrical equipment and electronics.
Transport system is well-developed in the city. Public transports include municipal buses and trolley-buses, and so called "alternative" (commercial) transport or marshrutka
s.
External transport routes are provided by two bus stations, two railway stations, and a city harbor. Tolyatti has its airport as well, but it is used by personal aircraft only (nearest international airport, "Kurumoch", is located 40 km away, towards Samara
). The city is linked to federal road network by M5 "Ural" highway.
As one of Russia's "motor cities", Tolyatti's car population had been booming and traffic jams are common during morning and evening rush hours — Samara Oblast was one of the first regions to receive an additional license plate code because its existing code did not have enough numbers for all its residents' cars.
The creation of the Kuybyshev Reservoir 1950s destroyed much of the city's history, so almost all the city's cultural points of interest — such as the Obelisk of Glory
(1958) and Victory Park
in the Avtozavodsky District (site of the Victory Monument
(1985)) — date from the Soviet period, but the city administration has continued to build new monuments and cathedrals. A recent notable event was the 1998 opening of the great Tatishchev Monument
near the Volga. The Transfiguration Cathedral
was completed in 2002.
institutions. Most notable ones include:
, Stanley Cup
winners Alexei Kovalev
and Ilya Bryzgalov
had moved to Tolyatti. Former Washington Capitals winger Viktor Kozlov
and defenseman Alexei Tezikov were born there.
Tolyatti is represented in almost every kind of team sports. Tolyatti's Lada-sponsored Ice Hockey Club
broke the Moscow teams' domination of the game. The Lada women's football team has won the Russian championship several times — and the Lada women's handball team, who are the Russian and European Champions, is the core for Russian national women's handball. Men's football (FC Lada Togliatti
and FC Togliatti
), basketball, speedway and handball teams also take part in national championships.
The only local-born FM-band radio station is Radio August at 70.64 and 102.3 MHz.
During the morning rush hour on 31 October 2007, a bomb exploded on a passenger bus in the city, killing at least eight people and injuring about 50 in what Irina Doroshenko, a spokeswoman for the investigative wing of the local prosecutor’s office, said could be a terrorist attack. At the beginning of the investigation, it was believed to be the work of terrorists from the North Caucasus
. Early reports indicated possible involvement of Chechen
terrorist Doku Umarov
. However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.
Three chief architects of Togliatti were victims of violent crimes: Valery Lopatin was shot to death on 7 July 2004, Mikhail Syardin and Aleksander Kiryakov were also injured in violent attacks.
A former city mayor (1994–2000), Sergey Zhilkin , was murdered on 15 November 2008.
On 13 December 2008, Anatoly Stepanov, a vice-speaker of Duma
of Samara Oblast, a former head of administration at the Tsentralny district of Togliatti in 1991-1997 and Togliatti mayor candidate in 2004, was attacked on a street in Togliatti (his hometown) and left with serious head injuries. He died in a hospital on 24 February 2009.
in 2008.
with: Kazanlak
, Bulgaria
Wolfsburg
, Germany
Flint, Michigan
, United States
Luoyang
, China
Piacenza
, Italy
Samara Oblast
Samara Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Samara. Population: In 1936–1990, it was known as Kuybyshev Oblast , after the Soviet name of Samara .-Demographics:Population:...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. It serves as the administrative center of Stavropolsky District
Stavropolsky District
Stavropolsky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 27 in Samara Oblast, Russia....
, although it is administratively separate from it. Population: It is the largest city in Russia which does not serve as an administrative center of a federal subject
Federal subjects of Russia
Russia is a federation which, since March 1, 2008, consists of 83 federal subjects . In 1993, when the Constitution was adopted, there were 89 federal subjects listed...
.
It was founded in 1737 as a fortress called Stavropol by the Russian statesman Vasily Tatishchev
Vasily Tatishchev
Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev was a prominent Russian statesman, and ethnographer, best remembered as the author of the first full-scale Russian history...
. Informally it was often referred as Stavropol-on-Volga to distinguish from Stavropol
Stavropol
-International relations:-Twin towns/sister cities:Stavropol is twinned with: Des Moines, United States Béziers, France Pazardzhik, Bulgaria-External links:* **...
, a large city in southwest Russia.
The construction of the Kuybyshev Dam and Hydroelectric Station
Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station
The Zhiguli Hydroelectric Station or Zhigulyovskaya Hydroelectric Station , formerly known as Kuybyshev Hydroelectric Station is a large dam and hydroelectric station on the Volga River, located near Zhigulyovsk and Tolyatti in Samara Oblast of Russia...
on the Volga River
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
in the 1950s created the Kuybyshev Reservoir, which covered the existing location of the city, and it was completely rebuilt on a new site. In 1964, the city was renamed Tolyatti (after Palmiro Togliatti
Palmiro Togliatti
Palmiro Togliatti was an Italian politician and leader of the Italian Communist Party from 1927 until his death.-Early life:...
, the longest-serving secretary of the Italian Communist Party
Italian Communist Party
The Italian Communist Party was a communist political party in Italy.The PCI was founded as Communist Party of Italy on 21 January 1921 in Livorno, by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party . Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci led the split. Outlawed during the Fascist regime, the party played...
).
There are three districts in the city:
- Avtozavodsky , also called Novy Gorod (lit. New City), is the most modern; it was designed to host the workers of the city's AvtoVAZVazVaz also may refer to:*Vaz , people named Vaz*VAZ Plus, a Virtual Studio Technology and DirectX plugin that simulates a subtractive synthesizer...
factory, home of the LadaLadaLada is a trademark of AvtoVAZ, a Russian car manufacturer in Tolyatti, Samara Oblast. All AvtoVAZ vehicles are currently sold under the Lada brand, though this was not always so; Lada was originally AvtoVAZ's export brand for models it sold under the Zhiguli name in the domestic Soviet market...
car; - Tsentralny , also called Stary Gorod (lit. Old City), home of the city government and industrial center;
- Komsomolsky , the oldest district, built to house Hydroelectrical Plant builders.
Economy
The city's main claim to fame has been automobile manufacturing by AvtoVAZVaz
Vaz also may refer to:*Vaz , people named Vaz*VAZ Plus, a Virtual Studio Technology and DirectX plugin that simulates a subtractive synthesizer...
's Lada (Zhiguli) car plants, employing some 110,000 people — in cooperation with Italy's Fiat
Fiat
FIAT, an acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino , is an Italian automobile manufacturer, engine manufacturer, financial, and industrial group based in Turin in the Italian region of Piedmont. Fiat was founded in 1899 by a group of investors including Giovanni Agnelli...
since 1970 and, since 2001, with General Motors
General Motors
General Motors Company , commonly known as GM, formerly incorporated as General Motors Corporation, is an American multinational automotive corporation headquartered in Detroit, Michigan and the world's second-largest automaker in 2010...
.
Other industries have moved into Tolyatti because it is close to abundant supplies of electricity and water. Petrochemicals are well represented in the city. Among the significant enterprises based there are "TogliattiAzot
TogliattiAzot
TogliattiAzot is a Russian chemical company, sometimes described as the world's largest ammonia producer. It is headquartered in Tolyatti, Russia....
" (Russia's biggest ammonia manufacturer) and "KuybyshevAzot" (a nitrogen fertilizer producer). Other industries include building materials production, ship repair and electrical equipment and electronics.
Transport
Marshrutka
Marshrutka , from marshrutnoye taksi is a share taxi in the CIS countries, the Baltic states, and Bulgaria. Marshrutnoye taksi literally means routed taxicab...
s.
External transport routes are provided by two bus stations, two railway stations, and a city harbor. Tolyatti has its airport as well, but it is used by personal aircraft only (nearest international airport, "Kurumoch", is located 40 km away, towards Samara
Samara, Russia
Samara , is the sixth largest city in Russia. It is situated in the southeastern part of European Russia at the confluence of the Volga and Samara Rivers. Samara is the administrative center of Samara Oblast. Population: . The metropolitan area of Samara-Tolyatti-Syzran within Samara Oblast...
). The city is linked to federal road network by M5 "Ural" highway.
As one of Russia's "motor cities", Tolyatti's car population had been booming and traffic jams are common during morning and evening rush hours — Samara Oblast was one of the first regions to receive an additional license plate code because its existing code did not have enough numbers for all its residents' cars.
Culture, education, and sports
Obelisk of Glory (Tolyatti)
The Obelisk of Glory is a monument in Tolyatti's Liberty Square to the heroes of World War II .-Creation:...
(1958) and Victory Park
Victory Park (Tolyatti)
Victory Park is a memorial park in the Auto Factory District of Tolyatti, Russia. The park is dedicated to the Soviet victory in World War II.Among the monuments and sculptures in the park are:*The Victory Monument by Simon Winograd...
in the Avtozavodsky District (site of the Victory Monument
Victory Monument (Tolyatti)
The Victory Monument is a 1985 monument in the Avtozavodsky District of Tolyatti dedicated to the Russian victory in World War II .-History:The memorial complex was built in Victory Park as part of the 1985 remembrance of the of...
(1985)) — date from the Soviet period, but the city administration has continued to build new monuments and cathedrals. A recent notable event was the 1998 opening of the great Tatishchev Monument
Tatishchev Monument (Tolyatti)
The Tatishchev Monument is an equestrian statue on the banks of the Volga at Tolyatti. Completed in 1998, it honors Vasili Tatishchev, the founder of Tolyatti.-Vasili Tatishchev:...
near the Volga. The Transfiguration Cathedral
Transfiguration Cathedral (Tolyatti)
The Transfiguration Cathedral is an Orthodox Cathedral in the Russian city of Tolyatti. Completed in 2002, it is named after the Christian Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, celebrated on August 19.-Construction:...
was completed in 2002.
Education
Education is represented by over one hundred public and by ten private schools, and several higher educationEducation in Russia
Education in Russia is provided predominantly by the state and is regulated by the federal Ministry of Education and Science. Regional authorities regulate education within their jurisdictions within the prevailing framework of federal laws. In 2004 state spending for education amounted to 3.6% of...
institutions. Most notable ones include:
- Togliatti State University
- Volga Region State University of Service
- Tatishchev University of Volga
- Togliatti Academy of Management
Sports
In eyes of the Communist leaders, Tolyatti was a perfect Soviet city (since most population migrated here during the construction of AvtoVAZ factories) – many sports facilities appeared so that the "perfect Soviet person" could be healthy. The city has high-quality sports facilities: gymnasiums, swimming pools, ice arenas, football and racing stadiums — as a result, many athletes, including Olympic Champion Alexei NemovAlexei Nemov
Alexei Yurievich Nemov is a gymnast from Russia and one of the most medaled gymnasts, male or female, of all time. He has won 12 Olympic medals, including more Olympic bronze medals than any other athlete. Nemov's sense of showmanship and his difficult routines have won him many fans...
, Stanley Cup
Stanley Cup
The Stanley Cup is an ice hockey club trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoffs champion after the conclusion of the Stanley Cup Finals. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanley's Cup, The Holy Grail, or facetiously as Lord Stanley's Mug...
winners Alexei Kovalev
Alexei Kovalev
Alexei Vyacheslavovich "Alex" Kovalev is a Russian professional ice hockey player who currently plays for Atlant Moscow Oblast of the Kontinental Hockey League....
and Ilya Bryzgalov
Ilya Bryzgalov
Ilya Nikolayevich Bryzgalov is a Russian professional ice hockey goaltender for the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League after being acquired by the team on June 7, 2011. He was selected in the second round of the 2000 NHL Entry Draft, 44th overall, by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.In...
had moved to Tolyatti. Former Washington Capitals winger Viktor Kozlov
Viktor Kozlov
Viktor Nikolayevich Kozlov is a Russian professional ice hockey player currently playing for Salavat Yulaev Ufa of the Kontinental Hockey League .-Playing career:...
and defenseman Alexei Tezikov were born there.
Tolyatti is represented in almost every kind of team sports. Tolyatti's Lada-sponsored Ice Hockey Club
HC Lada Togliatti
HC Lada is a Russian professional ice hockey team based in Togliatti, Russia. They were members of the Kharlamov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League.Due to a lack of a satisfactory arena the KHL expelled the team...
broke the Moscow teams' domination of the game. The Lada women's football team has won the Russian championship several times — and the Lada women's handball team, who are the Russian and European Champions, is the core for Russian national women's handball. Men's football (FC Lada Togliatti
FC Lada Togliatti
FC Lada Tolyatti was a Russian football club based in Tolyatti. In March 2010, the club was excluded from the Second Division, along with another Toylatti team, FC Togliatti, with Tolyatti now represented by FC Akademiya Togliatti.-History:...
and FC Togliatti
FC Togliatti
FC Togliatti was a Russian football club from Tolyatti, founded in 2008. Most of the players on the 2008 roster came from FC Krylia Sovetov-SOK Dimitrovgrad 2007 roster, and the club actually plays their home games in Dimitrovgrad...
), basketball, speedway and handball teams also take part in national championships.
Media
There are a number of local newspapers published in Tolyatti: Ploshad Svobody , Togliatti Review also known as Togliatti Observer , Volny Gorod , Gorodskiye Vedomosti and few others. In the end of 1990's, Togliatti Review published a series of articles on a local crime group. The stories drew attention to the group's connections with the local police. Subsequently, Togliatti Review saw two of its editors (Valery Ivanov and Alexei Sidorov) killed in 2002-2003.The only local-born FM-band radio station is Radio August at 70.64 and 102.3 MHz.
October 2007 bomb attack
North Caucasus
The North Caucasus is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas and within European Russia. The term is also used as a synonym for the North Caucasus economic region of Russia....
. Early reports indicated possible involvement of Chechen
Chechen people
Chechens constitute the largest native ethnic group originating in the North Caucasus region. They refer to themselves as Noxçi . Also known as Sadiks , Gargareans, Malkhs...
terrorist Doku Umarov
Doku Umarov
Doku Khamatovich Umarov is a major Chechen Islamist rebel militant in Russia. He is responsible for numerous terror attacks on civilians, earning himself the nickname "Russia's Osama Bin Laden"....
. However, the officials later named a 21-year-old Evgeny Vakhrushev, who also died in blast, as the only person to be responsible for the tragedy.
Organized crime
The city also has a reputation for gang violence between groups vying for control of the car business.Violent crimes
The city has witnessed a mafia killing spree - there have been 550 commissioned killings in Togliatti over 1998-2004, five of those murdered were journalists.Three chief architects of Togliatti were victims of violent crimes: Valery Lopatin was shot to death on 7 July 2004, Mikhail Syardin and Aleksander Kiryakov were also injured in violent attacks.
A former city mayor (1994–2000), Sergey Zhilkin , was murdered on 15 November 2008.
On 13 December 2008, Anatoly Stepanov, a vice-speaker of Duma
Duma
A Duma is any of various representative assemblies in modern Russia and Russian history. The State Duma in the Russian Empire and Russian Federation corresponds to the lower house of the parliament. Simply it is a form of Russian governmental institution, that was formed during the reign of the...
of Samara Oblast, a former head of administration at the Tsentralny district of Togliatti in 1991-1997 and Togliatti mayor candidate in 2004, was attacked on a street in Togliatti (his hometown) and left with serious head injuries. He died in a hospital on 24 February 2009.
Corruption
The city's mayor in 2000-2007, Nikolay Utkin , was sentenced to seven years in prison on corruption charges.Local government
Mayor Anatoly Pushkov was electedElected
Elected is the latest EP by Dutch Progressive metal project Ayreon. It was released on April 25, 2008 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and on April 28 in the rest of Europe...
in 2008.
Twin towns/sister cities
Tolyatti is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Kazanlak
Kazanlak
Kazanlak, formerly Kazanlık is a Bulgarian town in Stara Zagora Province, located in the middle of the plain of the same name, at the foot of the Balkan mountain range, at the eastern end of the Rose Valley...
, Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg
Wolfsburg is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is located on the River Aller northeast of Braunschweig , and is mainly notable as the headquarters of Volkswagen AG...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Flint, Michigan
Flint, Michigan
Flint is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan and is located along the Flint River, northwest of Detroit. The U.S. Census Bureau reports the 2010 population to be placed at 102,434, making Flint the seventh largest city in Michigan. It is the county seat of Genesee County which lies in the...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Luoyang
Luoyang
Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast.Situated on the central plain of...
, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
Piacenza
Piacenza
Piacenza is a city and comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Piacenza...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
External links
- Office of the Mayor
- Map of the city
- Interactive map of Togliatti
- Togliatti State University
- Togliatti Academy of Management
- Volga Region State University of Service
- Volzhsky University after V.N. Tatischev
- Ploshad Svobody
- Togliatti Review
- Volny Gorod
- Gorodskiye Vedomosti
- Radio August
- http://gorod63.ru/
- http://www.tltnews.net
- http://www.tltnews.ru
- http://www.tlt.ru/
- http://tltgorod.ru/
- LiveJournal's community about Togliatti
- Threads at Expat.ru tagged with Togliatti
- Metro Cash & Carry opens first wholesale store in Togliatti
- Soviet postcards: Togliatti, die Autostadt